5.1 2017 1 / 44 1 MCMC 2 3 (HMC) 4 5 (LMC) 6 7 2 / 44 MCMC p(x|w) (x ∈ RN , w ∈ W ⊂ Rd ) φ(w) W H(w) H(w) = − n ∑ i=1 log p(Xi|w) − 1 β log φ(w). exp(−βH(w)) = exp (∑ log p(Xi|w)β + log φ(w) ) = exp ( log ( φ(w) ∏ p(Xi|w)β )) p(w|Xn ) = 1 Zn(β) φ(w) n ∏ i=1 p(Xi|w)β = 1 Zn(β) exp(−βH(w)) H(w) (e.g. ) 3 / 44 MCMC : Ew[p(x|w)] = p∗ (x|Xn ) d = 1, 2, 3 ∫ f(w)p(w)dw ≈ 1 K K ∑ k=1 f(wk) K → ∞ {wk}K k=1