This year in LLVM (2022)
Towards the end of last year, I switched from working on PHP at JetBrains, to working on LLVM at Red Hat. While it was already under discussion beforehand, this catalyzed the creation of the PHP foundation, which now pays multiple people to work on PHP. Special thanks for this go to Roman Pronskiy, who did most of the work to set up the foundation, and keeps it running ever since. Also a shout-out
PHP 7 Virtual Machine
14. April 2017 This article aims to provide an overview of the Zend Virtual Machine, as it is found in PHP 7. This is not a comprehensive description, but I try to cover most of the important parts, as well as some of the finer details. This description targets PHP version 7.2 (currently in development), but nearly everything also applies to PHP 7.0/7.1. However, the differences to the PHP 5.x ser
Internal value representation in PHP 7 - Part 1
05. May 2015 My last article described the improvements to the hashtable implementation that were introduced in PHP 7. This followup will take a look at the new representation of PHP values in general. Due to the amount of material to cover, the article is split in two parts: This part will describe how the zval (Zend value) implementation differs between PHP 5 and PHP 7, and also discuss the impl
PHP's new hashtable implementation
22. December 2014 About three years ago I wrote an article analyzing the memory usage of arrays in PHP 5. As part of the work on the upcoming PHP 7, large parts of the Zend Engine have been rewritten with a focus on smaller data structures requiring fewer allocations. In this article I will provide an overview of the new hashtable implementation and show why it is more efficient than the previous
Fast request routing using regular expressions
18. February 2014 Some time ago I stumbled on the Pux routing library, which claims to implement a request router that is many orders of magnitude faster than the existing solutions. In order to accomplish this, the library makes use of a PHP extension written in C. However, after a cursory look at the code I had the strong suspicion that the library was optimizing the wrong parts of the routing p
The true power of regular expressions
15. June 2012 As someone who frequents the PHP tag on StackOverflow I pretty often see questions about how to parse some particular aspect of HTML using regular expressions. A common reply to such a question is: You cannot parse HTML with regular expressions, because HTML isn’t regular. Use an XML parser instead. This statement - in the context of the question - is somewhere between very misleadin
Cooperative multitasking using coroutines (in PHP!)
Cooperative multitasking using coroutines (in PHP!) 22. December 2012 One of the large new features in PHP 5.5 will be support for generators and coroutines. Generators are already sufficiently covered by the documentation and various other blog posts (like this one or this one. Coroutines on the other hand have received relatively little attention. The reason is that coroutines are both a lot mor
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