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本書は、京都大学博士 (教育学) 学位論文に、若干の補筆訂正をして出版されたものである。学位申請に当たっては、著者による先行図書『ホリスティック教育論』 (日本評論社) が参考論文として付されたとある。 タイトルの通り、本書の主眼は、まずブーバー対話論の解明にある。が、それとホリスティツク教育が、どうかかわるのか。他者、呼びかけ、応答とは、何か。学位に相当する知見として、ブーバー研究上の貢献として、何があるのか。 この点について、著者自身、こう述べている。「ブーバーの人間学や教育論に関する優れた先行研究が多々あるなかで、本書のもつブーバー研究上の貢献があるとすれば (中略) 、現代のホリスティック教育からのアクチユアルな問いかけによって、全体主義や神秘主義に対する彼の対話論の『他者性』や『応答性』のもつ意義を際立たせ、またその視角から彼の対話論の人間形成論としての特質を捉える点にある」 (
誰もが-少なくともその名前と哲学史における輝かしい地位については-よく知るイマヌエル・カント。著者である鈴木晶子氏は、近著『イマヌエル・カントの葬列』を、このあまりにも有名な哲学者の、とはいえほとんど語られることのない最期の瞬間を描写することから説き起こしている。ある思想まつこ家の末期から葬儀までの状況描写をもって導入を試みる教育学の書物を、評者は管見にして他に知らない。多くの読者は、まず本書を開いた時点で、このことに意表を突かれ、また衝撃的で謎めいた出だしに惹きつけられるであろう。その一方で、この導入部は、読み返してみると、本書の主調を予示しているという点においては、むしろ必然的でさえあるという印象をも抱かせる。本書は、一九九四年から雑誌『現代思想』において著者が公にしてきた複数の論文を基盤としつつ、それを死生の観点から編み直したものである。この死生をめぐる著者の関心が、すでに本書の入り
It is said that Ludwig Wittgenstein is one of the most important linguistic philosophers in the twentieth century. Indeed, his contribution to the “Linguistic Turn” is prominent. His interest, however, is not in language itself but in the emancipation of his students and readers from pictures that have held them captive. The purpose of this paper is to understand the point of Wittgenstein's philos
Es ist eine historische Tatsache, daß viele japanische Lehrer ihr eigenes Schuldasein literarisch dokumentiert haben. Die Bedeutung und Wirkung dieses Dokumentierens, durch das als solches er sich entwickeln konne, waren bishernur empirisch bekannt. In diesem Aufsatz soll also dieses Verhalten anhand derSicht von W. Dilthey und M. Heidegger klar gemacht werden. Urn diese Aufgabekonkret zu erfüllen
Étant donné que la théorie de l'écriture chez Derrida est fondée sur des études minutieuses relatives à la parole individuelle et au langage concret, elle comprend une vision importante pour les recherches sur l'enseignement de la langue. Cependant, dans les recherches relatives à la pédagogie, la philosophie de Derrida est le plus souvent envisagée sous un éclairage politique ou social en rapport
Purpose of this paper is to reexamine the positioning of the educational thought of Joachim Heinrich Campe which is a representative model of the educational thought in the Enlightenment, in comparison to the theory of Karl Philipp Moritz. Moritz as an early Romanticist tried in his language theory to establish a methodology for creating the universal language through self-analysis and on the basi
Martin Bubers Denken wird immer wieder so verstanden, dass er seine frühere mystische Neigung, sogenannt 'Erlebnis'-Mystik', überwunden und dadurch zum dialogischen Denken entwickelt hat : 'Von der Mystik zum Dialog'. Diese Auffassung kann zwar noch wichtig und bedeutend bleiben, es müsste aber zugleich wertvoll und notwendig sein, wirkliche Bedeutungen solcher Überwindung und Entwickelung nachzup
This paper examined J. A. Comenius' The Way of Light as a theory of language in the metaphor of light, one that is crucially related of cognition of things. In The Way of Light, Comenius expresses the world and human beings in a metaphor of light. External light illuminates all things and clarifies every thing. It overcomes every darkness in the world. On the other hand, Internal light means intel
何がわれわれを規則に従って進むように、あるものを規則とみなすように、強制するのか。何がわれわれを、すでに学んだ言語の形式において語り合うように強制するのか。 ウイトゲンシュタイン『数学の基礎』 中村秀吉・藤田晋吾訳、大修館、二四三頁。
Wolfgang Gantke : Otto Fridrich Bollnows Philosophieinterkulturell gelesen
教育哲学とは何か。この問いを他者から問われることもあれば、自ら問うこともある。教育にまつわる様々な問題を哲学的に考察することである、と一応答えたとしても、おそらく答えたことにはならないだろう。国とは何か。国を愛することとは何か。心とは何か。/大学とは何か。学校とは何か。/教師とは何か。教員養成とは何か。/教養とは何か。人間形成とは何か。/子どもとは何か。大人とは何か。/そして、教育とは何か。……これら一群の問いにすぐに答えを用意している者はどれだけいるだろうか。教育哲学は体系化された知の体系ではなく、これらの問いの探究や解の吟味の中にある。というのも一つの解では包括し得ない別解の存在を隠蔽してしまうからだ。教育哲学はこれらの問いの答えを創造すると同時にそれを即座に破棄し、再度作り直すというダイナミズムのなかにある。それが真剣な問いである場合もあれば、その行為自体と戯れる場合もある。
日々、茶飯事にかまけていると、見えるもの、考えることのほとんどはその茶飯事のみ、ということになりがちである。とりわけ昨今の職場環境や世の動きの尋常ならざる気忙しさは、ものごとの深奥に分け入ることを許そうとしない。だが、時として日常のなかに漂うささやかな浮遊空間に身を委ねてみると、得体の知れない疑問が浮上してくることもある。 たとえば創世期、生命体は自身から分身を生み出していたし、現在でもそのような生命体が存在する。しかるに、どういうわけで雌(女)と雄(男)の二種があるのか。あるいはまた、食し飲することは、生命体にとって仲間とともに楽しみつつ公然と行なわれる活動であろう。それなのにわが人間にあっては、同じ生きる際の重要な活動である生殖については口にすることさえはばかられるのは、どうしてなのか。等々。 ひとによって「教育」という問題に対する向き合い方はそれぞれさまざまであろう。私の場合、いろい
In recent years, “representation learning, ” which assumes that knowledge presupposes representation, has been criticized. In this criticism “Wittgenstein'sparadox” has been used to point out the logical impossibility of “representation learning” : as long as the notion of “representation” is assumed, the paradox would happen inevitably and spoil “representation learning.” However, the paradox HER
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between J. S. Mill's utilitarianism and his educational thought. For Mill, utilitarianism must ground educational thought so long as it shows the purpose of human life. The following points will be discussed in this paper. 1. The feature of Mill's utilitarianism is to introduce not only the first principle, “the Greatest happiness principle,
現代の日本において教育哲学が果たすべき役割を考えると、まず、教師が教育目的に関する議論ができる状況を作り出すことが必要である。あらゆる教育実践には、名目上にすぎないものであっても、かならず教育目的が存在している。だが多くの場合、教師はそれを自覚しないか、自覚できない状況に陥っている。この無自覚の教育実践を自覚化し、批判することが、教育哲学の役割である。 だが、理念派のように、教育目的の自覚・批判を教師の教養に委ねるならば、教育哲学の課題は、結局は教師の人格の問題に帰着する。教育の目的についての考察が必要であることを強調すればするほど、理念派の立てた教育目的が、ひとりひとりの教師の教育実践から乖離していく。 このときに必要なのは、教室での自分自身の教育実践から出発する現場派の教育哲学である。それは大学院の研究者によって与えられるものではなくて、教師が自分自身の教育実践のなかでつくりあげるもの
一九九二年の国連環境開発会議(地球サミット)を明確な契機として登場した「持続可能性(sustainabihty)」の概念は、今日、環境問題に関する取組のキーコンセプトとなっている。「持続可能性」の概念は、自然環境の保全・保護、それと並んで民主的な社会環境を要請している。自然環境の保全・保護が実現されるためには、そこに住む人々の基本的な人間的ニーズ(生命・人権の保障、安全な水や食料へのアクセスなど)の充足が不可欠であり、そのためには国内的にも国際的にも民主的な社会体制が必要なのである。こうした「持続可能性」の実現をめざす教育-「持続可能性に向けての教育(education for sustainabmty)」-が特に環境教育の領域で国際的に議論・実践されるようになっている-たとえば現在ドイツでは、連邦・州政府主導の「持続可能性に向けての教育」に関する学校教育プロジェクトが大規模に展開されてい
本書は、ハーバート・リード研究を体系的に進めた唯一の研究者とされるシスルウッド (David Thistlewood, 1944-1998) による、リードの評伝である。二〇〇一年に出版された新訳『芸術による教育』の別刷解題、山木朝彦氏による「芸術による教育とハーバート・リード研究の現在」のなかで詳細が紹介され、暫時を経た本年、待望の邦訳が出版された。 美術と文学の評論を中心に、多数の-生涯で八十有余に及ぶ-著作を著したリード (Herbert Read, 1893-1968) であるが、シスルウッドが「唯一の」体系的研究者と形容されるのはなぜだろう。それは、以下の構成を眺めることで示唆されよう (各章原タイトルは原著による) 。
「ポストモダニズムの思想運動が拠って立った視点は、こんにちの教育研究における知のあり方をさぐるうえで、なお有効である」 (二二頁) 。1これは、本書第一章に置かれた宮寺晃夫氏の論文の冒頭に出てくる一節である。これまでことあるごとに教育研究におけるポストモダニズム批判を展開されてきた宮寺氏の、この「変節」に驚かれた読者は多いのではなかろうか。読み進めていくと、ポストモダンの視点とは、効率性や生産性といったモダンの一元的な視点を相対化するものであること、ただしポストモダニズム自体はモダンの相対化にとどまり、積極的な規範原理を打ち出すには至っておらず、不透明なポストモダン状況にある今日だからこそ、実証的知と規範的知という二分法ではなく、実践を内側から自省する「自省知」の探究が重要な課題となること、そしてこの課題は、実はポストモダンの課題ではなく、プレモダンの時代にまで遡ることのできる古くて新しい
教育哲学と教育思想史研究との関係をどのように考えるか。 この問題を、私たちの学会はくりかえし問うてきた。現在でもさまざまな立場や議論が存在するだろう。これまで教育哲学の名の下に展開してきた研究の少なからぬ部分が、教育思想、特に欧米のそれらの紹介や分析であったことは周知の事実である。そしてそのような実態に対して、しばしば強い懸念が示されてきてもいる。他方教育哲学は、現在の日本の教育問題に対して考察を挑もうとするとき、その枠組みをなす概念装置を必要とする。そうした概念装置をより精緻で有効なものに練りあげるために、既存の教育思想を資源として活用することは論難されるべきことではない。しかも「教育」という概念や認識の枠組みが、近代社会において生成した歴史的な構成物であることを考慮に入れれば、欧米の教育思想が参照されることには一定の正当性があると言えよう。 もっとも、教育哲学の名の下に展開している教育
本書はすでに「教育学研究第72巻4号」の〈図書紹介〉において、さらに「日本仏教教育学研究第14号」「関西教育学会研究紀要第6号」の〈書評〉で取り上げられており、本誌で改めて書評することは屋上屋を架すの感なきにしもあらずであるが、編集委員会から1年前に依頼を受けていた関係上、先行の書評などを参照して評者なりの論評をしてみたい。本書の書評としては「関西教育学会研究紀要」誌での松井春満氏のものが学術的な評価として簡潔にして要を得ていると思う。評者は明治期の教育や仏教教育の分野を専門とする研究者ではないため、以下の論述では専門的な知識の不備による誤解が含まれているかも知れないが、興味深い研究テーマに引き込まれた好奇心からの勇み足としてご寛恕いただきたい。本書の構成と方法論的立場に関しては先の〈図書紹介〉に詳しいからこれを省略して、評者の関心 (臨床教育学) に従ってその内容や研究手法を独自に紹介し
批判も少なくないなか、それでも廃れることなく、いまなお個性教育をめぐる主張や解釈が連綿と繰り出されている。この現状をみるにつけ、「今日、 “個性” という言葉は麻薬のような働きをもっている」 (iii頁) という本書の冒頭を飾る一文に、共感を覚える読者も少なくないだろう。そのような状況において、「教育における個性尊重は何を意味するか」という問いに答えることは容易ではない。 それでは、過去についてはどうか。とくにわが国に直接間接に影響を与えてきたアメリカの進歩主義教育における個性教育の遺産について、私たちはどこまで理解しているのだろうか。過去を清算しきれないままに新たな言説を上積みすることにより、個性教育をめぐる理解や事態をますます混乱させ、生産的な議論を難しくしてはいないか。その遺産から個性教育について示唆をえようとすることそれ自体は目新しい試みではないにせよ、多種多様なその改革の思想、目
久々にスケールの大きな、しかも読み応えのある力作に出会った。アメリカ教育哲学の新たな在り方を視野に入れて、デューイ自然主義成長論の再解釈を試みた論考をこれから紹介する。齋藤直子により、この書評の主題のように英文で書かれ、アメリカで刊行された近著である。本書の主題および各章の日本語標記は、著者自身によるものであることをはじめに断っておきたい。 本書『内なる光-デューイとエマソンにおける道徳的完成主義の教育』は、アメリカ哲学界で、アメリカの哲学叢書としてフォーダム大学出版部から叢書第十六番目の一巻として二〇〇五年に刊行された単著である。著者は本書がこのような専門学術書としてアメリカで上梓されるに至るまで、本書に関連する相応の研究業績を挙げられてきたという研究歴をもっている。そのことは本稿の後段で紹介し、具体的な関連論文名は本稿の末尾に列挙することとして、先ずは本書の形式的な構成から示したい。
現在の研究課題を一言で表すと、「価値多元化社会における徳と教育-古代ギリシア徳倫理学と現代リベラリズムの観点から-」となる。この研究課題はとても大きなものであるため、課題を整理、分析しつつ、様々な角度から取り組むようにしている。以下で説明するように近年の研究内容は多岐にわたっているが、研究関心は一貫して、徳倫理学やリベラリズムといった規範的哲学 (normative philosophy) の立場から、現代の日本や英国といった多文化社会、価値多元化社会にふさわしい教育のあり方を問う、というところにある。したがって、私の研究は現代の (南アフリカやオランダを含む) 英米圏で主流になりつつある規範的教育哲学という流派に属するものといえる。本稿では、英米圏の教育哲学研究の現状に照らしつつ、私の現在の研究について、その背景や具体的な研究成果、進行中の研究の内容などを説明したい。ただし、叙述の都合上
今日の大学における教員養成教育の課題のひとつは、学校での「体験」と大学での「省察 (reflection) 」をいかに有機的に結びつけるかという点にある。日本教育大学協会の答申「教員養成『モデル・コア・カリキュラム』の検討」 (二〇〇四年) をも契機として、「〈体験〉-〈省察〉的な科目群」や「臨床経験科目」が多くの教員養成系大学・学部の教員養成プログラムに導入されている。そこでは、教員の職務の体験や子どもたちとの触れ合いを目的として、教育現場での体験的学修の機会が養成段階の初期から提供されている、しかし、子どもとの触れ合いを積み重ね、教員の職務にいわば身体知によって接近しても、それが単なる児童生徒の操作技法の獲得に終わっては、教師の職務を単なる専門技術者のレベルに貶めることになりかねない。重要なのは、「臨床の場」で求められる判断力や子どもたちとの相互作用を省察する態度と方策を身につけること
Auf der Grundlage der Einsicht, dass ein nicht-individualistisches Konzept der Verantwortung für spezifisch gegenwärtige Problematik wie das Umweltsproblem notwendig ist, versucht dieser Aufsatz, eine neue Bedeutung des “verantwortlichen Seins” zu bestimmen und pädagogische Aufgaben festzustellen, die zu losen sind, damit jenes “verantwortliche Sein” verwirklicht werden kann. Zuerst wird erklärt,
Recently, attention has been drawn to historical-pedagogic anthropology proposed by Ch. Wulf. It raised the problem that conventional pedagogic anthropology is ineffective as it simply discusses the human being in general. While the universal requirement has lost its ground, historical-pedagogic anthropology emphasizes that the theme discussed is historical and that the person discussing the theme
本稿は、現代ドイツの教育学者ボルノウと、彼の思想に深い影響を与えた哲学者ハイデガーについて、両者の思索の関わりを問い直す研究の一環として位置づけられるものである。ハイデガー哲学からの影響を認めながらもボルノウは、その思想の根幹である「存在への問い」が開き示す可能性については、それを繰り返し排除あるいは無視し続けてきた。しかしながら、この拒絶がそもそも或る種の誤解に基づくものであったとすればどうだろうか。むしろその点に、ボルノウ自身によっては主題的に論じられることのなかった別なる思索の可能性が潜在しているのではないか。ハイデガーによる「存在への問い」についての考察を通じて、ボルノウによる人間学的な教育学がもついっそう豊かな可能性を解き放つことが、本研究に与えられた最終的な課題である。特にその端緒として本稿では、ボルノウによる「希望の哲学」をハイデガーによる「不安の分析論」をふまえて問い直すこ
いまこの文章を読んでくださっている皆さんであれば、すでに文字をめぐるさまざまな経験をお持ちだろう。書店あるいは図書館の膨大な文献を前にして目のくらむような思いをされたことはなかっただろうか。あるいは、慣れない横文字と格闘しながら「読み」にともなう摩擦を実感されたこと、買ったばかりのペンで何度も自分の名前や恋い焦がれるひとの名前を白い紙に書き連ねてみた経験。もちろん、文字のない文化に生まれ育ってもひとはまっとうに生きていけよう。一方、文字を持ってしまったわれわれには、もはや文字は-意識しようがしていまいが-われわれの身体と感情と思考と願望を方向付ける枠組みの一つとなっている。文字はわれわれの生活を制限付けるとともに豊かにもしてくれているのだ。本書は、文字に生きたひとびとに著者自身が寄り添いながらそうした生活の豊かな広がりを描き出した作品である。 森田氏は本書について次のように言う。「本書は、
現代の人間形成論においては、「美」「倫理」という言葉によって、人間形成をめぐる現代的状況を解明しようとする議論や人間形成論の可能性を提起しようとする議論が少なからず見受けられる。だが「美」と「倫理」の概念の接点をさぐりながら人間形成論の現代的射程を探る共同研究の試みは、いまだ豊かに展開されているとはいいがたい。 教育哲学会第四八回大会 (香川大学) において「美」と「倫理」の概念に関心を寄せる若手研究者が集まり、「美的・倫理的人間形成論の現在性をめぐって」と題したラウンドテーブルを開催した。ドイツ語圏の美的人間形成論 (白銀・久保田) 、英語圏の道徳や倫理を扱う人間形成論 (奥野・村田) 、ドイツ教育思想史における「美」「倫理」概念 (小野) といった各々の関心から、現代の「美」「倫理」概念の人間形成論的射程を議論した。以下はラウンドテーブル当日の提案者四名 (村田、久保田、奥野、白銀)
The purpose of this paper is to examine new eugenics and education. For the last several years, such ideas as “Designers Baby” and “Perfect Baby” have been discussed in terms of “New Eugenics”. This idea means the artificial production of babies by genetic technology according to the desire of parents. If educational values can be realized to some extent by genetic technology, new eugenics will ne
It is a specific conceptualization of the twentieth century, the century of the linguistic turn, that language is in general 'performative'. Building from Austinian notion of performativity and Althusseruan notion of interpellation, this essay explores the production/construction of the subjects based upon the main work of Judith Butler. Butler begins with her contention that as linguistic beings,
This paper examines Charles Taylor's idea of self-becoming in his cultural-pluralistic philosophy with a focus on his “anti-naturalistic” notion of the self. Although Taylor and his essay “The Politics of Recognition” have been introduced as the philosophy of multiculturalism or communitarianism in contemporary educational studies, it is not well understood that his cultural-pluralistic ideas are
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the distinctive features of Karl Marx's educational thought. Many studies on Marx fail to distinguish Marxism from Marx. However, Marx's thought is different from Marxism and has distinctively historical meanings. This paper pays attention to Marx's criticism of Max Stirner in “Die deutsche Ideologie”. Because Stirner developed the criticism of pedagogy in “
二〇〇二年の学習指導要領によって導入されたばかりの総合的な学習の時間 (総合学習) が危機に瀕している。総合学習を学力低下と直結させる思考の短絡さをあらためて論ずる必要はないだろう。だが、そのような短絡的な発想にもとついて教育政策が進められている現実を見ると、一世紀以上をかけて作り上げられてきた総合学習の理論が一般には理解されていないことを痛感させられる。この点で研究者の努力の不足は認めざるをえない。 このような時に、キルパトリックの教育思想にかんする日本で初めての本格的な研究書が公刊されたことの意義は大きい。言うまでもなく、キルパトリックは、アメリカ進歩主義教育の中でデューイに次いで重要な思想家であり、教育実践上の指導的立場にあった。彼の開発したプロジェクト.メソッドは総合学習の典型であり、大正期から昭和初期に構案法として、我が国でも実施されたことは周知のことである。にもかかわらず、彼に
H. Guntrip said that Freud's Ego has two types of thinking, “System Ego” and “Person Ego”, and that D. W. Winnicott the leading figure of the Independent School and the Object- Relations Theory in England deepened the latter. This paper examines his concept of Ego which inherited and further developed Freud's Ego. The author will discuss his theory about Ego with the term “playing” as related from
It has been self-evidently assumed that children would grow to adulthood through the participation in the adult community. But we can't do so any longer, because the young today have been unsable to feel actually themselves adults beyond twenty years of age. The main purpose of this paper is to clarify what our becoming/being “Adult” means in a social and ethical sense at the present day. To begin
Dieser Aufsatz ist ein Versuch, die klinische Philosophie V. E. Frankls, die “Logotherapie und Existenzanalyse” genannt wird, als den Dienst (therapeía) an “das Werden durch den Sinn (logos)” zu beurteilen, und dann dadurch die Bedeutsamkeit der Erziehung zu vertiefen. Die Frage nach dem Sinn des Lebens liegt immer schon auf den Boden der menschlichen und zwischenmenschlichen Tätigkeit. Seine klin
