// Good: choose between two options as appropriate (see below). import * as ng from '@angular/core'; import {Foo} from './foo'; // Only when needed: default imports. import Button from 'Button'; // Sometimes needed to import libraries for their side effects: import 'jasmine'; import '@polymer/paper-button'; Import paths TypeScript code must use paths to import other TypeScript code. Paths may be r
Developers are increasingly relying on AI coding assistants to accelerate our daily workflows. These tools can autocomplete functions, suggest bug fixes, and even generate entire modules or MVPs. Yet, as many of us have learned, the quality of the AI’s output depends largely on the quality of the prompt you provide. In other words, prompt engineering has become an essential skill. A poorly phrased
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How modern browsers work
Note: For those eager to dive deep into how browsers work, an excellent resource is Browser Engineering by Pavel Panchekha and Chris Harrelson (available at browser.engineering). Please do check it out. This article is an overview of how browsers work. Web developers often treat the browser as a black box that magically transforms HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into interactive web applications. In tru
In this post I’ll walk through the full implementation of a Virtual DOM in a bit over 200 lines of JavaScript. The result is a full-featured and sufficiently performant virtual DOM library (demos). It’s available on NPM as the smvc package. The main goal is to illustrate the fundamental technique behind tools like React. React, Vue and the Elm language all simplify the creation of interactive web
All JavaScript and TypeScript Features of the last 3 years
TypeScript as envisioned by Stable DiffusionThis article goes through almost all of the changes of the last 3 years (and some from earlier) in JavaScript / ECMAScript and TypeScript . Not all of the following features will be relevant to you or even practical, but they should instead serve to show what’s possible and to deepen your understanding of these languages. There are a lot of TypeScript fe
Today we’re excited to announce the release of TypeScript 5.6! If you’re not familiar with TypeScript, it’s a language that builds on top of JavaScript by adding syntax for types. Types describe the shapes we expect of our variables, parameters, and functions, and the TypeScript type-checker can help catch issues like typos, missing properties, and bad function calls before we even run our code. T
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Welcome to WWDC25! We’ve got lots of exciting announcements about web technology to share with you this week. Don’t miss our seven sessions, including What’s new in Safari and WebKit. Today brings the beta of Safari 26, with 67 new features and 107 improvements. We’ll take a tour of them all in this article. But first — Safari 26? Where is Safari 19? You might have seen today during the WWDC25 Key
Comprehensive guide to JavaScript performance analysis using Chrome DevTools
Comprehensive guide to JavaScript performance analysis using Chrome DevTools Let's see how to navigate the Chrome Devtools Performance tab to effectively analyse and improve the performance of your JavaScript while avoiding common errors. Our use case will be improving the rendering FPS of a real-world canvas library. A few weeks ago a colleague of mine and I were looking at the canvas engine comp
How a simple Linux kernel memory corruption bug can lead to complete system compromise
In this case, reallocating the object as one of those three types didn't seem to me like a nice way forward (although it should be possible to exploit this somehow with some effort, e.g. by using count.counter to corrupt the buf field of seq_file). Also, some systems might be using the slab_nomerge kernel command line flag, which disables this merging behavior. Another approach that I didn't look
Building data-centric apps with a reactive relational database
Building apps is too hard. Even skilled programmers who don’t specialize in app development struggle to build simple interactive tools. We think that a lot of what makes app development hard is managing state: reacting and propagating changes as the user takes actions. We’re exploring a new way to manage data in apps by storing all app state—including the state of the UI—in a single reactive datab
Against SQL
TLDR The relational model is great: A shared universal data model allows cooperation between programs written in many different languages, running on different machines and with different lifespans. Normalization allows updating data without worrying about forgetting to update derived data. Physical data independence allows changing data-structures and query plans without having to change all of y
GitHub - endojs/Jessie: Tiny subset of JavaScript for ocap-safe universal mobile code
