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Why use the same tired icon sets for every single project? Follow this guide to learn how to add visual depth and intrigue to your icons and make them unique to the product they represent. authors are vetted experts in their fields and write on topics in which they have demonstrated experience. All of our content is peer reviewed and validated by Toptal experts in the same field. Why use the same
How to Set Up a Microservices Architecture in Ruby: A Step-by-Step Guide Microservices are one of the latest trends in software design. In a microservices architecture, the classic monolithic back-end is substituted by a suite of distributed services. This design allows better separation of responsibilities, easier maintenance, greater flexibility in the choice of technologies for each service, an
Toptal Design BlogThe Toptal Design Blog is a hub for advanced design studies by professional designers in the Toptal network on all facets of digital design, ranging from detailed design tutorials to in-depth coverage of new design trends, techniques, and technologies. authors are vetted experts in their fields and write on topics in which they have demonstrated experience. All of our content is
Your software isn’t fully tested until you write integration tests for it. While unit tests help ensure that functions are properly written, integration tests help ensure that the system is working properly as a whole. In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Luka Blažecki uses Node.js to explain why integration testing is important for every development platform and how to write clean, composabl
Your website is gaining traction, and you are growing rapidly. Ruby/Rails is your programming language of choice. Your team is bigger and you’ve given up on “fat models, skinny controllers” as a design style for your Rails apps. However, you still don’t want to abandon using Rails? No problem. In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Eqbal Quran explains how you can decouple and isolate your Rail
Listen to the audio version of this article Although the title UI designer suggests a departure from the traditional graphic designer, UI design is still a part of the historical tradition of the visual design discipline. With each movement or medium, the discipline has introduced new graphic languages, layouts, and design processes. Between generations, the designer has straddled the transition f
Most modern programming languages, in the hopes of enhanced maintainability and reusability of code, offer some constructs that help the developer keep the definition of behavior and its implementation separate. Swift takes the idea of interfaces a step further with protocols. With protocols and protocol extensions, Swift allows developers to enforce elaborate conformity rules without compromising
It’s also quite common to use language preprocessors such as SASS and JSX that compile to native JS and CSS, as well as JS transpilers such as Babel, to benefit from ES6 code while maintaining ES5 compatibility. This amounts to a significant number of tasks that have nothing to do with writing the logic of the web app itself. This is where task runners come in. The purpose of a task runner is to a
As a result of smartphones and mobile applications becoming so popular, web developers have been looking for ways to create mobile applications using JavaScript. This popularity resulted in the development of many JavaScript frameworks capable of running native-like applications on mobile devices. Currently, Cordova and React Native are the most popular choices. Cordova supports iOS, Android, and
It’s not uncommon to finish a website redesign project only to look back and think, “I would have done things differently if I’d known what I know today.” We’ve all been there. We get excited about a new project, banter with the client, sign contracts, and start mocking up prototypes. Life is looking good, but the project foundations are shaky. Inevitably, revisions and scope creep start sneaking
In a perfect Android world, the main language of Java is really modern, clear, and elegant. You can write less by doing more, and whenever a new feature appears, developers can use it just by increasing version in Gradle. Then while creating a very nice app, it appears fully testable, extensible, and maintainable. Our activities are not too large and complicated, we can change data sources from da
Disclaimer: This article is under review. Some of the content may be outdated. Security Security is the enemy of convenience, and vice versa. This statement is true for any system, virtual or real, from the physical house entrance to web banking platforms. Engineers are constantly trying to find the right balance for the given use case, leaning to one side or the other. Usually, when a new threat
Would you like to test your PHP code like a boss? Do you feel that basic unit tests and PHPUnit just don’t cut it anymore? If your answer to both questions is yes, you might want to try Codeception, a mature and well-documented testing framework designed to outperform PHPUnit and Behat. In this post, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Vasily Koval describes how he came to take the plunge and start
It’s not a bad time to be a Data Scientist. Serious people may find interest in you if you turn the conversation towards “Big Data”, and the rest of the party crowd will be intrigued when you mention “Artificial Intelligence” and “Machine Learning”. Even Google thinks you’re not bad, and that you’re getting even better. There are a lot of ‘smart’ algorithms that help data scientists do their wizar
First-time programmers usually start learning the trade with the classic Hello World program. From there, bigger and bigger assignments are bound to follow. Each new challenge drives home an important lesson: The bigger the project, the bigger the spaghetti. Soon, it is easy to see that in large or small teams, one cannot recklessly do as one pleases. Code must be maintained and may last for a lon
Today, writing applications in languages that compile to JavaScript is a very common practice. Scala developers, for example, can use Scala.js and have the same language for both the server and the client. That said, Scala’s compiler and standard dependency management tools are too limiting in the modern JavaScript world. In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Michele Sciabarra shows
Toptal BlogThe Toptal Blog is the top hub for developers, designers, finance experts, executives, and entrepreneurs, featuring key technology updates, tutorials, freelancer resources, and management insights.