The twentieth century was a century of war. Despite the passionate longing for peace, and the vigorous efforts of many throughout the world community to attain it, war continues to be a part of the human condition. As political efforts to bring an end to war have had few results, humankind has placed its hopes for a world without war on education, hoping that through education the world can raise
The aim of this article is to show the hidden relationship between war and education in the history of Western thought. In the first chapter we examine and evaluate a thesis developed by Michel Foucault in his lecture at Collège de France, Il faut défendre la société, originally held in 1976 but first published in 1997. According to this thesis, the idea of the struggle between opposing 'nations'
This paper describes an aspect of Steiner's discourse concerning “Body, ” “Rhythm, ” and “Education.” At first, the author will analyze Steiner's lectures in 1923 on “Muse Education” in ancient Greece, because this concept and his educational practice sustain an important relationship. Steiner envisages the viewpoints of “Rhythmic System” and “Synesthesea” from the antcient Greek idea of the unive
This paper investigates the origin of Heidegger's theory of Pathos prior to his Sein und Zeit. Pathos is a concept generally means moods or sufferings. It has long been considered that moods and sufferings are closely related to education and human development. How is it possible, however, to think about moods and sufferings in connection with education? Heidegger's theory of Pathos gives some val
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
教育について考え語ろうとする者を、知らぬ間に呪縛し思想と語り方を制限してしまう戦後教育学の物語といったものがある。そのなかの最も強力な物語の一つは、戦後日本の教育史をとらえるときの「権力的に教育政策を聾断する反動的な政治勢力」と「戦後改革の理念を擁護する民主的な革新勢力」とのあいだでの「妥協の余地ない対立抗争」という二元的図式の物語であろう。このような二元的図式の物語にたいして、本書は、戦後教育の果たしてきた社会的機能を、「政策決定のレヴェルからミクロな教室実践にいたるまでの」さまざまな場において展開された「ヘゲモニーをめぐる争いの総和」としてとらえ、戦後教育史を読みなおそうとするものである。本書は以下の三部九章に分かれている。
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the trends of the liberal arguments that aim to solve the conflict between parents and state over the educational authority, and to consider the significance of the theory of deliberative democracy. In the liberal democratic society, parents are assumed to have a natural right to raise their children in their own way : Children should be educated by their pa
The paper examines the meaning and significance of J. J. Rousseau's method of religious education. Although Rousseau takes up religious education in “Émile”, he doesn't argue what kind of methods should be used. He only inserts the famous story of “Profession de foi du vicaire Savoyard” in book 4 of “Émile”. The question as to why Rousseau's “Émile” remains silent on the concrete method of religio
This paper explores an aspect of Søren Kierkegaard as a humoristic awakening teacher. In the theory of education, Kierkegaard has been well known as an existential thinker. The concepts of 'awakening' and 'subjective decision' are considered to be unique to Kierkegaard. A good deal of effort has been made to clarify the relation of educational theory and existential philosophy, a topic which is no
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
わが国のペスタロッチ研究史に新たな一ページが加えられた。本書は、学位論文「ペスタロッチ教育思想における宗教的基礎-その形成と展開」 (一九九九年十一月筑波大学) をもとに編まれたもので、著者の積年の研究の集大成とみなされるものである。「まえがき」で、著者は本書について次のように述べている。「本書は、従来もっぱら教育の近代化の先駆者として位置づけられてきたペスタロッチの教育思想と実践を改めて問い直し、ペスタロッチの教育思想と実践の根底には、一般的には『非合理的』、『非近代的』であると批判されがちであった宗教観が、それもきわめて根源的 (ラジカル) な、敬虔主義的で実践的な深い宗教観が、厳然と存在していることをまず論じている。そして、この宗教的基盤こそが、かれの人間観とそれにもとづく人間性尊重に徹する実践的教育思想を支えているということ、また、それゆえにこそ、かれの教育思想は、近代がもたらした
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
唐突と思われるかも知れないが、現在の心境として田辺元の『懺悔道としての哲学』を無性に読みたくなり手にした。田辺が論ずる自力と他力の弁証法に引き込まれつつ、やがて理性批判としての哲学の避けがたい運命から帰結する「絶対批判」という言葉に圧倒された。その後、田辺がハイデガーの下で学び、日本の研究者にありがちな西洋の哲学 (者) への盲目的追従ではなくて、徹頭徹尾ハイデガー哲学との対決に心血を注いだことがわかってきた。また、田辺ほど西洋的理性の論理や体系に抵抗した哲学者も少ないであろうが、その評価については西谷啓治の「田辺哲学について」 (著作集第九巻) を読んでいて、見通しがよくなった。そのさい衝撃的であったのは、「理性の立場といふものが根抵のところで破綻に陥る」ところには、「人間の存在にとって種的な基体と呼ばれ得るようなもの、具体的にいへば民族とか国家」の問題が出てくるという「種の論理」の指摘
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
“Nietzsche als ErZieher” ist 1914 in der deutschen Pädagogik entstanden. Das ist eine Tatsache in der Geschichte der Nietzsche-Rezeption. Wie aber wurde Nietzsche als Erzieher angesehen? Welche zeitgenossische Bedeutung hatte das Interpretationsmodell “Nietzsche als Erzieher”? Um dieses Problem zu klären - andere als bei Ch. Niemeyer - richte ich mein Augenmerk auf die Phasen der Nietzsche-Rezepti
This paper examines how Pensées, when it is postulated as a text written in “le style naturel, ” opens up a “topos” for religious education. “Religious education” here refers to the scene which has the effect of promotion among those in the scene a realization of the the limitation of human existence and, moreover, of enhancing their spiritual attitude toward the transcendence. The present author
La débat sur la perte d'identité occupe une place importante dans la pédagogie contemporaine. Cet article a pour but d'approfondir cette réflexion par une clarification du cardre fondamental sur l'identité introduit par Paul Ricceur dans «Soi-même comme un autre», et par un réxamen de son interpretation sur la perte d'identité. D'abord, en vue de clarifier la notion de «perte d'identité» selon Ric
Many studies on Ninomiya Sontoku and his thought- known as “Hotoku-thought” - have attached significance to his “SANSAI-HOTOKU-KINMOUROKU”. But there is hardly any major investigation into this text. This has been the case because the said text was composed in an esoteric style which combined iconographical figures and poetical expressions. The traditional methods of study could not decipher such
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
本書のタイトルに現れた「本道」という表現に、やや意表をつかれる読者も多いかもしれない。「教育の本道」とは何の謂いか。著者によれば、客観的なかたちでは存在してはいないものの、子どもを育てたり、人間の尊厳について深く思いを馳せるときに問い続けられなければならない共通の課題を意味するという。人間に共通の規範や価値の存在を認め、その前提のもとに、特に七十年代以降の教育の混迷について、根源的に考えてみようとするのが本書の主眼である。そしてなによりも「本道」の追求は、人々に教育する勇気を与えるものとされる。 著者はながらく京都大学で教鞭を執り、現代日本の代表的教育理論家の一人として知られるが、本書は特に実践者をはじめとする一般の読者を対象として執筆されている。学問的な蓄積と自己の信念の稔り豊かな統一が、本書の特色をなしている。
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Cet article envisage la notion de « polymorphisme » à partir de la transcription du cours donné par Maurice Merleau-Ponty à la Sorbonne. Nous pouvons dire que ce cours, dans sa totalité, se présente comme une analyse des mécanismes de socialisation. Le polymorphisme qui caractérise l'état des enfants à leur naissance, est l'expression de la richesse de leurs possibilités avant qu'ils ne soient ple
The present paper clarifies possibilities of communicative actions for education by considering the teacher-student relationships as intersection of a social dimension (institutional dimension) and an ontological dimension (a recognition dimension). Based on Habermas's communicative actions theory, Masschelein argues that proper educational actions are communicative actions because students will f
Le but de cet article est de dégager un principe de la théorie du devenir humain dans la philosophie bergsonienne, et par ailleurs, de souligner le discours sur le pragmatisme (particulièrement celui sur William James) chez Bergson. Les conceptions de la vie, du devenir, du changement de la réalité spirituelle, de l'effort spirituel, de la pluralité et de l'inventivité qui sont examinées dans cet
Pestalozzis Stil hat einen wesentlichen Bezug zu seine Gedankenbildung. Pestalozzi war ein Pädagoge, der sein Denken und Wollen durch des Stil ausdrücken wollte und verschiedene Schreibarten in seinen Werken erprobt hat. Der fundermentale Stil Pestalozzis war “Rede”, in der auf Ton und Bild großen Wert gelegt wurde. Diese Abhandlung versucht, Pestalozzis Stil, - “die Rede” und den Sinn in seinem f
Man hat immer wieder behauptet, daß Pestaozzi der Begründer der modernen Pädagogik sei. Der Text der “Nachforschungen” ist für eine solche These von entscheidender Bedeutung, denn man stellt fest, daß von der anthropologischen Konzeption dieses Textes her der Versuch der “Methode” als Hilfe zur Selbsttätigkeit ausgehe. Das ist der Grund warum die“Nachforschungen” nicht nur die Stellung eines Haupt
Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560) is known in the history of Western education as “the teacher of Germany.” He laid the foundation of the new educational system for modern Germany. The basic structure of his thought combines the spirit of Luther's Reformation and the tradition of humanism. In Japan, however, detailed research into his educational thought has rarely been conducted. Moreover, the same
The present paper pursues the possibility of contemplating about education or about the human being, even after the death of the human and of the concomitant death of their education. Such an attempt will pose a fundamental challenge to conventional thinking because the former tries to contemplate about those concepts posthumously. A new concept of education replete with novel possibilities is exp
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) This paper clarifies the mechanism of “meeting”, and defines the role of education for preparing human beings for rich possibilities in “meeting”. O. F. Bollnow regards “meeting” as an accidental gift which defies any methodological treatment in education. At the same time, he attaches educational significance to “self-revelati
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Hier wird versucht, die interpersonale Theorie in der Grundlage des Naturrechts nach Principien der Wissenschaftslehre, Das System der Sittenlehre nach Principien der Wissenschaftslehre und Die Wissenschaftslehre nova methodo pädagogisch zu betrachten. Denn es handelt sich in der modernen Pädagogik darum, erzieherisch das selbstverständliche Verhältnis zwischen dem Selbst und den Anderen unter ein
The present paper intends to clarify the mechanism of arts of interpreting others in the philosophy of education, as well as to examine some of its problems. For this purpose, the present author compares the thoughts of Lévinas and of Buber who developed unique theories on “otherness” respectively. There has long existed in education the problem of how to understand pupils and children as they rea
Die Kontinuitat des Diltheyschen Gedankens von der mittleren zur späten Phase ins Auge fassend, sucht diese Abhandlung, das Verhältnis von Theorie und Praxis durch Analyse des Diltheyschen Begriffs “Selfstbesinnung” in der späten Phase zu erklären. Die Überwindung der Spaltung zwischen Theorie und Praxis ist eine gegenwärtige Aufgabe in der Pädagogik. Dilthey kritisierte die damalige Pädagogik, da
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
哲学にとってまことに不面目なことは、初めから人間と世界との間には裂け目が存在するものと、これまで誰もが真面目に信じてきたということである。生きられた現実のなかでは、こうした裂け目は擬似問題である。 -L・H・トルートナー「ジョン・デューイと実存的現象学者」-
This paper attempts to describe Jan Amos Comenius' cognition of “things” with special reference to language and picture in the Universal Language Schemes, schemes that typically present relations between things and words in the 17th century. For that purpose we compare Comenius and John Wilkins, his contemporary, who had influenced each other. Comenius supposed that “things” themselves are concret
周知のように、カントは道徳理論において、ア・プリオリに自ら立法した道徳法則に従って自己規定する主体が自律的主体であることを明らかにしたが、カントが一七七六年から一七八七年にかけて断続的に行った教育学講義からは、カントが教育の中心は道徳的陶冶にあり、その最終目的は世界公民的見地から世界福祉に関心を持つ人間、即ち、世界公民の育成にあると考えていたことを読みとることができる.つまり、カントの教育論はカントが道徳理論で明らかにした自律的主体の形成理論として解することができるのである。その際、カントが自らの教育理論を実践するものとして評価した汎愛派のバゼドウとの思想的連関に着目してみたい。カントが教育学の講義でバゼドウの著書を教科書として使用し、さらにカントがバゼドウの汎愛学舎を支援したことは有名なエピソードであるが、当時の学校には根本的な欠陥があると考えていたカントにとって、体罰や無意味なコトバ知
Inmitten der sogenannten “Epoche der Reformpädagogik” gründete Hermann Lietz die Landerziehungsheim-Bewegung, deren Hauptanliegen in der religios-sittlichen Neugeburt durch die Erziehung bestand. Diese Bewegung bescherte den Zoglingen, im strengen Unterschied zur herkommlichen Unterrichtsschule der “dekadenten” sädtischen Zivilisation, gemeinschaftliche ländliche Erziehungsheime zur Bildung von “h
Teaching is somehow a difficult activity. Teacher's voice does not always reach learners. They may misunderstand or even not understand their teacher at all. The purpose of this paper is to explicate the logical, structural origin of the difficulty of teaching and to show that the difficulty is not always caused by insufficient abilities of individual teachers. I argue that 'otherness' and 'transc
The so-called Postmodern philosophy is the philosophy of de-construction wherein the ontological basis of the modern human sciences has been destroyed. We have to look for a new perspective of Life Cycle. This paper tries to find a new framework from Eastern philosophy. Eastern philosophy is a philosophy of de-construction, but it is a philosophy of re-construction as well. The category of “Easter
There has never been such a period as today when almost all issues and aspects of education appear to be enthusiastically discussed, when lots of records and documents have been accumulated and equipped educators and academics with abundant information, and when various kinds of practical efforts have been made and new pedagogic methods have been actively experienced. Nevertheless, education is, i
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
本書は, 広島大学に提出・受理された山名淳氏の学位請求論文「ドイツ田園教育舎研究-リーツ時代におけるハウビンダ校の検討を中心として-」を元に, その後の二年間にわたる研究成果を十分に取り入れるかたちで加筆・修正した上で公刊された学術研究書であるが, 総じて「ドイツ新教育運動研究の領域において新しい地平を切り拓いた, きわめて高い水準の面期的な労作」と評価されるべきであろう, 「この分野におけるわが国の研究もついにここまできたのか」というのが, 筆者の率直な読後感であり, 感概でもある。 まず, 本書全体の内容と構成を概観できるように, 目次を記しておこう (本稿に許された紙幅の関係から節以下を割愛) 。
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Der Zweck dieses Aufsatzes ist Kants Methodenlehre der moralischen Erziehung zurekonstruieren, indem der Vf. Kants Denkart einer Methode der moralischen Erziehung im Zusammenhang mit der Denkart der Beziehung zwischen “dem naturlichen gesunden Verstande” und dem Begriff des guten Willens in der Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten betrachtet, urn dadurch Kants Absicht in der Methodenlehre zu klär
