// Good: choose between two options as appropriate (see below). import * as ng from '@angular/core'; import {Foo} from './foo'; // Only when needed: default imports. import Button from 'Button'; // Sometimes needed to import libraries for their side effects: import 'jasmine'; import '@polymer/paper-button'; Import paths TypeScript code must use paths to import other TypeScript code. Paths may be r
Introducing Ezno
Ezno is an experimental compiler I have been working on and off for a while. In short, it is a JavaScript compiler featuring checking, correctness and performance for building full-stack (rendering on the client and server) websites. This post is just an overview of some of the features I have been working on which I think are quite cool as well an overview on the project philosophy ;) It is still
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
What is TypeScriptTypeScript is a popular JavaScript superset created by Microsoft that brings a type system on top of all the flexibility and dynamic programming capabilities of JavaScript. The language has been built as an open-source project, licensed under the Apache License 2.0, has a very active and vibrant community, and has taken off significantly since its original inception. Installing T
We are excited to announce the release of the new version of Prettier! We have made the migration to using ECMAScript Modules for all our source code. This change has significantly improved the development experience for the Prettier team. Please rest assured that when using Prettier as a library, you can still use it as CommonJS as well. This update comes with several breaking changes. One notabl
Turing Machines
ALAN M. TURING 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954 F | | P(T) R P(u) R P(r) R P(i) R P(n) R P(g) R P( ) R P(M) R P(a) R P(c) R P(h) R P(i) R P(n) R P(e) R P(s) R -> B B | | L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) -> F 2024-12-20 Translations: English, Spanish In 1928, David Hilbert, one of the most influential mathematicians of his time, aske
All JavaScript and TypeScript Features of the last 3 years
TypeScript as envisioned by Stable DiffusionThis article goes through almost all of the changes of the last 3 years (and some from earlier) in JavaScript / ECMAScript and TypeScript . Not all of the following features will be relevant to you or even practical, but they should instead serve to show what’s possible and to deepen your understanding of these languages. There are a lot of TypeScript fe
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Published: 06 August 2025 at 22:20 UTC Updated: 12 August 2025 at 09:50 UTC Abstract Upstream HTTP/1.1 is inherently insecure and regularly exposes millions of websites to hostile takeover. Six years of attempted mitigations have hidden the issue, but failed to fix it. This paper introduces several novel classes of HTTP desync attack capable of mass compromise of user credentials. These techniques
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
syntaxdesign
One of the most recognizable features of a languages is its syntax. What are some of the things about syntax that matter? What questions might you ask if you were creating a syntax for your own language? Motivation A programming language gives us a way structure our thoughts. Each program, has a kind of internal structure, for example: How can we capture this structure? One way is directly, via pi
Today we’re excited to announce the release of TypeScript 5.5! If you’re not familiar with TypeScript, it’s a language that builds on top of JavaScript by making it possible to declare and describe types. Writing types in our code allows us to explain intent and have other tools check our code to catch mistakes like typos, issues with null and undefined, and more. Types also power TypeScript’s edi
Introduction HTML, the programming language, is a practical, turing-complete[1], stack-based programming language based on HTML, the markup language. It uses elements defined in HTML, the markup language, in order to do computations. To give you a sense of what HTML, the programming langauge, looks like, below is a sample program that prints the values from 1 to 10 to standard out (console.log) A
Today we are excited to announce the availability of TypeScript 5.5 Beta. To get started using the beta, you can get it through NuGet, or through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@beta Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.5! Inferred Type Predicates Control Flow Narrowing for Constant Indexed Accesses Type Imports in JSDoc Regular Expression Syntax Checking Iso
One of the most highly anticipated PC games of the year Cities: Skylines 2 was released last week to a mixed reception. My impression is that gameplay and simulation-wise it seems to be a step in the right direction, and at least on paper the game seems more well-rounded in terms of features than the original was at launch. There are however significant issues with the game, ranging from balance p
Today we are excited to announce the availability of the release candidate of TypeScript 5.5. To get started using the RC, you can get it through NuGet, or through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@rc Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.5! Inferred Type Predicates Control Flow Narrowing for Constant Indexed Accesses Type Imports in JSDoc Regular Expression Syn
Grant Handy
Written 2023-02-24Learn about simple ray casting and discover some fun math by creating a tiny 2KB game with Rust & WebAssembly. IntroductionOn first glance, making a first person game without an engine or a graphics API seems like an almost impossible task. In this post I'll show you how to do that using a simple variant of a method called ray casting. My goal here is to show how something that l
Why async Rust?
