Spamalytics: An Empirical Analysis of Spam Marketing Conversion Chris Kanich ∗ Christian Kreibich † Kirill Levchenko ∗ Brandon Enright ∗ Geoffrey M. Voelker∗ Vern Paxson† Stefan Savage∗ † International Computer Science Institute ∗ Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Berkeley, USA University of California, San Diego, USA christian@icir.org,vern@cs.berkeley.edu {ckanich,klevchen,voelker,savage