In der pädagogischen Forschung wird die deutsche Jugendbewegung als eine Bewegung der Jugend zur Selbsterziehung angesehen und neue Formen des Verhältnisses der beiden Geschlechter untereinander in der Jugendbewegung werden für wichtig gehalten. Obwohl das Sexualitätsproblem, vor allem im Bezug auf das Problem von Geschlechtskrankheiten bei einer pädagogischen Betrachtung der Jugendbewegung wichti
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
This paper inquires into Dewey's conception of individuality in those of his later works which developed an anti-dualistic philosophy, through an examination of his holistic and transactional understanding of situation and context. The study of his conception of situation indicates that individuality means a new mode of cognitive and practical transaction in which an individual, together with thin
The present essay re-examines the concept of indoctrination in Social Reconstructionism. The 1930s witnessed two discourses about the relationship of indoctrination and education. Some people such as Boyd Bode and John Dewey advocated discriminating education from indoctrination, while others including J. S. Counts and J. Childs pointed to the necessity of indoctrination for the reconstruction of
In dieser Abhandlung wird anhand des systemtheoretischen Zeitverständnisses von N. Luhmann, das bisher in der an der Systemtheorie orientierten pädagogischen Forschung kaum beachtet wurde, versucht, den Zeitbegriff in der Pädagogik neu zu untersuchen. Bis jetzt steht nur eine bestimmte Zeit in der Pädagogik zur Diskussion, wenn auch es um die Uhrzeit oder um die subjektive (individuelle) Zeit geht
Diese Abhandlung untersucht die Bedeutung der individuellen Kritik an der Gesellschaft für Menschenbildung in der Erziehungslehre Adornos. Th. W. Adorno, der als Philosoph, Soziologe und Ästhetiker bekannt ist, hat die Zeitdiagnose gestellt, daß die Bedingungen einer Wiederkehr von Auschwitz wesentlich fortbestehen. Daher hat er individuelle Kritik an der Gesellschaft an Erziehung und Menschenbild
Hier wird versucht, das allgemein bereits bekannte Verständnis von der Geschichte des Begriffes der Bildung, das aus der Zeit des Neuhumanismus stammt, zuuuml;&berpriifen. Dazu werde ich von dem schwäbisch pietistischen Theologen und Pädagogen F. Ch. Oertinger (1902-1982) handeln, auf den der große Philosoph der Gegenwart, H.-G. Gadamar aufrnerksam gemacht hat. Um diese Frage weiter zu vertiefen,
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
The present paper studies the “self-realization” concept of E. Holmes, a substantial leader of the organization called the “New Ideals in Education, ” which spread out ahead of the New Education Movement in England during the early 20th century. Moreover, the paper aims to modify the traditional interpretation of Holmes' “self-realization” to the effect that his is not more than “removing social i
In this paper the author will elucidate the merits and demerits of “analysis” as a commonly used method in educational theory. To make an appropriate assessment and utilization of “analysis”, he will examine the concept through the following steps, a procedure which has not been taken explicitly so far : First, two ways of conceptualizing “analysis” in educational theory are identified, which the
In den 1890er Jahren gab es einen sogenannten Nietzsche-Boom, indem sich viele Jugendliche für die Spätschriften Nietzsches begeisterten. Das Wort “Übermensch” fand, wie auch Tönnies gezeigt hat, bei der Jugend großen Anklang, so daß Nietzsche gar zum Modephilosophen deklariert wurde. Man muß aber genauer hinschauen. In Wirklichkeit gait damals Nietzsche-Zarathustra aus als moralisch irrer Gelehrt
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the ethical and moral meaning of Dewey's concept of growth which was hitherto regarded vague. As to method, the present paper analyzes his concept of “complete co-ordination.” The author has taken up this theme because, in his Plan of Organization of the University Primary School (1895), Dewey referred to the achievement of complete co-ordination as the ulti
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
This paper throws light on Erik H. Erikson's concept of 'generativity' as mentioned in 'adulthood, ' or the seventh stage in his theory of life cycle in which he attempts to understand human life by eight stages. The concept of 'generativity' comprises many aspects including not only 'procreativity' 'creativity, ' and 'productivity, ' but also 'teaching, ' 'the maintenance of the world, ' and 'sel
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) It has been apparently assumed that children would enter into, through school education, “the verbal activity at the secondary level (the verbal activity in which dialogists don't premise sharing the same context of life history.)” But we can't presume such a language development as self-evident. The purposes of this paper are
This paper reaffirms and clarifies thinking processes pertaining to studies in “educational thought”. Here, “educational thought” means some ideas in educators' mind which motivate their educational behaviors consistently in a certain way. The problem concerning the thinking processes of this type of studies, which do not depend on the method of “experiment” or “questionnaire”, is : where do they
This paper examines how Montessori's idea of “New Women”, held prior to “The Children House”, had an influence on her subsequent concept of education. After graduation from Rome University, the feminist Montessori tried to demonstrate social inequalities between men and women statistically and scientifically. However, after the birth of her son, Mario, her feministic attitude as well as her idea o
Anna Freud-Melanie Klein controversies over child analysis made up a turning point for psychoanalysis. Even today there remains a wide gap between the Freudian ego-psychology and the Kleinian psychoanalysis. This division can be traced to a series of dispute on child-analysis in 1927 and to the Controversial Discussions that took place in the British Psycho-Analytical Society between 1941 and 1945
The theory of recollection in the Meno (TRM) has been generally interpreted as the theory 'that learning is recollection of knowledge acquired before birth' (Bluck). Recently Moravcsik and other scholars have argued that only 'learning taking the form of inquiry is recollection'. However, knowing consists of two distinct parts : inquiring and finding out, teaching and learning. 'Plato identifies k
Am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, als in Hamburg ein staatliches Volksschulwesen eingerichtet wurde, hatten die Volksschullehrer über ihre Arbeit, also Erziehung und Schulverwaltung wenige Rechte zu sagen. Sie kritisierten die Verbürokratisierung der Schule. Um ihre Rechte von der Offentlichkeit anerkannt zu sehen, starteten sie nicht nur eine reformpädagogische Bewegung (Kunsterziehungsbewegung oder
Ito Jinsai's educational thought consisted mainly of the relationships among three conceptions; namely, human nature, the Way (of Man), and the teachings (of both Confucius and Mencius). These conceptions in turn were known to him through his inquiry into the essence of the thoughts of Confucius and of Mencius. For Jinsai the Way (of Man) should be found in daily human relations, and it was first
Cet article examine la philosophie des idées-forces de Fouillée dans le cadre de l'histoire de l'enseignement secondaire en France. A la fin du X IXe siècle, cet enseignement subit des changements fondamentaux. Ce qui est remarquable, c'est le déclin de la rhétorique traditionelle au fur et à mesure de l'essor de la culture scientifique. Dans ce contexte Fouillée essaye de construire un enseigneme
Nietzsche gehort zu den bedeutendsten Denker der Gegenwant, was heutzutage jedermann anerkennt. Aber Ernst Weber hat es als erster angefangen, in den ordentlichen Forschungen Nietzsche als Erzieher oder Pädagogen zu behandeln. Seitdem haben viele Forsche ihn immer für Erzieher oder Pädagogen gehalten. So ist such die Absicht der vorliegenden Abhandlung, vorwiegend “Nietzsche als Erzieher oder Päda
ヘルマン・ノール著、O・F・ボルノー/F・ローディ編集、島田四郎監訳『ドイツ精神史-ゲッチンゲン大学講義-』
This paper attempts to examine how Montessori understood children in the context of eugenics from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Based on that examination, this paper also studies why the scientist Montessori became an educator. In the context of eugenics, scientists generally agreed to the recapitulation theory. They Believed that people's physical sizes and sha
Pro und Kontra der Steiner-Pädagogik entspringt im allgemeinen aus dem Problem der Gültigkeit der anthroposophischen Erkenntnistheorie als deren Grundlage. Aber das Problem bleibt heute von Anfang bis zum Ende oberflächlich und unfruchtbare Diskussion, weil es vom jeweiligen theoretischen Standpunkt-besonders der erfahrungswissenschaftlichen Erziehungswissenschaft und Anthroposophie usw.-aus angeg
This paper explores the possibility of reconstructing a theory of moral education in a pluralistic society, on the basis of the discourse ethics of Jürgen Habermas. Toward this end the author examines the “moral point of view” in discourse ethics in order to grasp clearly the idea of morality as the rational procedure of conflict adjudication. Discourse ethics represents an attempt to elucidate th
William Heard Kilpatrick's educational concept of 'cooperation' has been harshly criticized for the alleged effect of reinforcing conformity to industrial society and to 'other-directedness.' However, by claiming that education must be based, not on individualization, but on the 'cooperative purpose activity, ' Kilpatrick in fact criticized individualized methods of instruction and exerted influen
In diesem Aufsatz werden zwei gegenwärtige päAdagogische Theoriekonzepte-die post-moderne Pädagogik von D. Lenzen und die Kommunikationstheorie von J. Habermas-in Hinsicht auf die Funktion des Ästhetischen in der Menschenbildung vergleichend geprüft. Lenzen hält das Ästhetische für das Andere der Vernunft. Mit dem Begriff pädagogischer Methexis versucht er, die Menschenbildung als ästhetischen Pro
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) After the Second World War, German padagogues in art education have been obliged to reflect critically on the theories of art education in the 1920s. Confronting new social and educational situations in Germany, they had to keep in mind several new factors such as expression as beings in the world, contemporaneity, adolescence,
Freud's concept of transference and counter-transference teaches us why the pedagogical relationship of a type of student and his “devoted teacher” gets complicated. The expectations of a type of student toward his teacher as well as those of the teacher toward his poor student become out of proportion to what actual pegagogical situations warrant. As a consequence, both will remain ultimately uns
This paper discusses the possibility of the rebirth of Pestalozzi as a classical author in pedagogical historiography. For some time by now Pestalozzi's pedagogical values have been based on his establishment of the 'Bildung' idea. Since the arrival of Luhmann/Shchorr's 'Reflexionsproblem im Erziehungssystem' at the latest, however, Pestalozzi's status as a classical author has undergone considera
Der Begriff der “Anschauung” ist in der Pädagogik Pestalozzis zentral. Dieser Begriff ist in einem doppelten Sinne zweigliedrig. Erstens gliedert er sich nach der äusseren und der inneren Anschauung, zweitens besteht die innere Anschauung wiederum aus der “mich anse-henden” inneren Anschauung und der “Gott ansehenden” inneren Anschauung. Die vor-liegende Arbeit geht dem Entstehungsund dem Verstärk
Pestalozzi's pädagogischer Gedanke tiber die Rolle der “Schule” schwankt zwischen seinen fruhen und späten Werken. Zweck dieser Arbeit ist es, die Stelle der Schule in seiner späten Werken zu betrachten. In dieser Abhandlung sollen die drei folgenden Gesichtspunkte behandelt werden; (1) die Schule, die die Funktion der gemeinschaftlichen Erziehung hat, (2) die Einschrankungen des Hauses und die ei
This paper analyzes the concept of “difference” in Giroux's critical pedagogy and, via the author's preliminary hypothesis, inquires into the relationship of “difference” and social emancipation. During the 1990s Giroux has emphasized “difference”, especially what the author refers to as the complexity of “difference.” However, in light of Giroux's theory for comprehensive social emancipation, the
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
The current paper intends to present a new interpretation of the philosophical articles by R S. Peters, a major analytic philosopher of education, by doing away with the major previous preconceptions concerning his position. The present author proceeds as fellows ; (1) to extract the framework of Peters' philoso-phy of education as a whole, by analyzing Ethics and Education, his major work ; (2) t
K.R.Popper, one of the greatest philosophers of this century, has exerted some influence upon contemporary philosophy, science, politics and education. During his early years at Vienna, he received training in education and child-psychology for a future school teacher. The current paper aims to explicate the relationship of Popper's philosophy and the thought of the “Wiener educational reform”, es
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Cet article se propose de réduire le décalage entre les recherches spécialisées et l'image commune concernant la pensée pédagogique de J. -J. Rousseau. On dit souvent que Rousseau, confiant en “la bonnté originelle” de l'enfant, se fait l'apôtre d'une “éducation négative”, qui exclut les pressions et les directive par les adultes. D'autre part, des spécialistes insistent sur le fait que la volonté