Async/await syntax in Rust was initially released to much fanfare and excitement. To quote Hacker News at the time: This is going to open the flood gates. I am sure lot of people were just waiting for this moment for Rust adoption. I for one was definitely in this boat. Also, this has all the goodness: open-source, high quality engineering, design in open, large contributors to a complex piece of
This article was discussed on Hacker News. This is a continuation of my last post on how to write a tree-sitter grammar in an afternoon. Building on the grammar we wrote, now we’re going to write a linter for Imp, and it’s even easier! The final result clocks in less than 60 SLOC and can be found here. Recall that tree-sitter is an incremental parser generator. That is, you give it a description o
In Praise of dhh
In Praise of dhh November 8, 2025 | #tech #politics A reflection on Ruby’s past, present, and future. This is a long essay. I strongly recommend you read it from the beginning, but to help navigate it I have created this table of contents. Prologue The Past How I Learned To Love Ruby A Breath Of Fresh Air A Shared Worldview The Present Tragedy Strikes Recent Conflict In The Community Strength and
Tree-Shaking: A Reference Guide — Smashing Magazine
Since its early days, JavaScript programs have grown in complexity and the number of tasks they perform. The need to compartmentalize such tasks into closed scopes of execution became apparent. “Tree-shaking” is a must-have performance optimization when bundling JavaScript. In this article, we dive deeper on how exactly it works and how specs and practice intertwine to make bundles leaner and more
Summary Introduce virtual threads to the Java Platform. Virtual threads are lightweight threads that dramatically reduce the effort of writing, maintaining, and observing high-throughput concurrent applications. This is a preview API. Goals Enable server applications written in the simple thread-per-request style to scale with near-optimal hardware utilization. Enable existing code that uses the j
We've talked quite a bit about linting in the past two posts of this series, so I thought it's time to give eslint the proper limelight it deserves. Overall eslint is so flexible, that you can even swap out the parser for a completely different one. That's not a rare scenario either as with the rise of JSX and TypeScript that is frequently done. Enriched by a healthy ecosystem of plugins and prese
prompts.chat
Welcome to the “Awesome ChatGPT Prompts” repository! While this collection was originally created for ChatGPT, these prompts work great with other AI models like Claude, Gemini, Hugging Face Chat, Llama, Mistral, and more. ChatGPT is a web interface created by OpenAI that provides access to their GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models. The underlying models, like GPT-4o and GPT-o
V Language Review (2022)
V is a programming language promising to be “Simple, fast, safe, compiled. For developing maintainable software.” V has a controversial past but what is the state of V in 2022? Is V worth checking out? In this post, we’ll take a look at V as it exists in May 2022. TLDR Read the summary Rules of engagement I’ll be using the current version of V built from git which is 50ab2cfd1ae02d4f4280f38c60b8db
This past May, I started a new job working in Rust. I was somewhat skeptical of Rust for a while, but it turns out, it really is all it’s cracked up to be. As a long-time C++ programmer, and C++ instructor, I am convinced that Rust is better than C++ in all of C++’s application space, that for any new programming project where C++ would make sense as the programming language, Rust would make more
Rust Programming Language Tutorial – How to Build a To-Do List App
By Claudio Restifo Since its first open-source release in 2015, the Rust programming language has gained a lot of attention from the community. It's also been voted the most loved programming language on StackOverflow's developer survey each year since 2016. Rust was designed by Mozilla and is considered a system programming language (like C or C++). It has no garbage collector, which makes its pe
research!rsc: Programming Language Memory Models (Memory Models, Part 2)
Programming language memory models answer the question of what behaviors parallel programs can rely on to share memory between their threads. For example, consider this program in a C-like language, where both x and done start out zeroed. // Thread 1 // Thread 2 x = 1; while(done == 0) { /* loop */ } done = 1; print(x); The program attempts to send a message in x from thread 1 to thread 2, using d
In this article I’m putting together my quotes, thoughts and notes on the idea that Frameworks harm the maintainability of the software you build in that framework. I’m proposing that Frameworks: are harming maintainability, but not deliberate. have different goals than you or your team. make trade-offs that harm maintainability of the projects built in them. are designed to take your project host
go command - cmd/go - Go Packages
