Updated February 2005 Microsoft® maintains a list of trusted third-party commercial certificate authorities to enable secure and usable e-commerce for Microsoft® Windows® users. These certificate authorities validate the identity and entitlement of an applicant, and as an output of this process, issue the applicant a digital certificate. Digital certificates can be used to prove the identity of a
![Microsoft Root Certificate Program Members](https://cdn-ak-scissors.b.st-hatena.com/image/square/d6e4cb632c7025e9f5e05fd314fbf6dcd6144e8d/height=288;version=1;width=512/https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fmedia%2Fopen-graph-image.png)