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Stehen 'Institutionen' im Gegensatz zu Freiheit oder nicht? Zweck dieser Arbeit ist es, 'Institutionen' und die ober die Entfremdung durch 'Institutionen' sich entfaltende menschliche Freiheit zu diskutieren. Zunächst soil das Ploblembewußtsein in Arnold Gehlen's “Philosophie der 'Institution-en” ins Blickfeld gerUckt werden urn damit zu einem besseren Verständnis des Begriffs der Institution zu g
The present paper examines Ikuko Koizumi's thought with a purpose to elucidate her basic theoretical frameworks concerning co-education, women's problems, civic education, etc. The concept of “autonomous person” has been clarified by examining the process of her theory formation as revealed especially in her papers published prior to World War II. The present author locates the concept of “autonom
Diese Abhandlung verfolgt die von Kant als <<judiziös>> (auf gerichtliches Verfahren beruhend) bezeichnete, wissenschaftliche Haltung, und setzt sich zum Ziel, die kritische-teleologische Struktur bei Kants Pädagogik zu erläutern. Wie allgemein bekannt, benutzt Kant Metaphern von 'Gerichtshof''oder Richter', um die von empirischer Wirklichkeit Abstand haltende Kritik in der Metadimension anzudeute
This paper tries to find an answer to the question : What is the 'transformation' of 'imposed relevancies' into 'intrinsic relevancies' in A. Schutz's theory? The results of the present author's investigation are as follows. Imposed relevancies in Schutz's theory refer to those things objectified at the moment when routine activities are interrupted. Socially imposed relevancies in particular emer
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) Meine These läuft auf eine Korrektur zweier konträrer Voraussetzungen der Erziehungstheorie hinaus, auf die die “Antipädagogik” lediglich reagiert. Nur wenn Erziehung nicht als Entwicklung der Natur, aber auch nicht als Einwirkung der Vernunft begriffen wird, offnet sich das Problem neu und besteht eine Aussicht auf Bearbeitung
The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the concept of “Educational Conduct” by overcoming the typically-modern dualistic thinking such as subject/object, from the point of view of “Body Theory.” In view of this purpose, the present author takes the concept of educational conduct as one of “teaching-learning” relationship, and analyzed the concept from the points of view : namely, (1) in refer
First, the present essay indicates that the previous studies on Jaspers's philosophy of education have exclusively emphasized the essence or aims of education. In contrast, the essay asks a new question : What do we need to construct a more practical theory? Then, second, on the assumption that what is necessary is “reason”, the essay shows how “reason”, an essential concept in Jaspers's philosoph
Seit der zweiten Hälfte der siebziger Jahre dieses Jahrhunderts hat der traditionelle Begriff “Erziehung” in der deutschen Pädagogik allmählich seine Selbstverständlichkeit verloren. In dieser Situation wurde der Begriff “padagogische Verantwortung” wieder beachtet. Es war Helmut Danner, der an zentraler Stelle in der Renaissance der pädagogischen Verantwortung stand. Er versuchte, der Erziehung e
By clarifying G. Otto (“Kunst als Prozeß im Unterricht”, 1969) as he deals with the problem of how to conceptualize structurally the problem of formative art and education, the task of art pedagogy is realistically approached, i. e. how the young through art education are lead into the world; thus the foundations of art pedagogy are established. At the time when they were established during the la
How we can consider the relation between diversity and integration in public education, is a very serious question in contemporary U. S. A. Hannah Arendt is one of the most important thinkers who dealt with this problem. Focusing on the context of the Civil Rights Problem in the 1950ies, I elucidate her critical thought on integrated education. In doing so, I try to draw out the specific viewpoint
Das Schlüsselwort der 'Postmoderne' beinhaltet eine uneinheitliche Pluralität. Dabei ist die Postmoderne' keine Verneinung der Moderne, sondern deren Radikalisierung. Die verschiedenen Richtungen der Pädagogik der letzten Jahre in Deutschland gehoren fast alle zur Moderne. Eine davon ist auch die tranzendentalkritische Pädagogik, aber die Pädagogik W. Fischers darin, insofern sie in jeder Pädagogi
This paper focuses on the German Sociologist N. Luhmann and offers one possibility of the theoretical problem structure in relation to the purpose of education. Luhmann, already in his early research, while not seeking a quality of objective 'truth' in causality explanations, but rather supposing that they do not possess such a quality, presents a theoretical stance which permits questioning the h
Le but de cet article est de montrer l'importance, dans l'ouvrage d'Henri Wallon (1879-1962), “Les origines de la pensée chez l'enfant”, publié en 1945, du point de vue de l'enfant. H. Wallon veut saisir l'éveil de la pensée schez l'enfant dans sa relation de celui-ci avec son interlocuteur. Ses recherches sur la pensée chez l'enfant font état d'analyses liées a la notion de “couple”, (d'altéritè)
H. Nohl's Auffassung von der Reformpädagogik ist als eine Art Kanon angesehen worden, Dieser Kanon und die Richtigkeit der darauf beruhenden geschichtlichen Darstellung ist bereits kritisch beleuchtst worden - in diesem Aufsatz soil die Bedeutung und die Funktion dieses Kanons als solchen hinterfragt werden. Meine Überlegungen werden wie folgt entwickelt; Erstens : Nach einem Überblick über die re
To answer the question of knowledge in school education, this paper attempts to examine the potentiality of Mark Johnson's theory of imagination based on the body. According to Johnson, metaphorical projection from physical experiences plays an important role in our thought. From this theory we may derive the following conclusions : First, we must make the child accumulate fundamental physical exp
From the viewpoint of their place in the history of ideas, Benjamin and Dewey as thinkers differ widely. However, looking at it from the angle of the problems both tried to tackle, they have a great deal in common. Both tried to solve the problems of modern society through recourse to an anti-dualistic empiric concept. Furthermore, they tried to dismantle the traditional idea of education by means
Nietzsche attached importance to the problem how to capture the first nature during the process of our self-education. By the first nature is meant the expression of one's original existence by becoming able to express oneself by one's own language without being tossed about by existing values. But it is difficult for us to arrive at one' s own language because varius patterns are forced on us dur
Das Ziel dieser Abhandlung ist nachzuweisen daß man die Queue der Unterrichtslehre Herbart's in seinem Studium der Mathematik finden kann. Herbart fängt dieses Studium früher als das Studium der Pädagogik an, und das hängt mit der Entwicklung seiner Philosophie zusammen. Er studiert zuerst Schelling's Frühschriften sehr eifrig während seiner Jenaer Universitätszeit und nimmt der traditionellen Met
The following five points can be listed to summarize the special characteristics of Erasmus' outlook on childhood. 1. Since Erasmus does no regard mental maturity to coincide with physical maturity, the word 'puer' (child) includes a wide range of application. 2. Erasmus' outlook on childhood is affected by his understanding of the sacraments. There are various opinions on the question of the appr
The concepts of M. Buber's 'dialogue' and K. Jasper's 'existential communication' have some points in common. Especially both emphasize that man concerns himself with the other's self. Most of traditional existential education tended to ignore this point. Therefore, this education has fallen into some kind of individualism. In this paper, we discuss the problem of how to realize existential educat
Socratic education consisted in a series of steps in the formation of man by testing people, telling them to take care of their souls and make much of αρετη : human excellence. Along the way of this education he caused a great shock to people; people experiencing this shock reacted in different ways. In that sense, it meant the climax of socratic education. Now, what is precisely the content of th
This article aims at the possibility of making the educand aware of his internal problems through a positive influence on the part of the educator, and at clarifying Kierkegard's 'ethical transmission', particularly the reception and the development of the 'Socratic maieutic method' included therein. At the middle of the 19th century when European society was conscious of discretion, Kierkegard wa
Schleiermacher is counted among the theorists of dialectic pedagogy and regarded today in German pedagogy together with Herbart as an original founder of scientific pedagogy in the 19th century. This paper examines his work “An Attempt at a Theory of Free Sociability” in which for the first time his ideas of formation appear. The concept of 'sociability' (Freie Geselligkeit) described in that trea
The aim of this article is to read and interpret the writings of Erikson as a theory of development. This attempt implies, while filling in some missing points on research on Erikson, to arrive at a comprehensive and new interpretation of Erikson's theory. In this paper, in order to understand Erikson's thought, the method was applied to analyzing his 'Epigenetic Chart' which forms through out the
Karl Mannheim (1883-1947) is a well-known sociologist, who was forced to leave Germany by the advent of the Nazi regime. After he flew to England, he made efforts to offer a recipe for reconstructing mass society in crisis, and developed his theory of social planning. In educational studies today, Mannheim is regarded as one of the initial contributors to the sociology of education in England. Whi
In Japanese educational reform life-long education is a key-concept. Education for children aims at promoting the ability of self-directed education and for adults it aims at creating local systems of life-long learning; but our education is not integrated as a whole. We shall define its key-concepts by a case study of self-directed education illustrated by the Ten Pictures of the Cow and the Shep
This paper attempts to clarify through a comparison with Huxley the original features of 'evolutionary vision' in Montessori thought. For this purpose Montessori's original outlook on the characteristic features discovered in the order of descent in the evolutionary process of mankind, furthermore the position of man in the evolutionary process originating from there, finally the existential purpo
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the pedagogical meaning of Wittgenstein's language theory. To this end, the attempt was made in this paper to arrive at a correct understanding of the language game, and from there to interpret the language game as an educational theory. The following points are raised : In the first section, in order to facilitate the attempt of interpreting the language ga
下山田裕彦, 結城敏也編著, 影山礼子, 矢野百合子, 一見真理子, 寺尾明人, 山室吉孝共著『遊びの思想-遊び理解と人間形成』
Nach dem Werk “Über Pädagogik” von Kant gehören zu seiner Erziehungslehre die zwei Seiten der physischen und der moralischen Erziehung. Wie aber physische Erziehung sich auf die moralische Erziehung strukturell bezieht, wird meiner Ansicht nach in seinem oben genannten Werk noch nicht erklärt. Um diese Frage zu erläutern, kommt es darauf an, die Position der Kantischen Erziehungslehre in seinem ph
In Pestalozzi's Research, the “Nachforschungen” were treated by E.. Spranger and many other scholars, and the meaning of its anthropology was investigated. As a result, common understanding was reached that in the “Nachforschungen” the idea of a moral autonomy or independencne (Selbatändigkeit) appears which cannot be found in earlier writings. This paper, on the other hand, proposes as a new view
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
The purpose of this paper is to give an at least somewhat satisfactory answer to the question why Counts linked indoctrination with democracy. In order to understand the relation of these two concepts, I interpret it not from the premises of Marxism-Leninism but, in accordance with the two following moments, from his theory of social reconstruction. One moment if the historical relativism implied
This paper grapples with the problem of how two contradictory trends, i.e. sound education and training by 'correct' listening through the school subject of music on the one hand, and the training of bodily and time-sense discipline through noise such as chimes on the other hand, can exist side by side; it is attempted to develop a reform of the repression of body feeling resulting from this probl
The 'faith' which is proclaimed in “A Common Faith” and interpreted as Dewey's religious thought deviates from the traditional Christian faith. However, deviating as it seems to be, there is a similarity in the attitude of relying on something which cannot be grasped intellectually or by experience. But his religious thought, as also his educational thought, can be traced to his philosophy. Hence,
The modern world, emerging by a process of rationalization which is characterised as the 'delivery from magic through reason', emphasizes the turn from blind obedience to authority to the autonomy of the subject. In that sense, the modern world can be described as an 'educational project'. But today, because of its inherent ambivalence, the modern world, rather than being looked upon in a positive
This paper aims at clarifying the conception of Matsumi Kaitô to construct a theory of language education. Constructing a theory of language education was the aim and the end of his studies in language education. He turned his attention to the reality of language education and treated it from a methodological viewpoint in order to construct a systematic theory of the science of language education.