When building smaller websites, the way developers structure their CSS code is usually not a big issue. However, when it comes to larger, more complex projects, code organization becomes crucial. In this article, Toptal Freelance Software Engineer Tomislav Matijević introduces us to BEM methodology and explains how this CSS practice can massively improve code maintainability, speed up the developm
Whether we’re using Node paired with a test framework like Mocha or Jasmine, or spinning up DOM-dependent tests in a headless browser like PhantomJS, our options for unit testing JavaScript are better now than ever. However, this doesn’t mean the code we’re testing is as easy on us as our tools are! Organizing and writing code that is easily testable takes some effort and planning, but there are a
Earlier this year, Github released Atom-Shell, the core of its famous open-source editor Atom, and renamed it to Electron for the special occasion. Electron, unlike other competitors in the category of Node.js-based desktop applications, brings its own twist to this already well-established market by combining the power of Node.js (io.js until recent releases) with the Chromium Engine to bring us
The Dependency Injection Container in Symfony2 allows components to be injected with their dependencies, and is often used as a Service Locator, which when combined with the DI-container pattern is considered to be an anti-pattern by many. In this article, Toptal engineer Vasilii Lapin shows us how you can build a simple Symfony2 application using the DI-container, but without implementing the Ser
An operating system written in Node.js? Yes, it exists, and it’s called NodeOS. Think for a second about the progress Node.js has made in the short time it’s been around. Now, imagine the same thing happening with an operating system. In this article, Toptal engineer Danny Morabito introduces us to NodeOS, guiding us with a step-by-step tutorial on how to create our first NodeOS application using
REST APIs have become a common way to establish an interface between web back-ends and front-ends, and between different web services. The simplicity of this kind of interface, and the ubiquitous support of the HTTP and HTTPS protocols across different networks and frameworks, makes it an easy choice when considering interoperability issues. Bottle is a minimalist Python web framework. It is light
Memory leaks in long running Node.js applications are like ticking time bombs that, if left unchecked in production environments, can result in devastating outcomes. These bugs are often considered to be hard to find. However, with the right tools and a strategic approach, memory leaks can not only be solved but also avoided in the future. In this article, Toptal engineer Vladyslav Millier gives u
The publish-subscribe pattern (or pub/sub, for short) is a Ruby on Rails messaging pattern where senders of messages (publishers), do not program the messages to be sent directly to specific receivers (subscribers). Instead, the programmer “publishes” messages (events), without any knowledge of any subscribers there may be. Similarly, subscribers express interest in one or more events, and only re
With the advent of tools like Docker, Linux Containers, and others, it has become super easy to isolate Linux processes into their own little system environments. This makes it possible to run a whole range of applications on a single real Linux machine and ensure no two of them can interfere with each other, without having to resort to using virtual machines. These tools have been a huge boon to
Here’s the Vulkan API in a hundred words or less: It’s a low-overhead, close-to-metal API for 3D graphics and compute applications. Vulkan is basically a follow-on to OpenGL. It was originally referred to as the “next generation OpenGL initiative,” and it includes a few bits and pieces from AMD’s Mantle API. Vulkan is supposed to provide numerous advantages over other GPU APIs, enabling superior c
KeyCode.Info allows users to press any key and instantly get the JavaScript Key or Key Code KeyboardEvent. Check out the Tool and Event List.
Editor’s note: This article was updated on 10/17/2022 by our editorial team. It has been modified to include recent sources and to align with our current editorial standards. Fully testing user interactions is notoriously difficult. Front-end views weren’t well-suited for traditional automated testing frameworks until React.js came along. With the advent of single page application (SPA) frameworks
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