We Love You, TypeScriptFor nearly five years now, Motion has operated in a large TypeScript monorepo. At its peak, it was roughly ~2.5 million lines of code after excluding comments, node_modules, etc. To manage this, we used Vercel’s rather excellent Turborepo build system. This is not a blog post hating on TypeScript — quite the opposite! Motion would likely not even have survived until today wi
Rewriting the Ruby parser
At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
Announcing Dart 3
Hello from Google I/O 2023. Today, live from Mountain View, we’re announcing Dart 3 — the largest Dart release to date! Dart 3 contains three major advancements. First, we’ve completed the journey to 100% sound null safety. Second, we’ve added major new language features for records, patterns, and class modifiers. Third, we’re giving a preview of the future, where we broaden our platform support w
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
You’ve reached computer programming nirvana. Your journey has led you down many paths, including believing that God wrote the universe in LISP, but now the truth is clear in your mind: every problem can be solved by writing one more compiler. It’s true. Even our soon-to-be artificially intelligent overlords are nothing but compilers, just as the legends foretold. That smart contract you’ve been wr
Zig in 30 minutes
test.md A half-hour to learn Zig This is inspired by https://fasterthanli.me/blog/2020/a-half-hour-to-learn-rust/ Basics the command zig run my_code.zig will compile and immediately run your Zig program. Each of these cells contains a zig program that you can try to run (some of them contain compile-time errors that you can comment out to play with) You'll want to declare a main() function to get
The Go Programming Language and Environment – Communications of the ACM
Go is a programming language created at Google in late 2007 and released as open source in November 2009. Since then, it has operated as a public project, with contributions from thousands of individuals and dozens of companies. Go has become a popular language for building cloud infrastructure: Docker, a Linux container manager, and Kubernetes, a container deployment system, are core cloud techno
Note: this article is available as an ebook and as a printed book for easier reading Introduction What is this? When I was first learning Go, I already knew several other programming languages. But after reading an introductory book and the language specification I felt like I really didn’t know enough about Go to use it for real world work. I felt I’d probably need to fall into many traps before
This past May, I started a new job working in Rust. I was somewhat skeptical of Rust for a while, but it turns out, it really is all it’s cracked up to be. As a long-time C++ programmer, and C++ instructor, I am convinced that Rust is better than C++ in all of C++’s application space, that for any new programming project where C++ would make sense as the programming language, Rust would make more
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
Faster virtual machines: Speeding up programming language execution - Mort's Ramblings
Date: 2023-01-15 Git: https://gitlab.com/mort96/blog/blob/published/content/00000-home/00015-fast-interpreters.md In this post, I hope to explore how interpreters are often implemented, what a "virtual machine" means in this context, and how to make them faster. Note: This post will contain a lot of C source code. Most of it is fairly simple C which should be easy to follow, but some familiarity w
Rust Language Cheat Sheet 26. August 2021 Contains clickable links to The Book , Rust by Example , Std Docs , Nomicon , Reference . Data Structures Data types and memory locations defined via keywords. Example Explanation struct S {} Define a struct with named fields. struct S { x: T } Define struct with named field x of type T. struct S (T); Define "tupled" struct with numbered field .0 of type
A professional programmer delivers value through the authoring and maintaining of software that solves problems. (There are other important ways for professional programmers to deliver value but this post is about programming.) Programmers rely on various tools to author software. Arguably the most important and consequential choice of tool is the programming language. In this post, I will articul
Rust in Perspective
We are discussing and working toward adding the language Rust as a second implementation language in the Linux kernel. A year ago Jake Edge made an excellent summary of the discussions so far on Rust for the Linux kernel and we (or rather Miguel and Wedson) have made further progress since then. For the record I think this is overall a good idea and worth a try. I wanted to add some background tha
C# at Google Style Guide
C# at Google Style Guide This style guide is for C# code developed internally at Google, and is the default style for C# code at Google. It makes stylistic choices that conform to other languages at Google, such as Google C++ style and Google Java style. Formatting guidelines Naming rules Naming rules follow Microsoft’s C# naming guidelines. Where Microsoft’s naming guidelines are unspecified (e.g
Two Years of OCaml
The other day I saw this post on OCaml discussed in Hacker News and Lobsters. Almost two years ago I rewrote the Austral compiler from Standard ML to OCaml, so I thought I’d share my thoughts on OCaml after using it in writing a complex software project, explaining what is good and what is bad and how it compares mainly to Haskell. If this seems overwhelmingly negative, it’s because the things OCa
Why APL is a language worth knowing
“A language that doesn't affect the way you think about programming, is not worth knowing.”, by Alan J. Perlis. Why APL is a language worth knowing Alan Perlis, the computer scientist recipient of the first Turing award, wrote “A language that doesn't affect the way you think about programming, is not worth knowing.” ― Alan J. Perlis, 1982. Special feature: Epigrams on programming. ACM Sigplan Not
1. Getting started Welcome to Koka – a strongly typed functional-style language with effect types and handlers. Why Koka? A Tour of Koka Install Discussion forum Github Libraries Note: Koka v3 is a research language that is currently under development and not ready for production use. Nevertheless, the language is stable and the compiler implements the full specification. The main things lacking a