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
This paper deals with the problem of the 'helping relationship' and tries to clarify the real position of Buber when in the dialogue between him and Rogers, he raises objections against the latter. The aim of our discussion is to bring into focus the peculiar nature of Buber's thought who takes a third stand between two positions-on the one side Buber's opposition to the indoctrinating type of the
It is very important to consider Herbart's educational thought in connection with aesthetic judgement. The notion of taste is not only one of the central ideas in Herbart's pedagogy, but also an important notion in pedagogy as a whole. In the course of the development from “The Aesthetic Presentation of the Universe as the Chief Office of Education” (1802) to “General Principles of the Science of
Socrates' theory of the 'Unity of Virtue and Knowledge' implies that in order to lead a virtuous (good) life, all that is needed is to know what a virtuous (good) life means. But Socrates was firmly convinced that the knowledge of living virtuously (hereafter called 'kowledge') can never be fully attained by man. Hence, the 'knowledge' in the context of 'Unity of Virtue and Knowledge' is a human k
Die experimentelle Pädagogik, die urn die Jahrhundertwende internationale Beach-tung land, muß als der szientifische Fltigel der Reformpädagogik verstanden werden. Auf diesem Hintergrund thematisiert die Arbeit Tragweite und Grenzen dieses An-satzes, wobei die Hauptthese dahin geht, daß der Konstruktionsfehler dieser Richtung bereits vor 1920, d. h. vor der Kritik seitens der geisteswissenschaftli
Transzendentalkritische Pädagogik ist eine unter Positionen wissenschaftlicher Pädagogik in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Sie folgt dem Neukantianismus und versucht zugleich seine Problematische Seite kritisch zu aberwinden. Sie fragt nicht danach, wie der Erzieher verfahren soll, sondern danach, was Bildung ist. Eine der Aufgaben transzendentalkritischer Pädagogik besteht also darin, eine die E
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Will man beurteilen, oh sich die Phänomenologie als fruchtbare Arbeitsmethode in die Pädagogik einführen läßt, dann wird man mindestens drei Fragen prüfen müssen : 1. Welche methodischen Komponenten konstituieren die grundlegende phänomenologische Intention? 2. Welches Verständnis von Phanomenologie hat eine pädagogische Relevanz? 3 Wie muß die phänomenologische Methode im Hinblick auf die pädagog
Dieser Aufsatz versucht die Konstituierung von Bildung in der philosophischen Bildungslehre von R. Guardini zu beleuchten. Als Zweifel bezüglich an dem überkommenen neuhumanistischen Bildungsideal aufbrachen, verlor man auch jedes bestimmte Erziehungsziel und war nun gezwungen, über Bildung neu nachzudenken. Guardini berührt diese Problematik dort, wo er das 'Pädagogisch-Eigentliche' zu erfragen s
The problem discussed in this paper is, how does the child's mind work and how does he re-organize his experience through a 'Course of Problem Solving' in Social Studies. The following points will be taken up in connection with an analysis of a 'Nishijin-Ori' lesson in Social Studies by T. Nagata : 1) What is a (problem'?and how does a problem arise? 2) How does 'knowing something' affect the cond
In diesem Beitrag wird nach der Tragweite der Erkenntnismodelle der praktischen Philosophie für die Theoriebildung der hermeneutischen Pädagogik gefragt. Hier wird also versucht, die ursprtinglichen Leistungsmomente von Topik, phronesis und Rhetorik erneut in Betracht zu ziehen und im Hinblick auf ihre ingeniose Theoriebildungskraft den Charakter der Pädagogik wissenschaftstheoretisch zu explizier
The purpose of this paper is to clarify how in concrete the characteristics of W. James' pragmatism (transl. by Naruse : shugyôshugi) appear in Jinzo Naruse's educational theory. Naruse was in agreement with James' pragmatism including religion and applied it to education as (1) a principle of formation of the individual; (2) a principle of social cooperation. Naruse's aim was the formation of an
In this paper the problems around 'Mündigkeit' which forms the central idea underlying Kant's question, “what is enlightenment?” are examined. As a result it becomes clear that in his famous statements dealing with the definition of enlightenment, while he had the strong desire to deal consciously with enlightenment, yet on the other hand he felt some anxiety caused by the difficulty involved in s
Ever since the beginnings of modern education, the problem of integrating general education and vocational education has been called an aporia. This paper examines Blankertz's concept of general education which is looked upon as the most recent attempt within the discussions carried on continuously in Germany since the beginning of this century in an attempt to solve the problem. On the one hand,
Habit formation constitutes an essential viewpoint in John Locke's educational theory. It exercises an influence not only on his educational thought but also on his philosophy and epistemology. In this paper the author has attempted to clarify this theory of habit formation by analyzing Locke's three concepts of body, will and understanding. According to Locke's theory habit is nothing but the hab
The Enlightenment constitutes one of the dominant tendencies of intellectual life in eighteenth century Europe. Though the Enlightenment was soon rejected by Romanticism, especially in Germany, some individuals continued to develop the Enlightenment further with a critical point of view. One of them is Kant who developed the viewpoint of the Enlightenment through the three Critiques - the Critique
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In diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, das anscheinend bisher wenig berücksichtigte Problem der pädagogischen 'Heilung' anzugehen. Im Bezugauf das Wesen des pädagogischen Aktes oder Verhältnisses nimmt man an, daß es auf dessen Grund eine Wirksamkeit gibt, die man 'heilend' nennen kann. Geleitet vom Interesse an der heilenden Beziehung im weiteren Sinne ist beabsichtigt, die Struktur der Heilung welche
The purpose of this article is to consider the method which is used by R. S. Peters to justify education and to explain it in the light of Wittgenstein's philosophy. First of all, Peters' concept of education and its relation to the concept of value will be made clear. He divided values into extrinsic and intrinsic ones and regards the latter as more important because the explication of extrinsic
This paper tries to clarify the theory of overcoming nihilism in V. Frankl's thought, in particular focusing on his concept of man as a 'Being challenged by life'. A person who becomes a victim of nihilism, is consciously or unconsciously subject to a feeling of interior emptiness (existential emptiness). According to Frankl, this is the consequence of man forgetting the challenge coming to him fr
Children today are not only forced to acquire bookish systematic knowledge, but also in the realm of morality are forced to obey school regulations and are taught discipline from a social dimension which has turned petrified and fragmentalised being pervaded by technological mechanisms. As a result, children are floating on a plane of provisional adaptability in their living places, or are in a st
Der Begriff “pädagogischer Takt” spielt bei Herbart eine wichtige Rolle sowohl als Mittelglied zwischen Theorie und Praxis als auch als Beurteilungs-und Entscheidungsvermogen des Erziehers. Herbart erklart die menschiche Entwicklung durch die dialektische Philosophie der Erfahrung, die eine zirkulare Struktur aufweist. In dieser Struktur wird die Empfänglichkeit für die Sinneseindrücke aktiviert u
The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of Spranger's 'view of man'. The clarification of this problem is de facto connected with Spranger's value theory, his ethical and religious ideas. It is noteworthy that Spranger deducts two ethical models from religion. These are the 'expanded ethics' (die erweiternde Ethik) and the 'limiting ethics' (die beschränkende Ethik); both stand in cont
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Dieser Aufsatz handelt vom Begriff des 'Idyllischen' in Hermann Nohls Pädagogik. 1. Dieser Begriff bezeichnet, nach Nohl, die Geistigkeit, die mit der stillen Freude innerhalb des gegenwärtigen Horizontes ruht und einfaches Dasein des Menschen bejaht und pflegt. Diese Geistigkeit steht in gegensätzlicher Beziehung zum Drang oder Willen, der immer das hohere Leben sucht und danach strebt. Nohl nenn
In this paper I investigate the progress in Schelling's thought which started with a philosophy of identity (Identitätsphilosophie) and ended up in insisting on the difference between negative philosophy (negative Philosophie) and positive philosophy (positive Philosophie) paying special attention to the change of principles which thus occurred. From the beginning to the end, he continued trying t
Die Philosophie Martin Heideggers, auf dem Standpunkt 'das Denken des Seins', beruht auf der Bewegung (Transzendenz) des Menschseins als In-der-Welt-sein (die endliche Freiheit), und bezeugt damit den wesentlichen Bezug des Seins auf den Menschen. Theodor Ballauff -ein Pädagoge, der das 'Denken des Seins' zur Norm nimmt- findet in diesem Zeugnis die Grundlage für Erziehung, welche den Menschen zu
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当初与えられた副題は「その現代的なあり方を求めて」であった。〈現代的〉という場合当然グローバルな視野が要請されるが、ここではすぐれてわが国の教育現実を課題とする。そのため副題を右のように変更し、以下の諸点からその状況との対応で〈人間像〉について考察するものとする。
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わたくしは、ギリシア・ローマの教育思想については、まったく門外漢である。もちろん、時にはプラトンやアリストテレスの翻訳書や研究書をひもとき、また、石山脩平・稲富栄次郎両博士らのギリシア教育思想に通暁された先撻による通史に接し、西洋教育思想の源流に立ち還ることは怠っていない心算である。とはいっても、それは、西洋教育思想を研究する者としては当然のことであろうし、わたくしのギリシア・ローマ教育思想の理解は、きわめて常識的なものにすぎない。したがって、永年にわたって研究された専門家の筆になる『ギリシア・ローマの教育思想』について論評を行うなどということは、まったくおこがましいし、わたくしにはその資格も能力もない。ただ、編集子の求めに応じ、読後感を述べるにすぎない。
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The purpose of this paper is, taking hints from Heidegger's thought, to examine the meaning of objectivating man technically, thus trying to advance to the point of questioning the essence of technology. The paper consists of the following parts. I. Looking at the tendency of contemporary technology to include in its objects not only simple matter, but also language and knowledge. II. According to
Though mutual 'trust' between the child and the educator is the prerequisite of education, it has never been the main topic of research. This paper aims at questioning the problem of 'trust' in depth in the light of the comtemporary situation by relying on M. Buber. Children can respond with their entire self to the demands of contemporary society only when in an eminent sense of trust between the
本稿の目的は、デューイ (John Dewey1859-1952) の教育理論を、その哲学的人間観の基底において把え、そこには、一定の「個人主義的」な脈絡があり、「個性」こそが、教育という営為の能動性と受動性とを統合的に把える、デューイの人間主義的な教育の力動性を有効に展開させている一つの機能的な原理であるのを論証することにある。そこで本論では、まずデューイの「個性」の機能としての「動態的な自己 (dynamic self) 」の概念を検討し、ついで、こうした自己の「個性」が契機となって、自然や社会と相互媒介的に、共有されている意味を開示してゆく一定の脈絡を明らかにする。最後に、個性尊重の立場からはどうしても対峙せざるをえない学問中心主義の立場に触れ、そうした立場に前提されている知の「客観主義的な理想」に対する人間主義的な知識の成立基盤としての「個性」を、デューイの教育哲学における機能的側
人間が対象的に取り扱かわれることがますます一般的となり、一人一人のかけがえのなさがともすれば忘れられがちな現代において、教育の領域で、子どもや青年一人一人の個性の尊重とか、一人一人の子どもや青年を生かすといったことが主張されるのには、十分な理由があると思われる。ただ、そうした主張が有意義であるためには、「実存は、その自由の根底から、他の実存と本質的に相違している (wesensverschieden) 」といわれるような、他との比較を絶した自己自身としての実存という人間理解にまで至らねばならないのではないだろうか。小論は、そうした問題意識を背景にして、実存を哲学することの中心に置いたヤスパースの実存哲学から、教育を問いかえそうとする一つの試みである。
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nature of dialogue (dia-logos) in educational practice form the phenomenological point of view. In learning topos, the occation on which creative dialogue develops between the teacher and the learner and between the learners themselves, lies within the 'hearing' process. 'Hearing' involves various steps. However, the teacher being all ear 'listening'
To compare the educational philosopher Fr.Frobel (1782-1852) with the painter P.Césanne (1839-1906) may seem as unexpectedly presenting something new. But, while at first sight, the two seem to have nothing in common, in fact a very important simalarity between the ideas of both men can be discovered. They have in common that both recognize as a norm the original form of 'nature' and tried to expr
The characteristic features of Pestalozzi's (1746-1827) concept of 'autonomy' are considered to be structurally speaking the three structural levels of economic autonomy, of legal or civic autonomy, and moral or internal autonomy, and internally speaking the harmonious development of the internal powers of man stemming from self-activity. This is the trust put into the spontaneity of human nature
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私が本誌第五〇号において、ボルノウの解釈学的認識論をディルタイ解釈学の継承とその発展という観点から考察した際に、その関連において、理解の共同体的次元を表現するものとしての「言語」、また解釈学的過程における言語的契機の問題をとり上げた。そこで明らかとなったのは、第一に、新たなるものの経験が「言語」という媒体の中でなされるということ、第二に、その「言語」とは、認識過程全体において「前-構造」 (Vor-Struktur) を有する「理解」 (前理解) の意識化 (言語化) されたものに他ならないということである。 このような思想は、ボルノウの解釈学的認識論の教育学的意義とりわけ解釈学的視点と教授法との関連を考察する上で重要であるが、さらにこれを言語教育の問題として据え直すことはできないであろうか。ここではヘムベルク (Homber, B) の所説を参照しつつ、現段階での研究状況を報告したい。
The purpose of this paper is, by means of a critical examination, to point out problems in the logical structure of an educational reform plan proposed by the paideia group under the direction of Mortimer J. Adler during the years 1982-1984. These reflections include the following points : (1) Under what kind of problem awareness in connection with the social and educational situation in America d
In diesem Aufsatz wird versucht, den 'Bildungswillen' als einen zentralen Gesichtspunkt in Herman Nohls Pädagogik festzustellen und durch die Analyse dieses Begriffs eine Seite im Wesen seiner Pädagogik sichtbar zu machen. 1. Zunächst muß im Zusammenhang damit die 'Deutsche Bewegung' als geistesgeschichtlicher Begriff untersucht werden. Darin fand Nohl seine weltanschauliche Grundlegung oder seine
In this paper the characteristics of Dewey's educational science theory are discussed, taking into account its relation to educational practice. The educational science theory of Dewey originated through criticizing contemporary educational science theory (scientific determinism and the like) in America. Dewey's educational science theory has man at its center maintaining that the ultimate reality
Most parents and teachers maintain views on moral education, but these are based on scarcely established knowledge, especially when it comes to moral education. This paper examines the problem, “What should be the basic principle in teaching moral education ?”. For this purpose the characteristic features of R. S. Peters' theory of moral education are studied. R. S. Peters is one of the most influ
The purpose of this paper is to examine and to clarify desirable human relations in education from the viewpoint of educational anthropology. I believe that 'man-inculture' is an important key concept in this connection. The paper is composed of the following five chapters : I. Educational human relations in terms of two orientations. The two orientations are the cultural and the existential orien
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the meaning of Jaspers' concept of communication (Kommunikation) in terms of pedagogy. To clarify this problem it is both necessary and helpful to re-examine the structure of the place originally given to Jaspers in the field of pedagogy, -in short the place of 'existentialist pedagogy'. Research in which it is attempted to interpret the meaning of Jaspers'
Alle moderne Pädagogik nimmt von dem Gedanken ihren Ausgang, der Mensch müsse zum Menschen erzogen werden. Aufgrund jener pädagogischen Grundüberzeugung der Neuzeit ist Erziehung als Mittel konzipiert, mit dem man Zielzustände erreichen kann. Diese instrumentale Auffassung von Erziehung, in der es um mechanistische Wirkungsvorstellung geht, findet in der Experimentellen Pädagogik von E. Meumann ei
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the moral (practical) and political side of the goal of postwar Spranger's education of the conscience. One problem which Spranger after living through the Nazi period faced in the formation of democracy was the phenomenon of lack of individual conscience which is supposed to support democracy. According to Spranger the lack of conscience in the single indiv
