ハンディキャップ原理とシグナリング理論、生物学と経済学におけるシンクロニシティ。 - Essay, dated.“It is possible to consider the handicap as a kind of test imposed on the individual. An individual with a well developed sexually selected character, is an individual which has survived a test. A female… can discriminate between a male which has passed a test and one which has not been tested.” - Zahavi “It is not difficult to see that a signal will not distinguish one applicant from another, unl
