When you type something like “google.com” into your browser and hit enter, your device must query a known recursive resolver to find google.com’s IP address. Recursive resolvers are provided by most ISPs, but resolvers like 1.1.1.1 or 8.8.8.8 exist as well. You can query a resolver manually using something like dig or dog: ❯ dig @1.1.1.1 news.ycombinator.com ; <<>> DiG 9.18.4-2-Debian <<>> @1.1.1.