解釈学はもと文献の解釈技術から出発し、十九世紀初頭においてシュライエルマッヘルなどにおいて大きく開花し、さらにディルタイによって精神諸科学の基礎理論として一般化され、大きな影響力を及ぼした。現在ではボルノウやガダマーの尽力によって、哲学的解釈学ないし解釈学的哲学にまで発展してきている。そこからまた、教育学においては「解釈学的教育学」 (hermeneutische paädagogik) が言われている。 解釈学的方法は、具体的にはたとえば、 一、理解できないテクストの個所を全体との関連で理解する。 一、個々の言明に、それとパラレルな個所の他の言明を引き寄せる。 一、中途半端な思想を、原著者を越えて解釈者の努力で考え抜き、そこから原著者の意図をよりよく理解する。 一、歴史的事情を取り込む。伝記的、心理学的、社会学的視点を考慮する。 などが挙げられるが、ここでは本テーマとかかわって、特に次の
一般に、どのような学問領域にとっても、学説史は現在の学問のあり方を考える上で欠かすことのできない研究領域である、と考えられている。すなわら、ある学問にとって重要な問題設定が何であるかについて、少なくとも、その学問の理論の伝統への観点を提示するものだからである。しかし、わが国においては、本格的な教育学説史研究の蓄積が乏しいこと、否、教育研究の中での位置づけが不明確である点、さらには、教育学の研究者に学説史研究の意義が十分に意識されていない点を指摘せざるをえない。 もとより、教育学説史の対象は、教育理論の伝統への観点という本来過去の教育の理論体系であって、われわれが現在の関心から主観的に解釈してよいものではない。過去の教育思想家、教育理論家が問題とした歴史的所与を含めて、すなわち史料的考証によってわれわれは厳密に客観的であるよう心掛けなければならないであろう。 このような認識に立って、本課題の
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ハイデッガーは、彼の主著である『存在と時間』(一九二七)の中で、自らの哲学を「現存在の解釈学から出発する」「現象学的存在論」であると規定する。ハイデッガーにとって、哲学とは、その対象の面から見れば存在者の存在(Sein des Seienden)をその意味へと向けて問う「存在論」であり、これをその対象(存在)の取り扱いの面から見れば「現象学」である。ところで、存在は如何なる存在者でもないが、しかし常に存在者の存在であるから、我々はこの存在者を手掛りに存在(の意味)を読みとる他はない。存在(の意味)がそれに即して読みとられるべき範例的存在者は、我々人間存在である。人間存在のみが、他ならぬおのれの存在へと態度を取りつつ、「存在とは何か」を既に理解している特殊な存在者であり、存在(の意味)がそこで顕わになる「場」(Da)である。かかる意味で、ハイデッガーは我々人間存在を「現存在」(Dasein)
Der Zweck dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die Bedeutung der christlichen Idee der Menschenbildung vermittels einer Untersuchung der christlichen Auffassung des Menschen bei Wichern (Johann Hinrich, 1808-1881) und vermittels einer Untersuchung der padagogischen Bedeutung der inneren Mission, die Wichern vertrat, zu klären. Christus lässt die Menschen ihre Sünde erkennen und führt sie zu der Gemeinschaft m
The author tries to elucidate the meaning of Jesus' paradoxical teaching 'unless you turn and become like children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven. Though an analogy like 'child' can have various connotations, the author singles out an aspect that children are pure and sincere in their wrath. However, the treatment of wrath as a psychological fact can differ from one culture to another
Entarô Noguchi (1868-1941) who is well known as a pioneer in the Taisho New Education Movement, especially as principal of the Himeji Normal School and Ikebukuro Children's Village elementary school shows us one of the typical ideas of that movement. He was brought up in the ethical climate of contemporary popular traditional culture, i. e. Buddhism (Jôdo Shinshu) and practical interpretation of C
The main theme of this study is that John Dewey's theory of “social inquiry” can be one of the philosophical foundations upon which a theory of life-long education may be built. First, in order to demonstrate this point, the relationship between education and social inquiry is explored. The connecting link between the two is the idea of “mutual growth” which is also the essence of life-long educat
As is clear from H. Nohl's lecture “Theliving Herbart” (Der lebendige Herbart), Herbart's pedagogy is recently being re-evalued. As another attempt of re-evaluation, attention in this paper is phocused on the starting point of Herbart's pedagogy. This starting point is to be found especially in the works of the young Herbart, particularly in his experiences as a family tutor. There Herbart believe
The purpose of this paper is to examine and clarify the meaning of the concept of 'freedom' in the philosophy of liberal education of Robert M. Hutchins. The term 'freedom' is always a controversial concept in regard to many contemporary problems of education. This is due to the ambiguity of its meaning. Hence, this paper as a kind of case study, tries to examine and to readjust this controversial
As to the content, this paper follows up the “Dialogue' and the Task of Human Formation-in its relation to 'dialogue toward' and 'dialogue through” published in Nr. 41 (1980) of the “Studies in the Philosophy of Education.”. As a continuation of those former studies and advancing considerations aiming at the formation of a theory, this paper is based once again on the practice research forming the
およそ哲学は概念そのものを問うという知的作業を欠くことができない。と同時にいかなる概念も歴史の所産という面をもつことを免れがたい、とすれば、教育にかかわる諸概念の解明に努めんとするかぎりでの教育哲学も、歴史への配慮を欠きえないことになる。かくして「教育研究における哲学的アプローチと歴史的アプローチの接点」は求められて然るべきものとなる。にもかかわらず、とくに教育研究においてはその接点を求める上でつぎの難点が存在する。第一は教育が人を変化・成長する過程における存在として把握することを求めるものであるのにたいし、哲学が伝統的に取扱いなれているのは名詞、形容詞で示されるような固定的、静的概念である、という点である。第二は人間形成を歴史の流れのうちでとらえようとするとき、経済史における貨幣、法制史における実定法といった鍵概念の具体性に匹敵する具体的鍵概念を見出しにくい、という点である。こうした難点
ヘーゲルはその『歴史哲学』で思推をこととする哲学と所与の事実につく歴史を対比し、「哲学の仕事は歴史の研究には矛盾するように思える」としたが、今回与えられた課題の「研究」、「哲学的」、「歴史的」をどう把えるかの差で「接点」を求める方向も異なるだろう。哲学的、歴史的な全体性や理性、さらにはそこでの批判、反省、形成の理論-実践問題は、科学理論や教育学の基礎問題となろうし、ここ十余年、理論的批判性の欠落、実践的解放性の貧困、イデオロギーによる汚染、科学主義という実体化された物象化といった論議があり、教育学場面ではより積極的に、忘却された文化連関の回復、教育的日常の発掘などが課題とされている。以下では、これらに係わる事実をまずペスタロッチとその研究で確認し、そのあと現代西独にみられる教育学論議をふまえて基本線の試みを略述したい。
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Bollnow's 'hermeneutische Erkenntnistheorie' under the viewpoint that it succeeded and developed further Dilthey's Hermeneutik. This study proceeds in the following order : 1. Examination of the position of the 'elementare Verstehen' and the concept of the 'objektiver Geist' which renders the Verstehen. possible 2. The problem of langu
Zunächst mochten wir 'Erziehung' als 'die Unterstützung der Entwicklung des Bewusstseins' definieren. Auch in der Gegenwart ist die Erhöhung der Erkenntniskraft einer der Hauptzwecke der Erziehung. Die Philosophie Hegels enthält die Erkenntnistheorie und die Logik der Negativität als die der “Entwicklung des Bewusstseins”. Ferner mochten wir den Satz Hegels als Ansatzpunkt bestimmen : “Das unmitte
Among researchers the problem has frequently been discussed how the relation between the liberal and enlightened thinking which Mori maintained as a Deputy Ambassador in America and the nationalistic and centralistic attitude he took as Minister of Education in Japan is to be interpreted. By making a distinction between nationalism in education and nationalism in general, this paper attempts to po
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It seems that Dewey's theory of the aim of education stressing 'growth' as the ultimate aim of education, is widely known and to a certain degree recognized. On the other hand, the meaning of growth is still ambiguous so much so that it may even be regarded as a mere slogan in education-a catchword without cognitivemeaning. In fact, such a paradoxical situation is partly due to ambiguities in Dewe
The German youth movement at the beginning of the 20th century is generally interpreted as a movement of cultural criticism and as a spiritual movement exposing the petrified contemporary bourgeois culture. But this view fails to explain sufficiently the peculiar characteristic of this movement. The most radical and all-pervading common expression of the youth movement was definitely Wandern in na
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The main purpose of M. Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology was to stop the fruitless dispute between materialism and idealism, to re-learn seeing the world, and to restore the naive contact with the world. Apparently this phenomenology suggests a unique viewpoint in understanding the existence of 'child'. We can find this viewpoint more directly expounded in his lectures on child psychology and pedagogy
There are many conflicts in our society. The children will grow up in a society full of conflicts. They should acquire the ability to control conflicts without doing destructive harm to each other. Hence, teachers and parents themselves must control conflicts in educational situations, because by adults dealing rationally with conflicts children are helped to learn the rational strategies for deal
In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, Pestalozzis Anschauung von der Wahrheit zu klären. Die Analyse seiner Gedankenstruktur sollte eine Losung dieser Aufgabe ermoglichen und diese seine Gedankenstruktur ist in der Struktur der 'Natur' zu finden. Diese Struktur besteht aus einer Wechselbeziehung zwischen Mensch und Außenwelt. Pestalozzi übersieht diese Wechselbeziehung keineswegs, aber e
Haruji Nakamura (1877-1924) is a Japanese educator who searched for possibilities of modern education for common people related to the traditional culture and especially to the consciousness of ultimate norms of the Japanese people. Influenced by modern educational thought introduced during the early Meijiperiod, especially Christian practical ethics and humanism such as 'self-help' of Samuel Smil
This paper aims at a critique of the following Hegel interpretation of some educational theorists belonging to the geisteswissenschaftliche school. It is an interpretation in terms of a formation theory of Hegel's philosophy of 'spirit' explaining the self-emanation of spirit as 'alienation'. I call this interpretation a 'generalization of the particular' and criticize it on the following two acco
Zum Verständnis von Jaspers pädagogischen Gedanken ist vor allem der Begriff der “sokratischen Erziehung” durch “existentielle. Kommunikation” wichtig, den Jaspers in “Die Idee der Universität” entfaltet. Existentielle Kommunikation nun hat, wie in meinem Aufsatz gezeigt wird, die Züge von Exklusivität, Zufälligkeit und Augenblicklichkeit. Demgegenüber ist zu fragen, ob das ganze erzieherische Ver
Traditionally Hegel's educational theory was generally interpreted as a nationalistic pedagogy because it was considered on the basis of his work dealing with national sociology, i. e. The Philosophy of Law. On the contrary, in this paper we would like to bring out a different viewpoint which is not solved in his national educational theory, but based on his Phänomenologie des Geistes. The reason
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1、戦後思想の根底の問題-「人間」と「国家」- 2、民主主義社会実現の問題-住民自治との関りにおいて- 3、「経済大国」決意の問題-一九五〇年代末からの動向- 4、人間主義の回復-人間の全体性の回復- 「戦後教育における人間像」に関してこのような筋において発表したい。教育における人間縁はその根底においてその時代の思想に強く影響を受ける。戦後思想の根底 (というより戦後思想の出発というのがふさわしいと考える) は、「人間」と「国家」との関係をどうとらえるかにその核がある。民主主義社会実現の問題もそのことを抜きには不可能なことであり、あらためて再認識しておく問題と考える。 今日の深刻な諸問題は (特に教育にとって) 一九五〇年代末にその源泉があることはほぼ常識となっている。「軍事大国」と「経済大国」とを交替すれば明治国家のとった政策と極めて類似し、より問題は深刻な様相を呈している。強力な中央集
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今日、教育の現実は、きわめて複雑であり、また、多岐にわたっている。 それだけに、教育について考えるうえで、何が重要な歴史的課題であるかを、見きわめる必要があると思われる。今日、教育について考えるうえで、重要なのは二つの観点である。第一は、現代が学校教育中心の時代から、生涯教育を尊重する学習社会への移行期であるということ、第二は、国民教育中心の時代から、世界史のなかに生きるものとしての教育を重視したそれに移行しつつあることである。 [学習社会] 学習社会の問題として目につくのは、科学技術の進歩と経済の発展に支えられて、急速に高齢化社会を迎えようとしており、高齢者自身も、他の人々も、これに対応する学習を迫られていることである。 しかし、それだけではない。急速な科学技術の変化に対応するために、企業や官庁に職場内の教育や研究の制度が整備され、なかでも研究については、学校制度内のそれよりも多額な投資
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In the pedagogy of Pestalozzi and Fichte there is a fundamental difference as the former entertained a nostalgia toward the past whereas the latter was filled with a desire toward the future; however, there is agreement among them as they both postulate education as an urgent matter. Because of this urgency in the traditional meaning of educational theory as oughtness has been exhibited in a typic
On the basis of two of Litt's papers in which in the early 1930 ies he criticised Nazism, I have summarized his criticism in two point's. Litt's argument in “University and Politics” (“Universität und Politik”) can be summed up as follows : 1. Political interference with science tends to destroy it because it infringes on the autonomy of science. 2. A university should be firmly grounded in its fu
Masamichi Tsuda (1829-1903) known widely as a jurist wrote for the Meiroku Zasshi, an important progressive journal of the Meiji period. Contributors to this journal were interested in the education that people needed in order to build the new nation. In order to develop the wealth and power of Japan, Tsuda suggested building new schools emphasizing the study of jitsugaku. Advocating a new spirit
I. The purpose of this study is to interpret the structure of the development of morality in children from anthropological viewpoint of education. II. For this purpose Heidegger's “Historical Existence” seems quite helpful as a basis of interpretation. Re-examining the pedagogical meaning of his concept of existence we are able to arrive at a hypothesis on the interpretation of morality from an an
Up to the present, the evaluation of Kerschensteiner's. Arbeitssehule was divided into two opposing views, either fully supporting, that idea (e.g. Spran-ger) or totally rejecting it (Hohendorf); almost no dialague was carried. on between those two positions. In this paper I try to prove that Kerschensteiner's view on Arbeit includes the following rather differing, elements and that in different p
In this paper the role of “Need” (Not) in the formation of man in its material and spiritual meaning shall be examined as it is found in the early stages of Pestalozzi's. thought. Material need produces the necessary stamina needed by man to become self-reliant through the fulfilment of one's vocational obligations. Thus, “need” by giving. “the opportunity to overcome much”, is a valuable educatio
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The experience-oriented learning was heavily criticized as causing learners to 'crawl-about' for trivial facts. But this criticism not only failed to take account of the potential of proliferation of codes formed through experience-oriented learning, but also disturbed the study of their proliferation. A similar mistake was made also by those who defended the experience-oriented learning. Both, th
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Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
It is felt that something is lacking in the traditional approach toward the problem of 'dialogue'. The reason is that a difference between 'parole' and 'écriture' is being tacitly presupposed. Alain, in his educational theory, has re-emphasized education through 'lecture' (reading) and is critical concerning instruction by means of dialogue. It would, however, be a mistake to interpret this as sim
The process of human growth is understood to be a process of self-realization and understanding the world. O. Fr. Bollnow refers to language, more specifically to 'dialogue' (das Gespräch) in its concrete setting, as serving that purpose. Based on this theory of Bollnow, the author interprets school education in its polarity structure of 'dialogue' and 'instruction', adding some considerations on
The author tries to clarify W. Dilthey's concept of 'self-reflection' (Selbstbesinnung) which based on a practical task from the outset runs through Dilthey's entire work, by analyzing his writings and his interpretation of the relation between theory and practice. While doing so, it was noticed that human self-reflection as the acting subject carries on a process of 'reciprocal action' involving
伝統的なドイツの陶冶思想 (Bildungsdenken) と現代の教育学の大勢との間には、種々の著しい食い違い (beträchtliche Verschiedenheiten) があって、それは教育思想のあらゆる領域に及んでいる。第二次大戦後、教育学は、さまざまな伝統的教育観・陶冶観と批判的な対決を行なうことによってみずからの資格をあかししようと努め、耐久性があり、しかもそれまでに蒙った数々の経験を考慮に入れた新しい出発点を探し求めたのであるが、現在では教育上のことがらを、従来とは異なったいろいろな前提から考え始めている。伝統的な種々の立場に対する批判は、今やただ事のついでにのみなされており、それも、異議を唱えるという形の批判であれ、否定するという形の批判であれ、もはや建設的な意味を何ひとつ持っていない。このような発展状況は、見受けるところ、伝統的な教育思想を等閑視しているように思われ
An attempt is here made to examine through his major works Inoue's viewpoint within the frame of philosophy of education. The paper is divided into three parts : (1) the philosophic-educational meaning of the Coplimental Theory (sôho sestu); (2) the philosophic-educational foundation of this Theory; (3) a critical appraisal of the same Theory. The Complimental Theory seems to attach more importanc
The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of God in Friedrich Fröbel's pedagogy and to shed light on his notion of God, and how he saw the relation between God and nature, taking into consideration the influence other philosophers had on him. In Chapter 1, Fröbel's idea of God and Nature has first been examined, and then his notion of the immanence and the transcendence of God.'Life'is l
(1) Erich Fromm's theory of “self-realization” has developed through the process of critical examination into S. Freud's biological-deterministic rationale and his own cultural-deterministic one in his early works, and it consequently includes both of these factors as the vital components. (2) In his theory, therefore, a human-being is regarded as an existence who can realize his own primary poten
Menachem Gerson “Family, Women, and Socialization in the Kibbutz”
