Philip Wadler Call-by-value is dual to call-by-name Philip Wadler. International Conference on Functional Programming, August 2003. The rules of classical logic may be formulated in pairs corresponding to De Morgan duals: rules about "and" are dual to rules about "or". A line of work, including that of Filinski (1989), Griffin (1990), Parigot (1992), Danos, Joinet, and Schellinx (1995), Selinger (