Discussion here and here . Call to arms for idiomatic OO code here . People bash OO a lot these days, I'm increasingly coming to the opinion they're right, at least in Python. My point here is not to argue that OO is bad per se, more that its introduction is simply unnecessary, AKA not useful. Oli's Conjecture All OO code can be refactored into equivalent non-OO code that's as easy or more easy to