It is a well known fact that contemporary schools are facing a number of problems. Various solutions are presented and attempts at reform are made. Nevertheless the situation which is supposed to be remedied turns out more and more serious. One of the reasons for that is that the present situation is emptied to such a degree that its emptiness being formally established, is looked upon as an ordin
Since the time of Norinaga Motoori, the most noted critic of the Tale of Genji in the Edo Period, who said about the book that he could not imagine what purpose it was written for, no one has dared to answer the question, “What had induced the author, Lady Murasaki, to write it?” If it is assumed, however, that Lady Murasaki wrote it as a textbook to be used in educating Chugu Shoshi, daughter of
E. Krieck was a supporter of a 'pure science of Education' as well as of the ideology of Nazism. In this paper the attempt is made to discuss the connection between these two aspects. Krieck was aligned with Nazism before he developed his theory of pure science of education; there was a reason why he supported Nazism. The reason is that this was the ideology of the petit bourgeois class. The 'pure
In search of the educational means by which the autonomous judgment and the productive activity of the child can be fostered, an attempt was made at the philosophical and anthropological aspect of 'dialogue' based on some particular practice research. Indeed, class teaching which is essentially directed toward an end, aiming at establishing factual relationships, has an aspect which seems to be di
Christoph Wulf : Theorien and Konzepte der Erziehungswissenschaft, Juventa Verlag. 19782
Prof. Ueda says, “The dynamic A cannot be identified with an abstract generality, Ao, in the final analysis.” I admit it makes some sense to distinguish an object (A) from an abstract notion of it (Ao). But is he right when he asserts on the basis of this distinction that any actual cognition of an object is entirely uncertain and fluctuant? Is it right to deprive actual cognitions of certainty? I
When one examines the content of the “Declaration on Christian Education” issued by the Second Vatican Council and the Circular Letter “the Catholic School” published two years ago, one sees that the Catholic Church aims at a modernization of Catholic education. The change becomes particularly evident if these two documents are compared to the Encyclical on Christian Education by Pius XI (1929). U
It is a characteristic of art in Japan that there are two styles of painting, Japanese and Western. In nurturing their sense of beauty, Japanese have been influenced both by their indigenous artistic culture and by the expression and way of pursuing beauty on the part of foreign arts. This is particularly true in public art education in Japan, which imported a great many ideas of western painting
The pedagogy of Durkheim is here interpreted under the concept of socialization. This, however, has been frequently criticized as an interpretation limiting education to a function of conservative maintenance of the status quo. This paper examines the validity of such criticism. It is clear that Durkheim subjectively included in his idea of socialization the formation of a critical subject and the
教育実践は大人と子どものあいだの関係や大人の子どもに与える影響と不可避的に結びついている普遍的かつ必然的現象である。教育実践についての考察であるペダゴジーは、それゆえいろいろな仕方においてとくに教師の体験する諸問題や失敗を通して早くから成立した。これに対して教育現象に関する科学的研究がみられるようになったのはずっと後になってからであり、それはごく最近のことにすぎない。しかしながらその発達は≪教育諸科学≫ les sciences de l'éducationの世界的な登場としてあらわれている。以下に、フランスではどのような情況からこの科学が勃興したのか、そしてこの科学の主要目的は何であるかについて明らかにしよう。
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the process of becoming an Educater Socrates, who was a student of Nature. Socrates criticized the theory of Anaxagoras. This suggests that in his study of Nature, Socrates holds a new idea which contains problems of man, and also overcomes the situation of sophism. But on the way, knowing the Delphic oracle, he stopped the study of Nature and devoted himsel
This paper follows after The Meaning of “kyo”, (Studies in the Philosophy of Education No. 38, 1978), intending to clarify the meaning of kyo-iku, a lexical equivalent word to education. Through examining all 24 cases of iku in the Four Classical Chinese Books and the Five Chinese Classics, the author finds that only one case means “bringing up” a child by parents. Majority of the cases doesn't gi
現代、青少年にさまざまな不徳、犯罪行為が続出し、しかもそれらが日増しに兇悪化し、低年齢層に浸透しつづけている。これらの原因にはいろいろのものがあり、従ってその対策にも多様なものがある。しかし一番大きな根本の原因は、青少年を教育する大人たち、--学校教師、家庭の父母、社会の大人たちとりわけ政治家たち--が抱く自由の概念のあいまいさ、誤まり、根拠のない楽観論にあると思う。 つまり終戦以後三十年余にわたって、われわれ大人が、それが間違いなく正しいものとして教えられ、かつ青少年に教えつづけてきた、あの自由の概念が、なんの吟味も根拠もなしに安売りされ、受売りされて、熱病のようにまず教育する側のわれわれ大人に伝染し、ついで教育される青少年に広く拡がって行ったのである。こうして一億総べて悪性自由病に感染している。 現代に見られる青少年のいろいろな問題行為は、けっきょくこの自由病の現われ、発作に他ならぬ。
“The Thought of Martin Buber, A Centenary Conference : 1878~1978.” について
In accordance with the trend of the development of natural science during the 17th century a tendency appeared during the 18th and 19th century of applying the method of natural science also to the field of pedagogy. In West Germany the method of positive scientific research was introduced in the 1960es as “empirical-ana-lytic science”. During the 70es a group of German educational scholars who or
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) As is well known, interest in words used in daily conversation is increasing in the world of Anglo-saxon philosophy (including philosophy of education). This intellectual interest may very much look like a troublesome discussion; but in so far as the interest in words is an essential condition for philosophizing, there is no fu
Peter Kamm Paul Häberlin, Leben und Werk Bd. I. Die Lehr- und Wanderjahr, 1977 Schweizer Spiegel Verlag. Komissionsverlag Ott Verlag Thun
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) Nakamura Masanao, a confucianist who experienced the encounter with Western civilization, promoted the study of “the Western Law of Morality” (Saikoku no Kyoho) in order to accomplish the task of educating the nation by “reforming the character of the people”. This paper is an attempt to examine the basic structure of his “Law
From Pestalozzi's own statement that he was very much interested in law and education, we can judge that in order to understand his pedagogy more deeply, it is necessary to study its basis, i.e. its political and social context. It was the French Revolution which made him study politics and society. Pestalozzi, realizing that the revolution broke out because the people were deprived of liberty and
In order to arrive at a truly scientific pedagogy, it is necessary first to determine precisely the aim of such a science furthermore on the basis of this to realise clearly its proper research object, next as in other sciences, to apply distinct research methods which may be divided into theoretical, positive, experimental, historical and other methods as may be the case. But as a matter of fact,
In connection with the establishing of the foundation of a science of education, the attempt was made in West Germany to arrive at a theoretical basis from the various types of “critical theory” of the Frankfort School in the sixties, and it is assumed that in the seventies this current forms a tendency in the research on educational science. This type of educational research is generally called “
Questions and doubts about the scientific nature of pedagogy are as old as the history of pedagogy and are at the center of pedagogy even now. This may be due to the fact that educational reality and the educational situation form a non-technical complex entity which ist not sufficiently explained by means of a technical model construed and controlled in a semi-logical fashion. Therefore the fact
A thought of education can be regarded as a three-layer structure : 1. the ultimate, unanalyzable value preconceptions which cannot be tested and confirmed by intersubjectively available procedures of our world of experience, 2. the network of concepts as intermediate ideational constructs, 3. the individual, close-to-perception facts, which are data for our purposive educational actions. The task
Über Barbarei und Kultur is an unfinished manuscript and gives the impression of being a continuation of one of Pestalozzi's main works, the Nachforschungen (1797). But despite the fact that it is an unfinished manuscript, it is an important work which cannot be overlooked because it contains many views which may be regarded as further developments of the Nachforschungen. In this paper the author
This paper attempts to interpret the views of Jaspers on Sollen, and thus to arrive at a deeper insight into moral education. Jaspers distinguishes the objective Sollen in the common sense from the “Existen tial Sollen”. The former becomes rigid and cannot fulfil a lifelike function. On the other hand, the Existence, in the particular historical situation in which it is located, and when it acts f
Emerson's transcendentalism requires throughout as ideal image an individual self-content and self-respecting. This claim is strongly reflected also in his view on education (the child), it aims at a point where it becomes a “postulate” of perfect “respect for the child”, and the purpose of this paper is to examine the nature and the basis of that “postulate”. From the fact that Emerson's view of
In contemporary Germany a lively discussion is carried on about the scientific nature (Wissenschaftscharakter) of pedagogy. Against (1) the hermeneutic method (Hermeneutik) which was ruling hitherto in the educational world, since the 1950s, (2) the method of an empirical science (Erfahrungswissenschaft) influenced by English and American positivistic educational research and (3) the method of soc
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the theoretical origins of the intuition didactics of common mass education which are at the center of modern pedagogy and didactics of which Comenius is a typical representative. The view is taken here that the origins are not to be sought in the Renaissance or the Reformation, but rather in the educational thought of the Renaissance utopians ; hence Th
“Goodness” is understood as a signal expressing the simultaneous satisfaction of the 4 needs of “reciprocity”, “effectiveness”, “unreservedness”, “beauty” with which all men are equally endowed : this is an interpretation of “goodness” suggested in this paper. If this proposition is valid, it follows that education, i.e. the endeavour to make the child “good”, must concentrate on activating this s
Theodor Litt is well known as a cultural philosopher and as a cultural educationist, but if we turn to his works published after World War II, we notice that his interest expanded so as to include not only the human and cultural world, but also the world of nature. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relation between nature and man from the viewpoint of man's “becoming self” (Selbstwerden)
Defining “goodness” we may say “goodness” is a word as a symbol for the structural actions of some of mechanism with which man is internally endowed. The structural operation with which man is internally endowed, is some type of activity which requires simultaneous fulfilment of the four needs of “reciprocity”, “usefulness”, “non-contradiction” and “beauty” ; when these function can be judged temp
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Martinus J. Langeveld : Erziehungskunde und Wirklichkeit. Studien und Gedanken zur Theorie und Praxis der Erziehung. (Georg Westermann Verlag, Braunschweig, 1971)
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Wolfgang Brezinka, Die Pädagogik der Neuen Linken. Suttgart : Seewald Verlag. 2. Aufl. 1973. 66 pp.
The most fundamental characteristic of Dewey's educational theory is that all through it runs the theme of the restauration of the mutual close relationship between formal school education and social life, and that thus it endeavors to turn the school into an efficient organ for the intellectual formation and reconstruction of child experience. The aim of this paper is to examine more closely this
In all enunciations concerning education, the terms “good” or “not good” are very frequently used, in fact statements on education cannot be made without reference to these concepts. Thus it is obvious that attention in educational research should be directed toward a closer examination of the term or the concept of goodness. However, in fact, this kind of attention is lacking among present-day re
Jaspers interprets education in the true sense as a combination of transmission of tradition and the possibility of developing into a self-existence. He finds real substance in the tradition, substance in this context being understood as the nature of the spiritual world producing the spiritual foundations of man, i. e. the thought mode, the faith mode and the life mode. Accordingly, his education
Ideally speaking, morality and art are very closely related to each other, have many aspects in common and ultimately form a harmonious unity. In reality, however, morality and art frequently face mutual opposition, conflict and clash. This is so because morality and art do not remain faithful to their original nature. The most desirable fundamental relation between morality and art is the standpo
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吾が国教育思想の伝統を考察するにあたっては、吾が国公教育制度の基本的体制が確立した明治期の教育思想の発展の跡を辿りながら、それの底流にある本質的なるもの乃至永遠なるものを捉らえ来って、それを吾が国教育の現代的状況や未来的展望との関わりにおいて現代化するための歴史的基盤を提示することが、重要な探究課題であると考えられる。ところで明治初年の教育は、周知の如く明治元年の「学舎制」やそれに続く「皇漠学両学所規則」にも明らかなように、漠土・西洋の学を皇道の羽翼とする皇道主義の立場に発する.その後昭和五年の「学事奨勧に関する被仰出書」や「学制」の公布を基礎とし、明治十二年の「日本教育令」においてひとまず完結点に達すると同時に、同十二年の「教学大旨」に発して、皇道主義・儒学主義・洋学主義の葛藤による幾多の迂余曲折を経ながら、明治二十三年の「教育勅語」の制定に至って、明治期教育思想発展の一応の完成点に到達
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This paper discusses the fundamental pedagogical theory (i. e. the cultural pedagogical thought) of Spranger in the twenties. The theory of cultural pedagogy combines through its copncet of culture the individual viewpoint with the social viewpoint and while contrasting the peculiar nature of education with cultural creativity, determines education as an act of cultural production, as such distinc
There are theories attempting to interpret Kant's “Pedagogy” as a product of his enlightenment philosophy trying to separate it from his critical philosophy (e. g. Sukeichi Shinohara, “Oshu Kyoiku Tetsugakushi” (History of Western Educational Thought)). The contention of this paper sustained by an examination of the principle of the twofold division which Kant adopted in his “Pedagogy” is that thi
The concept of “democracy” which was inherent in the republicanism of Thonas Jefferson (1743-1826) at the time of independence and most of all in his educational thought, had at its basis a strong belief in “reason” and “morality” of man who possesses the right of “self-government” as a natural right, and it included originally some kind of moral meaning. According to Jefferson the function of pub
D. Vandenberg : Being and Education, An Essay in Existential Phenomenology.(Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1971)
Wolfgang Brezinka : Von der Pänagogik zur Erziehungswissenschaft. Eine Einführung in die Metatheorie der Erziehung. Weinheim : Beltz 1971.
「諸科学の教育科学への寄与」という多面的かつ総合的なテーマを掲げて開催された国際教育研究推進協会International association for the advancement of educational researchパリ会議 (一九七三・九・三~七) は、大半の参加者が仏語圏研究者であった理由から、現代フランス教育学研究の動向を知るにも好個の機会であった。フランスの教育学研究については以前よりその傾向の益々科学的なることに注目していたが、ここでその判断を再確認すると共に、其の後の見聞を通して一つの概観を得たように思われるので、教育哲学研究の今後のあり方を考えるという意味を含めて、ここに総括してみたい。
この小論は、ヤスパースにおいて人間がいかにとらえられているかということを、実存的自由を中心として解明しょうとしている。 ところで、ある哲学者、思想家において人間がいかに理解されているかという問題は、人間存在を哲学の対象とする哲学的人間学との関係とかかわらざるをえない。しかし、そうした哲学的人間学との関連という問題はこの小論の範囲をこえている。 さらに、この小論が取り上げるヤスパースの哲学における人間理解という問題の背後には、もちろん、彼の哲学思想をわがものとすることによってそれを根底として教育人間学を構想とするという意図が秘んでいる。しかし、この小論は、そこまでの具体化をさらに将来の問題として残している。ただ、最後に論じられる職業の選択ということのうちには、教育人間学への具体化の一つの手掛りが存しているであろう。 以上のような意図のもとに、ヤスパースにおいて人間はいかにとらえられているかに
In this paper the principle of the awakening in education is examined which Spranger discussed when he was advanced in age. First, the problem is taken up what precisely has to be awakened in the educand and there as the locus of the personality were identified what has been called the conscience (das Gewissen), the soul (die Seele) and the organ of interior coordination (der innere Regulator). Se
Hermut Schelsky : Schule und Erziehung in der industriellen Gesellschaft. Werkbund-Verlag Würzburg, 1967.
