Hanno SauerUtrecht University, Utrecht, NetherlandsCorrespondenceh.c.sauer@uu.nl View further author information Received 04 Jul 2021, Accepted 09 Sep 2022, Published online: 19 Sep 2022 ABSTRACTWhat credence should we assign to philosophical claims that were formed without any knowledge of the current state of the art of the philosophical debate and little or no knowledge of the relevant empirica