"James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher"は、多義語の語彙的曖昧性を巧みに表現した英文である。適切な句読点の位置を探し当て、文の意味を通らせる言葉遊びに使われる[1]。 哲学者のハンス・ライヘンバッハは、1947年、対象言語とメタ言語という異なるレベルの言語を説明するために "John where Jack …" の形でこの文を使っている[2]。 解釈[編集] 引用符と句読点を打つことにより、この文の理解は次のように簡単になる。 James, while John had had "had," had had "had had." "Had had" had had a better effect on the teacher.[3] (ジェームズ