This document is an early draft. Comments appreciated! Thanks. Today, JavaScript is the pervasive representation for (somewhat) safe mobile code. For another representation to achieve universality quickly, it must be a subset of JavaScript, and so runs at least everywhere JavaScript runs. Whereas JSON is a simple universal representation for safe mobile data, Jessie is a simple universal represent
I’m a fairly frequent Hacker News lurker, especially when I have some other important task that I’m avoiding. I normally head to the Active page (lots of comments, good for procrastination) and pick a nice long discussion thread to browse. So over time I’ve ended up with a good sense of what topics come up a lot. “The Bay Area is too expensive.” “There are too many JavaScript frameworks.” “Bootcam
We've talked quite a bit about linting in the past two posts of this series, so I thought it's time to give eslint the proper limelight it deserves. Overall eslint is so flexible, that you can even swap out the parser for a completely different one. That's not a rare scenario either as with the rise of JSX and TypeScript that is frequently done. Enriched by a healthy ecosystem of plugins and prese
Advanced React in the Wild
Advanced React in the WildProduction Case Studies from Ambitious Web Projects (2022–2025) Introduction React and Next.js have powered some of the web’s most ambitious projects in the last few years. In this period, teams have pushed the envelope on performance (achieving dramatic gains in Core Web Vitals like LCP and the new INP metric), balanced server-side and client-side rendering trade-offs, d
Toggle dark mode Add WebAssembly, get performance. Is that how it really works? The incredibly unsatisfying answer is: It depends. It depends on oh-so-many factors, and I’ll be touching on some of them here. Why am I doing this? (You can skip this) I really like AssemblyScript (full disclosure: I am one of their backers). It’s a very young language with a small but passionate team that built a cus
Rust Programming Language Tutorial – How to Build a To-Do List App
By Claudio Restifo Since its first open-source release in 2015, the Rust programming language has gained a lot of attention from the community. It's also been voted the most loved programming language on StackOverflow's developer survey each year since 2016. Rust was designed by Mozilla and is considered a system programming language (like C or C++). It has no garbage collector, which makes its pe
Introduction: Density Is King (With a Tiny VM) I've previously come to the conclusion that there's little reason for using bytecode in the modern world, except in order to get more compact code, for which it can be very effective. So, what kind of a bytecode engine will give you more compact code? Suppose I want a bytecode interpreter for a very small programming environment, specifically to minim
// Good: choose between two options as appropriate (see below). import * as ng from '@angular/core'; import {Foo} from './foo'; // Only when needed: default imports. import Button from 'Button'; // Sometimes needed to import libraries for their side effects: import 'jasmine'; import '@polymer/paper-button'; Import paths TypeScript code must use paths to import other TypeScript code. Paths may be r
Range over function types is a new language feature in the Go 1.23 release. This blog post will explain why we are adding this new feature, what exactly it is, and how to use it. Why? Since Go 1.18 we’ve had the ability to write new generic container types in Go. For example, let’s consider this very simple Set type, a generic type implemented on top of a map. // Set holds a set of elements. type
Concurrency is not very intuitive. You need to train your brain to consider what happens when multiple processes execute a certain code block at the same time. There are several issues I often encounter: Failing to recognize potential concurrency issues: It's not uncommon for both beginner and seasoned developers to completely miss a potential concurrency problem. When this happens, and the concur
WebKit Features in Safari 26.0
We’re happy to share with you what’s arriving in Safari 26.0! It includes big exciting new features, many important improvements, and lots of attention to detail. We can’t wait to see what you do with Anchor Positioning, Scroll-driven animations, High Dynamic Range images, the new HTML <model> element, the all-new Digital Credentials API, SVG icon support, WebGPU, WebKit in SwiftUI, and much, much
Today we are excited to announce the availability of TypeScript 5.6 Beta. To get started using the beta, you can get it through NuGet, or through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@beta Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.6! Disallowed Nullish and Truthy Checks Iterator Helper Methods Strict Builtin Iterator Checks (and --strictBuiltinIteratorReturn) Support fo
I've been using Nim for about 1-2 years now, and I believe the language is undervalued. It's not perfect, of course, but it's pleasant to write and read. My personal website uses Nim. After reading a recent article on Nim ("Why Nim") and the associated HN comments, it's clear that comments and some information about Nim are misleading and outdated. Since Nim 2, a tracing Garbage Collector is not t