Funny Programming Languages
January 19, 2023 Funny Programming Languages One of the weirdest and most wonderful things about people is that they can make a joke out of anything. For any human discipline there's people making jokes about that discipline. In programming, that starts with memes like "how do I exit vim" (as typified in places like r/programmerhumor), or funny examples of awful code (such as from TheDailyWTF).1 T
Here is a list of common JavaScript interview questions with detailed answers to help you prepare for the interview as a JavaScript developer. JavaScript continues to be a cornerstone of web development, powering dynamic and interactive experiences across the web. As the language evolves, so does the complexity and scope of interview questions for JavaScript developers. Whether you’re a fresher de
ScalaTest
Using matchers ScalaTest provides a domain specific language (DSL) for expressing assertions in tests using the word should. Just mix in should.Matchers, like this: import org.scalatest.flatspec._ import org.scalatest.matchers.should._ class ExampleSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers { ... You can alternatively import the members of the trait, a technique particularly useful when you want to tr
Renato Athaydes
Revisiting Prechelt’s paper and follow-ups comparing Java, Lisp, C/C++ and scripting languages A discussion on programming languages' impact on productivity and program efficiency. In 1999, Lutz Prechelt published a seminal article on the COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM (October 1999/Vol. 42, No. 10) called Comparing Java vs. C/C++ Efficiency Differences to Interpersonal Differences, henceforth Java VS
Zig mascot Zero the ZiguanaCompile-time computing was pioneered by the Lisp programming language in the 1960s. Compile-time computing means that the code you later compile isn’t just what you wrote down. What you compile later is also code that is “written” by your code. Code generating code. While a common feature in dynamically typed languages such as Lisp and Julia, it has been rare in statical
This page has two purposes: to describe how to implement computer language interpreters in general, and in particular to build an interpreter for most of the Scheme dialect of Lisp using Python 3 as the implementation language. I call my language and interpreter Lispy (lis.py). Years ago, I showed how to write a semi-practical Scheme interpreter Java and in in Common Lisp). This time around the go
Python Interview Questions
Here is a list of common Python interview questions with detailed answers to help you prepare for the interview as a Python developer. Python, with its versatile use cases and straightforward syntax, has seen its popularity growing continuously in software development, data science, artificial intelligence, and many other fields. As such, interviews for Python-related positions are designed not on
Sketch of a Post-ORM
I’ve been writing a lot of database access code as of late. It’s frustrating that in 2023, my choices are still to either write all of the boilerplate by hand, or hand all database access over to some inscrutable “agile” ORM that will become a crippling liability in the 2-3y timescale. This post is about how I want to use databases, from the perspective of an application server developer—not a DBA
Last month the V8 team published an excellent blog post on what they call the V8 Sandbox. This isn’t a sandbox for your JavaScript code — it’s intended to mitigate browser exploits caused by bugs in the JIT compiler itself. That’s important work because they report that most Chrome exploits start with a V8 memory safety bug. V8 is written in C++, so it may seem like these are the sort of bugs you’
2022 has seen many languages created to rival C++. Lucian Radu Teodorescu reports on the current state of the art. C++ is a peculiar programming language. It is one of the most used programming languages, and yet it is one of the most criticised. According to TIOBE index [TIOBE22], for 30 years, C++ has been in the top 4 programming languages (using a 12-month average). See also Figure 1 (the TIOB
Summary Enable JavaDoc documentation comments to be written in Markdown rather than solely in a mixture of HTML and JavaDoc @-tags. Goals Make API documentation comments easier to write and easier to read in source form by introducing the ability to use Markdown syntax in documentation comments, alongside HTML elements and JavaDoc tags. Do not adversely affect the interpretation of existing docume
Django for Startup Founders: A better software architecture for SaaS startups and consumer apps
In an ideal world, startups would be easy. We'd run our idea by some potential customers, build the product, and then immediately ride that sweet exponential growth curve off into early retirement. Of course it doesn't actually work like that. Not even a little. In real life, even startups that go on to become billion-dollar companies typically go through phases like: Having little or no growth fo
C++ safety, in context
Scope. To talk about C++’s current safety problems and solutions well, I need to include the context of the broad landscape of security and safety threats facing all software. I chair the ISO C++ standards committee and I work for Microsoft, but these are my personal opinions and I hope they will invite more dialog across programming language and security communities. Acknowledgments. Many thanks
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Moving off of TypeScript
Implementing Logic Programming
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
The life and times of an Abstract Syntax Tree
Darker Corners of Go – Rytis Biel
Sayonara, C++, and hello to Rust!
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
https://cheats.rs/rust_cheat_sheet.pdf
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Rust is for Professionals
The Koka Programming Language
JavaScript Interview Questions
What Makes the Zig Programming Language Unique?
(How to Write a (Lisp) Interpreter (in Python))
Writing Truly Memory Safe JIT Compilers
The Year of C++ Successor Languages
JEP 467: Markdown Documentation Comments