US 'hushed up' Soviet guilt over Katyn
Those killed were officers and other members of the Polish elite New evidence appears to back the idea that the Roosevelt administration helped cover up Soviet guilt for the 1940 Katyn massacre of Polish soldiers. Historians said documents, released by the US National Archives, supported the suspicion that the US did not want to anger its wartime ally, Joseph Stalin.
Stalin & Hitler: Mass Murder by Starvation | Timothy Snyder
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Hitler vs. Stalin: Who Was Worse? | Timothy Snyder
La Documentation Francaise Soon after liberation, an emaciated child survivor is carried out of camp barracks by Soviet first-aid workers. Auschwitz, Poland, after January 27, 1945 As we recall the Red Army’s liberation of Auschwitz on January 27, 1945, sixty-six years ago today, we might ask: who was worse, Hitler or Stalin? In the second half of the twentieth century, Americans were taught to se
EU rejects eastern states' call to outlaw denial of crimes by communist regimes
The European commission has rejected calls from eastern Europe to introduce a so-called double genocide law that would criminalise the denial of crimes perpetrated by communist regimes, in the same way many EU countries ban the denial of the Holocaust. Last week six countries wrote to Viviane Reding, the European justice commissioner, calling for the "public condoning, denial and gross trivialisat
Nazis, Soviets, Poles, Jews | Timothy Snyder
The Nazi foreign minister had lost his patience with the Poles. “You are stubborn on these maritime questions,” he told Polish diplomats in January 1939. “The Black Sea is also a sea!”1 Joachim von Ribbentrop had been trying for years to induce Poland to join Germany in a war against the Soviet Union. Germany would annex from Poland districts by the Baltic Sea; the two countries would invade the U
Russia's Reckoning with Katyń | Timothy Snyder
Why does it matter that the Russian parliament has just declared the Katyń mass murder of 1940 to be a Stalinist crime? Why does it matter that the Russian parliament has just declared the Katyń mass murder of 1940 to be a Stalinist crime? Seventy years on, no one doubts the responsibility of Stalin, Beria, and the Soviet NKVD for the murder of about 21,892 Polish citizens in the Katyń Forest and
The Devils’ Playground (Published 2010)
Homeless peasants near Kiev in 1934, during the famine engineered by Stalin.Credit...Hulton Archive/Getty Images For most Americans, who remember World War II as beginning in 1941, it is necessary to recall that Europe had succumbed to an infatuation with violence long before the United States entered the conflict. Timothy Snyder, a professor of history at Yale, compels us to look squarely at the
Between Hitler and Stalin
In mid-April 1945 American GIs entered Buchenwald while their British compatriots marched, horrified, into Bergen-Belsen. There they found scenes of unimaginable suffering, men of bones and skin standing, somehow, on spindly legs, amid piles of emaciated corpses. In those dark days at Buchenwald, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower postponed the burial of the dead so that journalists could be brought to the sc
Stalin, Our Contemporary | by Timothy Snyder - Project Syndicate
In the autumn of 1930, Joseph Stalin enforced a policy that changed the course of history, and led to tens millions of deaths across the decades and around the world. Eighty years later, Stalin's world remains with us. NEW HAVEN – Eighty years ago, in the autumn of 1930, Joseph Stalin enforced a policy that changed the course of history, and led to tens of millions of deaths across the decades and
The Worst of the Madness | Anne Applebaum
Once, in an attempt to explain the history of his country to outsiders, the Polish poet Czesław Miłosz described the impact of war, occupation, and the Holocaust on ordinary morality. Mass violence, he explained, could shatter a man’s sense of natural justice. In normal times, had he stumbled upon a corpse on the street, he would have called the police. A crowd would have gathered, and much talk a
The Reich's forgotten atrocity | Timothy Snyder
In the east, Nazi plans were worse even than Nazi reality. As German leaders prepared for the invasion of the Soviet Union in spring 1941, they agreed a quick summer victory would be followed by the starvation of some 30 million people. A Hunger Plan foresaw the "extinction of industry as well as a great part of the population". Soviet cities would be destroyed, Soviet industry destroyed, and east
Path to Dissent (Published 2010)
“So what’s happened to our Jews?” the agronomist Koryako asks his neighbors, grinning slyly. “Children, old men — I haven’t glimpsed a Jew all day. It’s as if they’d never existed. And only yesterday they were all coming back from the market with 12-kilo baskets!” The Jews are indoors today because the Nazis have occupied their Ukrainian town. It is June 1942, a year into the campaign to extermina
History and its woes
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20 Years After Soviet Fall, Some Look Back Longingly (Published 2011)
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1991 coup against Mikhail Gorbachev - in pictures
Outpost of Tyranny
A Surprising Guide to Democracy in the Middle East
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