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Online ISSN : 1884-1783 Print ISSN : 0387-3153 ISSN-L : 0387-3153
What is man - this question of anthropology is by no means an arbitrary or aimless one directed toward man, but since it is the fundamental and primary question, the author pursuing this problem by relying on Kant's philosophy intends to clarify somewhat further which problem lies at the basis of this question or must be studied necessarily in connection with it. If Kant's entire philosophy istake
The attempt is made in this paper to clarify with reference to various theories of Niemeyer, the concept of didactics in 18th century Germany concentrating on its relation to “education.” During the 18th century didactics as an educational method meant chiefly “transmission of knowledge”; Niemeyer, while folluowig this traditional interpretation, further clarifies the educational meaning of teachi
今日、「人間学」という概念は好んで使われる流行概念になっている。さまざまな個別科学がこの概念を使用するのは、この概念によってどのような形で理解された人間学であれ、個別諸科学の経験的な研究成果の人間学的な解釈を求めているのだ、ということを言い現わすためである。こうして、文化人類学 (Kulturanthropologie) と並んで、生物学的=、医学的=、社会学的=、心理学的=、および神学的人間学が確立されてきたのである。 教育科学の内部においても同じように、このような『内部的な固有の人間学』 (Binnenanthropologie) が作り出されたのである。つまり教育的人間学である。以下において、教育的人間学が哲学的人間学に対してどのような関係にあるかを概略的に指摘することにしたい。その際に、私たちは多少詳しく哲学的人間学に論及し、そこから教育的人間学のいくつかの問題に対する展望を得るこ
Though problems of Pestalozzi's language theory and his language education theory were partially touched upon in the past, they were rarely ever examined in an encompassing and systematic fashion. The purpose of this paper is to examine as one approach for analyzing Pestalozzi's language education theory as a whole this idea and in particular the meaning of the idea of education toward “expressing
The purpose of this paper is to consider, on the basis of several works about Max Scheler's Philosophische Anthropologic and Die Soziologie des Wissens published in 1920, under what characteristics in his theory modern “knowledge” is being analyzed and how this is being interpreted in view of “formation”. In his view modern “knowledge” is characterized by the fact that that the activity of man as
This paper examines the meaning of “nature” in education, taking as a point of departure educational thought centered around Locke and Rousseau. In doing so, we shall draw out the two different forms of thinking concerning the awareness of nature, and then we shall examine both the postive and the negative meaning, as well as the basic characteristics of educational thought conditioned by a nature
Formation was traditionally conceived under the relation of nature-environment based on a biological approach, in this paper an attempt is made to re-think this relation through an anthropological approach in the setting of a subject-object relation. First of all, the reason why the classic theory of formation is losing its applicability is found in the fact that the subject-object relation from t
The Idea of the Good is the highest fundamental principle in Plato's Politeia. That is to say the Politeia discusses the ideal of a state governed by the philosopher ; this philosopher is the founder of state on earth which is formed after the Idea of the Good ; he has mastered the Idea of the Good after he has learned all about it. Now what precisely is the Idea of the Good ? Because it is the hi
J. S. Mill, one of the representative English thinkers, is at the same time an important figure in the history of education. His ethical philosophy was formulated after a spiritual crisis. The system was based on the idea that theatimate sanction of morality consists in the sentiment of man, especially in his altruistic social sentiments, as a result of this theory and of his understanding of Engl
It goes without saying that Litt's perspectivism presents an important problem in regard to the anthropology of human relations. This paper discusses how, through a process of thought formation, Litt's perspectivism as it is found in his book “The Individual and Society” (Individuum und Gemeinscheft ; third edition 1926), was developed into a system. Therefore this consideration has been limited t
One of the effects which the existentialist tendency in philosophy and theology had on pedagogy during the 1920s was the doubt cast on “the possibility of education”, its obvious requisite. The only people who at that time understood this problem correctly were Griesbach and the members of the “evangelical pedagogy” school, but they were refuted and ignored by the main-stream faction of contempora
1. The background of didactic research At present the interest in didactic research in educational circles of West Germany is increasing at an extraordinary rate ; the following points may be mentioned as background to this development : (a) The problem of the chasm and the spirit of rebellion between the traditional German didactic theory and the daily school practice, together with the self-refl
Locke has been chosen as an example of the consequences of the concept of “freedom in education” in the history of thought, for this is considered one of the most fundamental concepts in modern education. Because Locke treats the theory of freedom in various areas, it is first of all necessary to establish the viewpoint for arranging and analysing these areas. The two systems of coordinate axes of
In no other period has the problem of value in education met with so much confusion as in modern times. In our search towards a solution we have turned our attention to Adam Smith. In his economic theory Smith appears to support self-love, but this is true only within historical limits. Hence the problem of the unlimited immorality of self-love remains. As a means to overcome this, Smith proposes
ヘルバルトが、特にフィヒテをやり玉にあげながら、そのIdealismusに対するRealismusを自己の理論的立場として明確化しようとしたことは周知のことである。そのことをもっともよく示すのはフィヒテの『ドイツ国民に告ぐ』 (1806-7) の批判としての『教育学とIdealismusとの関係について』 (1831-2) であるが、その他若干の作品を参考にして、ここでは、フィヒテの国民教育論にもひとつの解釈を与えながら、ヘルバルトの教育学のRealismusのありかたに立ち入ってみたい。そして、そのことを通じて、一般に近代教育思想におけるIdealismusとRealismusとの関係づけについて、若干の手がかりを得たいと思う。
In this paper an attempt is made to examine the sequence of various propositions in the pursuit of inquiry and thus to investigate patterns in the theory of inquiry in a more concrete form than was done in Dewey's “five phases”. Various propositions appear at the initial stage of inquiry because the problem can be clarified only by collecting data. In the following stage, the problem is stated in
In E. Cassirer's Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (Philosophie der symbolischen Formen) meaning constitutes reality in coexistence with the sensible. The symbolic act possesses three forms, i.e. expression, intuition and concept; the mythical as an act of expression comprehends reality as the world of quality. In contemporary intellectual life, the tendency of giving free rein to the mythical must be
Troeltsch understood the problem of “Personal spiritual formation” in terms of a normative science implying a realistic approach to histopy, i.e., as the “cultural synthesis of the modern age” and the structure of “realistic philosophy of history”. This is presented as a combination of experimental theory and aprioristic thinking, as a synthesis of real cultural values each in its turn, on the bas
In this paper an attempt is made to clarify the problem of Pestalozzi's self-confi dence and conviction as educator by examining the meaning of the “ordeal” in his life. First of all the actual event, nature, and meaning of the ordeal in his life are studied by analysing his letter of October 1, 1793, addressed to Nicolovius ; this letter is interpreted as “the confession of a believer in the mids
The importance of education is more discussed today than ever before. Nevertheless, the reform of the content of teachers' training, an integral part of education has not advanced at all. Engaged in both research and education in the field of pedagogy, the author has tried to examine critically the fundamental problems of pedagogy as such. Pedagogy as a science must first of all focus its attentio
The essential character of the spirit consists in its objectivity. Thet is, spirit is determined by the definite character of a person and thing or a situation. However, this objectivity presupposes intentionality. It is when things become the object of our conscience and ear determined in concrete that they obtain the quality of existence by resisting intentionality. By determining the object we
The nature of philosophical expression in Kierkegard's works can in one word be characterised as being “subjunctive”. The reason is that the existential transmission aims at subjectively duplicating between the real subjects knowledge through the mediation of one's own reality. This is an appeal (Appell) which aims at real self becoming subjectively engaged and differs from transmitting directly a
It can de safely said, that among the theoriste of University reform in contemporary West Germany, H. Schelsky and R. Dahrendorf develop a common reform theory. That is to say both analyse the contradiction and the gap existing between Humboldt's theory which for a long time was applied as the dominant theory of the German University and the university in its reality, and they demand a fundamental
今まで学んできたドイツ教育理論を、一度、その理論を生み出した基盤の上に立って見なおしてみたい、特にその際、それを理論と実践との関連において把えてみたい、そのためには、単に伝統に生きているところよりも、むしろ伝統をうちにはらみながら近代化のなかに揺れ動いているところの方がいいのではないか。これが、私が留学の地にハンブルグを選んだ一つの理由でした。この点ハンブルグは、自由ハンザ同盟以来の古い歴史的伝統と、アルスター湖およびエルベ河に象徴される自然の美とを誇り、それらを保護し、生かしながら、そのなかに若々しく活動する近代商業都市として形成されており、私の念願にかなっていたことになります。そこで、大学に出席するかたわら、できるだけ多くこの地の教育の現実に膚でふれてみたいと、つとめて各種の学校や教育施設を視察しています。 しかし、ハンブルグを選んだより大きな理由は、この大学に、かのSpranger,
Drechsler took self-realization by placing reflection in its center. But in this there is no self-realization in its original sense. On the contrary, Jaspers whom Drechsler misinterprets speaks of self-realization in its original meaning. He interprets the original self as potential existence (mogliche Existenz), which by its decision earns its existence or not. Moreover, this potential existence
Generally, the purpose of education is said to be the formation of the “good” man. If this is so, it is, first of all, necessary to know what the “good” man is. At one time, Bertrand Russell, under the influence of G. E. Moore, thought that “good” could not be defined. But then he saw that love is the potent contents of “good”. With Russell love is a concept which transcends the search for both kn
A. N. Whitehead contends in his “Universities and their Function” that the special function of the university is to impart knowledge imaginatively. In this essay, therefore, I tried to explain his “function of teaching knowledge imaginatively” in the context of his metaphysical cosmology. First of all, by a chronological consideration it is established that his theory of education antedates the fo
The aim of this essay is to show that Plato's educational theory of “Politeia” is based on his ontology and epistemology. With regard to “Politeia”, this has been considered by many Platonists of all ages is a treatise on “Justice”. However, I take the position that this is Plato's theory of education. Teleologically it is “Justice” (δικαλιοσυγη), methodologically it is “Education” (παιδεια), but
Statements about man possess either a descriptive or an emotive meaning. Therefore when taken only in their emotive meaning, the scientific information of the descriptive meaning, indispensable for educational practice will be absent. The principal task of education which is not limited to the study of man, is to understand and distinguish these two meanings, in other words to distinguish facts an
Man can by vital self-denial, control his instincts and sublimate them into cultural activity. But the spirit by itself has no power. In order to obtain at least a minimum measure of strength the instinct suppression must be added. However, the spirit does not first come into existence by instinct suppression. The spirit has autonomy and roots of its own. The spirit while dealing with the organism
“Education for reality” is the effort to form a real spiritual link between the subjective self and the objective other. In this case we must first criticize the phenomenological view of man which deals partially with only one side of reality. “Education for reality” is related to the traditional concept of education and must extend to the harmonious concept of man based on the Greek idea of the c
Creativity consists in the healthy active nature of the human personality as such and the possibility to develop it is common to all men. The end of education is the development of creativity. Creative education consists in establishing a psychological bond between the creative educator and the educand, and on the basis of this, to draw out the creative potential which lies hidden within the child
Humboldt, representative of the new humanism, approached the formation of man liberated from pre-modern social bonds from two sides : first under the aspect of individual formation (=Bildung) resulting from the interaction between man and his environment ; secondly by looking at the problem from the viewpoint of the education (=Erziehung) of the individual as a member of modern society thus raisin
当稿は現代フランスの教育哲学者、教育史家として評価されているルネ・ユベールRené Hubert (一八八五~一九五四) の教育理論において、その理論構造の基盤となっている人間観を、思想史的立場からではなく、むしろ人間それ自体を探究することに主眼をおいて考察したものである。ユベールが教育にこそその実現化の仕事を託した「人間の使命」la destinée de l'hommeに幾分なりと近ずいてみることがねらいである。 ユベールは大学教授並びに学者、即ち「思索の人」l'homme de réflexionとしての生涯を、ほとんど教育問題にささげた。戦前の著作のうち教育学的に特に注目されるのは、一九三八年に出された『道徳論叙説』Esquisse d'une doctrine de la moralité.Vrin. Parisであるが、戦後ストラスブール大学区長官recteur de l'Un
Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) believed that man and man's history should develop as a system of balance and mutual restraint between Hebraism and Hellenism. Convinced that 19th century Europe should be ruled by Hellenism, he judged that as a result of the assault on the natural order during his day England would face a catastrophy. To save England he made an effort to propagate hellenistic culture in
Even before O. F. Bollnow pointed it out, it was clear that the problem of educational anthropology, especially in the German speaking world for the last ten or more years, has become the center of discussion in the educational world. Among others the first volume Bildsamkeit und Bestimmung (1966) of Heinrich Roth's great two-volume work Pädagogische Anthropologie has, ever since its publication b
Education is growth. The aim of education is nothing but further growth. The aim of education is the process of growth as such. Such and similar expressions indicate the characteristics of Dewey's educational thought. In such statements it is implied that education is not merely a preparation for the future but also values the process of living itself. Naturally this realisation requires of the li
The strongest determining factor regarding the problem of peace is the power of politics. Peace in a political sense is maintained by the balance of power. The function of education in regard to peace is not as direct a one as the function of political power, rather it must advance to the level of a decisive reform of man as such. It is well known that Pestalozzi in his “Nachforschungen” describes
Suggestions were made many times concerning the view that educational content must be centered on the structure of each teaching subject, and furthermore, that the course of studies of each subject must conform to the structure of each subject. However, several problems remain to be examined in this connection. Bruner maintains that the aim of education is the transmission and creation of culture
Emerson appeared on the scene of American social and cultural history not as a representative of educational philosophy but as a great thinker of the New England school of transcendental thought. While he is the author of an essay “Education”, the foundations of his thought must be sought in the development of his ideas which are to be found in his representative works as a philospher of transcend
According to Russell the aim of education is the important task of improving human nature and by doing so to reform society. However, in fact, education is frequently used by political power and the child is easily turned into a tool for political purposes. Russell called this “education as a political weapon” and analysed the structure of nationalism hidden therein. Indeed, nationalism is of a ho
Among those who are in favour of reviving, maintaining or further developing the scientific dignity of pedagoics, no one reflecting on this matter will refuse to take recourse to G.F. Herbart. However, Herbart's pedagogy since the criticism voiced by P. Natorp until today has been continuously criticised. As a consequence Herbart's pedagogy in general tends to be considered as a “dead” pedagogy be
Dewey interprets thinking as an isolated individual affair. While recognizing this, a “patternization” of some kind is sought and the clue for doing so is taken from the proposition. Thinking can be considered a motion or a change of a situation. Hence, we thought that if it were possible to clarify the connection between situation and proposition, a pattern of thinking could be established throug
In the back of Martin Buber's theory, which aims at the reconstruction of humanity and forms a new image of man through the theory of existential dialogue between “I-you”, the race problem always remains an unsolved question. During the Nazi period in Germany he inspired the Jews with self-conssiousness and pride mainly by means of adult education, and after the immigration to Israel he endeavored
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of the educational theory of the older Natorp by analyzing the meaning of “insight” which forms the ultimate principle of his philosophy of education. Hence the origin and development of his concept of “insight” which he first organized into a system during the latter period of his philosophical thinking is examined and at the same time t
Educational history, in contrast to general history, is studied as a special history; but in the sense that it presents the history of education which as such has cultivated the human mind which in turn forms general history, it possesses also a universal scope clarifying the very foundations of general history. In that connection Christopher Dawson's view on education in his The Crisis of Western
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) Only a few years ago it seemed that a basic refom of the “Humboldt-University” was not to be expected. The idea of the traditional German University seemed able even in our modern technico-scientific society to hold its own as the guiding pattern for the modern university. Although the Wissenschaftsrat, founded in 1957, neither
The statement, “All men are equal” is neither the expression of a simple, intuitive truth, nor an empirical generalisation, nor is it an emotional expression of the oppressed. As one possible approach to the complex area of equality in education, the author by means of an analysis of the concept of equality has first examined the problem of justification of the principle of equality expressed by t
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) Various plans for reforming and streamlining the system of secondary education in England carried out on the basis of the Butler Act since the forties must be evaluated within the framework of the British type of welfare state structure. Appraising from this viewpoint the entire educational process as tripartite, i. e. consisti
メタデータをダウンロード RIS形式 (EndNote、Reference Manager、ProCite、RefWorksとの互換性あり) The expansion of educational opportunities and the increase of interest in education in recent years is called “the education explosion”. Some of the underlying causes, particularly in regard to upper secondary education will be described below. The first factor explaining the unprecedented growth of education is the democratiz
In his Self-Understanding of Pedagogical Science in the Present Age (Das Selbstverständnis der Erziehungswissenschaft in der Gegenwart, 1958), Wilhelm Flitner has defined the fundamental characteristic of pedagogy as science as 'hermeneutic and pragmatic'. This attitude maybe interpreted as belonging to that of so-called 'world in-between' (Zwischen-welt), where the factual empirical is so to spea
There are two aims in this article. The first is to examine the significance of Karl Jaspers's 'philosophy of communication' in the context of the European intellectual tradition. According to Jaspers, the crisis of the modern existence is due to the disintegration of the dualistic principle which has been the basis of the whole European thought and culture. That is to say, European philosophy has
Existentialism is essentially an expression of a spiritual movement originating in a deep doubt and reflection upon the modern predicament of man. The radically new idea of man it presents is often fundamentally contradictory to traditional interpretations of human nature, and it compels us to reexamine our own view of humanity in a completely new light. Naturally it also comples us to reconsider
The purpose of this paper is to expound Thomas Aquinas's theory of 'the acquisition of knowledge' (acquisitio scientiae), paying particular attention to his treatise on a teacher, De Magistro. Thomas gives two things as the prerequisites for the acquisition of knowledg -'the light of active intellect' (lumen intellectus agentis) and 'principles' (principia)- and discusses them in relation to the '
(1) The achievements of the recent studies of the New Testament have shown that it is after all possible, though still with some reservations, to approach 'the historical Jesus'. Among his historical activities was included a duty or function as a teacher. (2) Jesus had an aspect as an 'Israelite rabbi', he was 'one sent from God' to teach, and to lead people to, 'the way of God' and 'the way of T
Three school laws in East Germany form the landmarks of educational reform in this part of Germany. The first, the “Gesetz zur Demokratisierung der deutschen Schule, ” was passed in 1946, the second, the “Gesetz über die sozialistische Entwicklung des Schulwesens” in 1959 and the third, the “Gesetz über das einheitliche sozialistische Bildungswesen” in 1965. The educational reform thus initiated i
First, the author points out, and considers the meaning of, the differences discernible between two of his books Dare The School Bulid, A New Social Order?, The John Day Company, (1932) and Education And The Founda lions Of Human Freedom, Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, (1962), under the items : (1) the notion of reality, as conceived in them, (2) the notion of values, (3) traditional elements and inno
Plato's Respublica, one of the representative works in Greek educational thought, was succeeded and developed by Aristotle, especially in his Ethica Nicoinachea and Politica. According to Aristotle, man's whole intellectual activity can be divided into three classes : Poiesis, praxts and theoria. What is most remarkable in his discussion of the first of these, poiesis, is that he justly recognizes
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