A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
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SectorC: A C Compiler in 512 bytes SectorC (github) is a C compiler written in x86-16 assembly that fits within the 512 byte boot sector of an x86 machine. It supports a subset of C that is large enough to write real and interesting programs. It is quite likely the smallest C compiler ever written. In a base64 encoding, it looks like this: 6gUAwAdoADAfaAAgBzH/6DABPfQYdQXoJQHr8+gjAVOJP+gSALDDqluB+9
Ruby Style Guide Ruby is the main language at Shopify. We are primarily a Ruby shop and we are probably one of the largest out there. Ruby is the go-to language for new web projects and scripting. We expect all developers at Shopify to have at least a passing understanding of Ruby. It's a great language. It will make you a better developer no matter what you work in day to day. What follows is a l
Happy New Year: GPT in 500 lines of SQL - EXPLAIN EXTENDED
Translations: Russian This year, the talk of the town was AI and how it can do everything for you. I like it when someone or something does everything for me. To this end, I decided to ask ChatGPT to write my New Year's post: "Hey ChatGPT. Can you implement a large language model in SQL?" "No, SQL is not suitable for implementing large language models. SQL is a language for managing and querying d
Note: this article is available as an ebook and as a printed book for easier reading Introduction What is this? When I was first learning Go, I already knew several other programming languages. But after reading an introductory book and the language specification I felt like I really didn’t know enough about Go to use it for real world work. I felt I’d probably need to fall into many traps before
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
Rust Language Cheat Sheet 26. August 2021 Contains clickable links to The Book , Rust by Example , Std Docs , Nomicon , Reference . Data Structures Data types and memory locations defined via keywords. Example Explanation struct S {} Define a struct with named fields. struct S { x: T } Define struct with named field x of type T. struct S (T); Define "tupled" struct with numbered field .0 of type
Compiling a subset of JavaScript to ARM assembly in Haskell - Micah Cantor
A toy compiler for a subset of JavaScript to ARM assembly, using Haskell. Published: May 29, 2022 I recently got a copy of the book Compiling to Assembly from Scratch by Vladamir Keleshev, which details how to write a compiler for a subset of JavaScript to 32-bit ARM assembly code. The choice to use ARM assembly is mainly for its simplicity in comparison to x86. Keleshev elects to use TypeScript t
Introduction to Free Monads
If you’ve been around Haskell circles for a bit, you’ve probably seen the term “free monads”. This article introduces free monads and explain why they are useful in Haskell development. To whet your appetite a little, free monads are basically a way to easily get a generic pure Monad instance for any Functor. This can be rather useful in many cases when you’re dealing with tree-like structures, bu
1. Getting started Welcome to Koka – a strongly typed functional-style language with effect types and handlers. Why Koka? A Tour of Koka Install Discussion forum Github Libraries Note: Koka v3 is a research language that is currently under development and not ready for production use. Nevertheless, the language is stable and the compiler implements the full specification. The main things lacking a
ScalaTest
Using matchers ScalaTest provides a domain specific language (DSL) for expressing assertions in tests using the word should. Just mix in should.Matchers, like this: import org.scalatest.flatspec._ import org.scalatest.matchers.should._ class ExampleSpec extends AnyFlatSpec with Matchers { ... You can alternatively import the members of the trait, a technique particularly useful when you want to tr
xv6: a simple, Unix-like teaching operating system Russ Cox Frans Kaashoek Robert Morris September 6, 2021 2 Contents 1 Operating system interfaces 9 1.1 Processes and memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.2 I/O and File descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.3 Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combobulate: Structured Movement and Editing with Tree-Sitter
Combobulate: Structured Movement and Editing with Tree-Sitter Combobulate is a package that adds advanced structured editing and movement to many programming modes in Emacs. Here's how it works, and how it can enrich your editing experience in Emacs. About a year ago I released an alpha – prototype, really – version of a tool I call Combobulate. I’d been using it personally for a while before I le
Lil: A Scripting Language
Lil: A Scripting LanguageLil is part of the technology that powers Decker, a multimedia creative tool inspired by HyperCard. Decker uses Lil for adding custom behavior to decks and the widgets within. Lil is designed to be learned in layers, but it is a richly multi-paradigm language which incorporates ideas from imperative, functional, declarative, and vector-oriented languages. on mode a do # li
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Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Ruby Style Guide
Darker Corners of Go – Rytis Biel
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
https://cheats.rs/rust_cheat_sheet.pdf
The Koka Programming Language
xv6: a simple, Unix-like teaching operating system