k m = (m0 m1 ··· mk–1) 1 n w = (w0 w1 ··· wn–1) 2 n y = (y0 y1 ··· yn–1) q mi wi yi ∈{0 1 ··· q–1} n 0 k/n 3 P(w|y) n n k n G w = mG G 4 G GH� = 0 H wH� = 0 y d(w y) w n y t w w P (y|w) w R(w) = {x|d(x,w) ≤ t, x ∈{0, 1 ···, q–1}n } y w y dmin t 1 2 q n qn qk k n 0 5 k 1 n–k n–k+1 6 n3 n2 q {0, 1 ···, q–1} q Fq 7 8 m w y mi wi yi ∈Fq n = q–1 G H α G w = mG Fq m = (m0 m1 ··· H n n n k n k n =