How Rolldown Works: Symbol Linking, CJS/ESM Resolution, and Export Analysis Explained
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Bloom Filters - Much, much more than a space efficient hashmap! | Ben E. C. Boyter
Bloom Filters - Much, much more than a space efficient hashmap! 2020/12/10 (2440 words) A bloom filter is one of those data structures you are probably already aware of, or have at least heard about. For those looking for a simple recap, they are a probabilistic data structure which can be used to determine if something is in a set or not, giving a slight chance of returning a false positive resul
The Path To Awesome CSS Easing With The linear() Function — Smashing Magazine
With the new CSS linear() easing function on the horizon, the possibilities of what we can do to create natural-feeling animations and transitions in the future are greatly expanded. Jhey Tompkins looks at the current state of CSS easing in this article and demonstrates what we can expect from linear(), including handy tools to get your hands on it today. To paraphrase a saying that has always stu
Python behind the scenes #12: how async/await works in Python
Mark functions as async. Call them with await. All of a sudden, your program becomes asynchronous – it can do useful things while it waits for other things, such as I/O operations, to complete. Code written in the async/await style looks like regular synchronous code but works very differently. To understand how it works, one should be familiar with many non-trivial concepts including concurrency,
A History of Clojure
71 A History of Clojure RICH HICKEY, Cognitect, Inc., USA Shepherd: Mira Mezini, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany Clojure was designed to be a general-purpose, practical functional language, suitable for use by professionals wherever its host language, e.g., Java, would be. Initially designed in 2005 and released in 2007, Clojure is a dialect of Lisp, but is not a direct descendant of any
Lazygit Turns 5: Musings on Git, TUIs, and Open Source This post is brought to you by my sponsors. If you would like to support me, consider becoming a sponsor Lazygit, the world’s coolest terminal UI for git, was released to the world on August 5 2018, five years ago today. I say released but I really mean discovered, because I had taken a few stabs at publicising it in the weeks prior which fell
The joy of recursion, immutable data, and pure functions: Generating mazes with JavaScript
This post is based on a talk I presented at Web Directions Summit, 2024. Let's start by addressing the elephant in the room. Why the heck am I talking about making mazes? Normally, I try to be practical when I'm writing or speaking. I want to give people tools they can use to make their coding lives better. So, I try to discuss things like creating DOM elements and processing JSON data. Because th
v2022: Austin Huang, Suraj Subramanian, Jonathan Sum, Khalid Almubarak, and Stella Biderman. Original: Sasha Rush. The Transformer has been on a lot of people’s minds over the last year five years. This post presents an annotated version of the paper in the form of a line-by-line implementation. It reorders and deletes some sections from the original paper and adds comments throughout. This docume
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Release date: September 11, 2025 Update 1.104.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.104.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the August 2025 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates
GitHub - ComfyUI-Workflow/awesome-comfyui: A collection of awesome custom nodes for ComfyUI
ComfyUI-Gemini_Flash_2.0_Exp (⭐+172): A ComfyUI custom node that integrates Google's Gemini Flash 2.0 Experimental model, enabling multimodal analysis of text, images, video frames, and audio directly within ComfyUI workflows. ComfyUI-ACE_Plus (⭐+115): Custom nodes for various visual generation and editing tasks using ACE_Plus FFT Model. ComfyUI-Manager (⭐+113): ComfyUI-Manager itself is also a cu
Django for Startup Founders: A better software architecture for SaaS startups and consumer apps
In an ideal world, startups would be easy. We'd run our idea by some potential customers, build the product, and then immediately ride that sweet exponential growth curve off into early retirement. Of course it doesn't actually work like that. Not even a little. In real life, even startups that go on to become billion-dollar companies typically go through phases like: Having little or no growth fo
Today we are excited to announce the availability of the release candidate of TypeScript 5.6. To get started using the RC, you can get it through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@rc Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.6! Disallowed Nullish and Truthy Checks Iterator Helper Methods Strict Builtin Iterator Checks (and --strictBuiltinIteratorReturn) Support for
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