This past month, I have been enthralled by the Rust programming language given its unique edge for writing memory-safe, modern programs. Over the years, several languages have emerged as the most preferred by engineers to write resilient, backend software. The tides have shifted from Java/C++ into Go and Rust, which combine decades of programming language theory to build tools that are effective i
Go: A Documentary
The historical release notes may helpful for general information: doc/go1release Go Release History doc/go1prerelease Pre-Go 1 Release History doc/go0release Weekly Release History (Before Go 1) Language Design General design/go0initial Rob Pike, Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson. The Go Annotated Specification. Mar 3, 2008. design/go0spec0 The Go Programming Language. Language Specification. Mar 7,
I've found that one of the best ways to understand a new concept is to start from the very beginning. Start from a place where it doesn't exist yet and recreate it yourself, learning in the process not just how it works, but why it was designed the way it was. This isn't a practical guide to async, but hopefully some of the background knowledge it covers will help you think about asynchronous prob
Introduction to Go 1.21 The latest Go release, version 1.21, arrives six months after Go 1.20. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility; in fact, Go 1.21 improves upon that promise. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Go 1.21 introduces a small ch
Zig's New Async I/O
In the Zig Roadmap 2026 stream Andrew announced a new way of doing I/O, let’s see what are the goals of this upcoming design and how that relates to the revival of async / await in Zig. The new I/O InterfaceThe most notable change to Zig is the introduction of a new interface in charge of all I/O operations. Most importantly, the Io interface is now expected to be provided by the caller, just like
Introduction to Go 1.25 The latest Go release, version 1.25, arrives in August 2025, six months after Go 1.24. Most of its changes are in the implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Changes to the language There are no languages changes tha
Since I was unable to travel for a couple of years during the pandemic, I decided to take my new-found time and really lean into Rust. After writing over 100k lines of Rust code, I think I am starting to get a feel for the language and like every cranky engineer I have developed opinions and because this is the Internet I’m going to share them. The reason I learned Rust was to flesh out parts of t
Writing a Linux-compatible kernel in RustMay 19, 2021 TL;DR: I'm writing a Linux clone in Rust just for fun. It does NOT aim to replace the Linux kernel. For the recent months, I've been working on a new operating system kernel Kerla, written from scratch in Rust which aims to be Linux-compatible at the ABI level. In other words, support running unmodified Linux binaries! I've already implemented
Introduction to Go 1.18 The latest Go release, version 1.18, is a significant release, including changes to the language, implementation of the toolchain, runtime, and libraries. Go 1.18 arrives seven months after Go 1.17. As always, the release maintains the Go 1 promise of compatibility. We expect almost all Go programs to continue to compile and run as before. Changes to the language Generics G
This paper reflects work done in late 2022 and 2023 to audit for vulnerabilities in terminal emulators, with a focus on open source software. The results of this work were 10 CVEs against terminal emulators that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), in addition various other bugs and hardening opportunities were found. The exact context and severity of these vulnerabilities varied, but some
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Rewriting Rust
The Rust programming language feels like a first generation product. You know what I mean. Like the first iPhone - which was amazing by the way. They made an entire operating system around multitouch. A smart phone with no keyboard. And a working web browser. Within a few months, we all realised what the iPhone really wanted to be. Only, the first generation iphone wasn't quite there. It didn't ha
Introduction Some part of me has always been fascinated with coercing code to run in weird places. I scratch this itch a lot with my security research projects. These often lead me to writing shellcode to run in kernels or embedded hardware, sometimes with the only way being through an existing bug. For those not familiar, shellcode is honestly hard to describe. I don’t know if there’s a very form
AV1 is an increasingly important video format and it needs a memory safe, high performance decoder. We worked with the team at Immunant to develop rav1d. Performance is critical in this context, so we've asked Stephen Crane, CTO of Immunant, to explain their efforts in achieving performance parity. If you'd like to dig deeper, check out our recent blog post about how we ported the C AV1 decoder to
Making a micro Linux distro
Follow @popovicu94 In this article, we’ll talk about building up a tiny (micro) Linux “distribution” from scratch. This distribution really won’t do much, but it will be built from scratch. We will build the Linux kernel on our own, and write some software to package our micro-distro. Lastly, we are doing this example on the RISC-V architecture, specifically QEMU’s riscv64 virt machine. There’s ve
Unsafe Rust Is Harder Than C
Or: The Most Expensive Linked List I’ve Ever Written Some of you already know the contents of this post, especially if you’ve written embedded or unsafe code in Rust. But I didn’t, so I thought it was useful to write down my experience as accurately as I can. Without further ado… Last year, I wrote Photohash, software to help me index my NAS and find duplicate photos with rotation-independent hash
2024-11-05 1227 words, 6 minutesgotosocialnetbsdomniospkgsrcsqliteI started using GoToSocial (the fast, fun and small ActivityPub server) in 2022 on OpenBSD. Because it was nearly the only OpenBSD-native ActivityPub options at that time, because it was light and because it could use the SQLite database engine . I stopped using it when it was marked BROKEN because of incompatibilities between moder
One of Rust's notable differences from C is its requirement that all values have a defined size, which enables runtime bounds-checking and advanced static analysis tooling such as MIRI. For dynamically-sized types (DSTs) this requirement is implemented using thick pointers, such that each pointer to a dynamically-sized value is an (address, size) tuple. Thick pointers are more convenient and easie
My business card runs Linux (and Ultrix), yours can too UPDATES:: See "Version 2" Table of Contents Why?Parts selectionWhat to emulateA MIPS primerWhat system?Let's emulate!The CPUThe FPUThe MMUMMU basicsThe MIPS MMUEmulating the MMU efficientlyCommunicationHypercallsBring on the hardware!The honeymoon periodHow not to design a DMA unitClocks againSD card supportCoolness enhancementHow it worksHow
Before we dive into the topic, let me introduce you my new friend catsay, a simple Go program which eats stdin and speaks like a cat: Cute! ... but it's not what I want to talk about. What makes this screenshot very exciting is, it's a Linux lightweight virtual machine running on Starina operating system! That said, this post is not about how hard it is to write a hypervisor (see my previous post
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Rust concepts I wish I learned earlier
Learning Async Rust With Entirely Too Many Web Servers
Go 1.21 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
Go 1.25 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
Rust: A Critical Retrospective « bunnie's blog
Writing a Linux-compatible kernel in Rust
Go 1.18 Release Notes - The Go Programming Language
"�[31m"?! ANSI Terminal security in 2023 and finding 10 CVEs
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Rust on MIPS64 Windows NT 4.0
Optimizing rav1d, an AV1 Decoder in Rust
GoToSocial WASM-based SQLite driver and BSD
Rust and dynamically-sized thin pointers
LinuxCard - Dmitry.GR
Hypervisor as a Library