Long-term ex vivo haematopoietic-stem-cell expansion allows nonconditioned transplantation - NatureMultipotent self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) regenerate the adult blood system after transplantation1, which is a curative therapy for numerous diseases including immunodeficiencies and leukaemias2. Although substantial effort has been applied to identifying HSC maintenance factors through the characterization of the in vivo bone-marrow HSC microenvironment or niche3,4,5, stable ex v
