AbstractColor ignites visual experience, imbuing the world with meaning, emotion, and richness. As soon as an observer opens their eyes, they have the immediate impression of a rich, colorful experience that encompasses their entire visual world. Here, we show that this impression is surprisingly inaccurate. We used head-mounted virtual reality (VR) to place observers in immersive, dynamic real-wo

Ivan Dokmanić, Reza Parhizkar, Andreas Walther, Yue M. Lu, and Martin Vetterli aAudiovisual Communications Laboratory (LCAV), School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; andbSignals, Information, and Networks Group (SING), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138

Evidence for formation of DNA repair centers and dose-response nonlinearity in human cells Teresa Neumaier, Joel Swenson, Christopher Pham, Aris Polyzos, Alvin T. Lo, PoAn Yang, Jane Dyball, Aroumougame Asaithamby, David J. Chen, Mina J. Bissell, Stefan Thalhammer, and Sylvain V. Costes aInstitute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (

Reconciling anthropogenic climate change with observed temperature 1998–2008 Robert K. Kaufmann, Heikki Kauppi, Michael L. Mann, and James H. Stock aDepartment of Geography and Environment, Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue (Room 457), Boston, MA 02215; bDepartment of Economics, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland; and cDepartment of

AbstractThe evolutionary model escape from adaptive conflict (EAC) posits that adaptive conflict between the old and an emerging new function within a single gene could drive the fixation of gene duplication, where each duplicate can freely optimize one of the functions. Although EAC has been suggested as a common process in functional evolution, definitive cases of neofunctionalization under EAC

AbstractAccording to Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan [1651; 2008 (Touchstone, New York), English Ed], “the life of man [is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short,” and it would need powerful social institutions to establish social order. In reality, however, social cooperation can also arise spontaneously, based on local interactions rather than centralized control. The self-organization of cooperati

Identification of reptilian genes encoding hair keratin-like proteins suggests a new scenario for the evolutionary origin of hair Leopold Eckhart, Luisa Dalla Valle, Karin Jaeger, Claudia Ballaun, Sandra Szabo, Alessia Nardi, Maria Buchberger, Marcela Hermann, Lorenzo Alibardi, and Erwin Tschachler aDepartment of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; bDipartimento di Bio