Go is a tool for managing Go source code. Usage: go <command> [arguments] The commands are: bug start a bug report build compile packages and dependencies clean remove object files and cached files doc show documentation for package or symbol env print Go environment information fix update packages to use new APIs fmt gofmt (reformat) package sources generate generate Go files by processing source
Faster virtual machines: Speeding up programming language execution - Mort's Ramblings
Date: 2023-01-15 Git: https://gitlab.com/mort96/blog/blob/published/content/00000-home/00015-fast-interpreters.md In this post, I hope to explore how interpreters are often implemented, what a "virtual machine" means in this context, and how to make them faster. Note: This post will contain a lot of C source code. Most of it is fairly simple C which should be easy to follow, but some familiarity w
Compiling a subset of JavaScript to ARM assembly in Haskell - Micah Cantor
A toy compiler for a subset of JavaScript to ARM assembly, using Haskell. Published: May 29, 2022 I recently got a copy of the book Compiling to Assembly from Scratch by Vladamir Keleshev, which details how to write a compiler for a subset of JavaScript to 32-bit ARM assembly code. The choice to use ARM assembly is mainly for its simplicity in comparison to x86. Keleshev elects to use TypeScript t
A professional programmer delivers value through the authoring and maintaining of software that solves problems. (There are other important ways for professional programmers to deliver value but this post is about programming.) Programmers rely on various tools to author software. Arguably the most important and consequential choice of tool is the programming language. In this post, I will articul
Plan 9 Desktop Guide
PLAN 9 DESKTOP GUIDE INDEX What is Plan 9? Limitations and Workarounds Connecting to Other Systems VNC RDP SSH 9P Other methods Porting Applications Emulating other Operating Systems Virtualizing other Operating Systems Basics Window Management Copy Pasting Essential Programs Manipulating Text in the Terminal Acme - The Do It All Application Multiple Workspaces Tiling Windows Plumbing System Admin
// Good: choose between two options as appropriate (see below). import * as ng from '@angular/core'; import {Foo} from './foo'; // Only when needed: default imports. import Button from 'Button'; // Sometimes needed to import libraries for their side effects: import 'jasmine'; import '@polymer/paper-button'; Import paths TypeScript code must use paths to import other TypeScript code. Paths may be r
Show navigation Starting with v8.8, V8 ships with a new experimental non-backtracking RegExp engine (in addition to the existing Irregexp engine) which guarantees execution in linear time with respect to the size of the subject string. The experimental engine is available behind the feature flags mentioned below. Runtime of /(a*)*b/.exec('a'.repeat(n)) for n ≤ 100Here’s how you can configure the n
Rust in Perspective
We are discussing and working toward adding the language Rust as a second implementation language in the Linux kernel. A year ago Jake Edge made an excellent summary of the discussions so far on Rust for the Linux kernel and we (or rather Miguel and Wedson) have made further progress since then. For the record I think this is overall a good idea and worth a try. I wanted to add some background tha
Over the past decade, my work has centred on partnering with teams to build ambitious products for the web across both desktop and mobile. This has provided a ring-side seat to a sweeping variety of teams, products, and technology stacks across more than 100 engagements. While I'd like to be spending most of this time working through improvements to web APIs, the majority of time spent with partne
Computers aren’t random. On the contrary, hardware designers work very hard to make sure computers run every program the same way every time. So when a program does need random numbers, that requires extra effort. Traditionally, computer scientists and programming languages have distinguished between two different kinds of random numbers: statistical and cryptographic randomness. In Go, those are
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Google TypeScript Style Guide
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Working With TypeScript: A Practical Guide for Developers
Prettier 3.0: Hello, ECMAScript Modules! · Prettier
HTTP/1.1 must die: the desync endgame
Announcing TypeScript 5.5 - TypeScript
HTML: The Programming Language
Announcing TypeScript 5.5 Beta - TypeScript
Why Cities: Skylines 2 performs poorly
Announcing TypeScript 5.5 RC - TypeScript
How to write a linter using tree-sitter in an hour
JEP 425: Virtual Threads (Preview)
Speeding up the JavaScript ecosystem - eslint
Sayonara, C++, and hello to Rust!
Using a Framework will harm the maintenance of your software
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Rust is for Professionals
Google TypeScript Style Guide
An additional non-backtracking RegExp engine · V8
If Not React, Then What? - Infrequently Noted
Secure Randomness in Go 1.22 - The Go Programming Language