Contents Command Line Interface Guidelines An open-source guide to help you write better command-line programs, taking traditional UNIX principles and updating them for the modern day. Authors Aanand Prasad Engineer at Squarespace, co-creator of Docker Compose. @aanandprasad Ben Firshman Co-creator Replicate, co-creator of Docker Compose. @bfirsh Carl Tashian Offroad Engineer at Smallstep, first e
関数名、メソッド名、変数名でよく使う英単語のまとめ
プログラミングをしていると関数名、メソッド名、変数名をどうするか悩みます。 ロジックより命名に時間を費やすこともざらにあります。翻訳したり、一般的な命名規則なのかいつも検索して大変です。 よく使うサイトの内容をコピってメモしておく 関数名とメソッド名の違いについて よく使う英単語のまえに、いつもごっちゃにして使っているけど、定義はこんな感じ 「関数」と「メソッド」の違い 似ているところ どちらも何か（引数）を入れると処理をして何か（戻り値）を返してくれます。 違うところ やってること自体は大差ありません。概念としては違います。 メソッドはオブジェクト指向で登場する用語で、オブジェクトの動作を定義したものです。 まずオブジェクトありきなのですね。一方の関数は、オブジェクト云々は関係ありません。 個人的な使い分け Java で登場する関数は「メソッド」です。C 言語で登場する関数は「関数」と呼
結婚式のエンドロールを当日作った話
結婚のお礼と報告 でちょこっと書いた結婚式エンドロールをその場で作ってみたのお話 注意事項# 結婚式のエンドロールを自作したりするには結婚式場の協力が必須です。 作り出す前に式場に必ず確認を取りましょう。 PCからそのままプロジェクトにだせばいいじゃん！と思い込むのだめです(自戒) 動機# エンドロールを式場にお願いしようと思ったら高かったので、最近のイケてるサービスとか適当にガッチャンコすれば作れると思った。 今は反省している。 全体の構成# LINE Botに参加者から画像投稿を投げてもらう S3に保存すると同時に投稿者情報をDynamoDBに保存 投稿された画像にDynamoDBの投稿者情報から名前を追記 画像を全部結合して動画化し、事前に生成したエンドロールで必要な部分を結合 式の最後に流してもらう 全体の構成はこんな感じです。 サーバーレスアーキテクチャのお勉強がてら作ろうとした
防衛省サイバーコンテスト 2025 writeup - st98 の日記帳 - コピー
2/2に12時間というちょうどよい競技時間で開催された。21時終了だったけれども、11時45分ぐらいに最速で全完して1位🎉 第1回以来4年ぶりの優勝だ。昨年大会の第4回ではヒントの閲覧数で優勝を逃してしまって悔しい思いをしたので、雪辱を果たすことができ嬉しい。開始直後からずっと1位を独走できており、450名以上のプレイヤーがいる中で圧勝だったのも嬉しい。 昨年度や一昨年度はバルクが作問を担当していたが、今回はAGESTが担当していた。これまでの問題と比較すると全体的に易化したように思うが、解くにあたって発想の大きな飛躍を必要とするいわゆる「エスパー要素」のある問題はごく一部を除いて存在しておらず*1、よかったと思う。また、昨年度・一昨年度に引き続きwriteupは公開可能というのもよかった。 戦略というほどの戦略は立てていなかったけれども、とりあえずWebを見た後は全カテゴリを上から見て
WebAssemblyを用いてBERTモデルをフロントエンドで動かす - OPTiM TECH BLOG
はじめまして。R&Dチーム所属、20.5卒の伊藤です。 普段の業務では自然言語処理と格闘していることが多いです。 今回は自然言語処理モデルとして有名なBERTをWebAssemblyを使用してフロントエンドで動かしてみた話になります。 最近、自然言語処理ライブラリとして普段お世話になっているHugging Face社のTransformersのTokenizerがRustで実装されていることを知り、それならばWebAssemblyにコンパイルして動かせるのではないかと試したみたのがきっかけです。 Tokenizerのみ動かしても実用性に乏しいため、Tokenizerから得られた結果からBERTを用いた推論をブラウザで動作させるまでを行い、備忘録がでら手順をまとめました。 どなたかの参考になれば幸いです。 8/26追記 本記事内のコードを含むリポジトリを公開しました！Dockerを使用してブ
This post is about why we need a coroutine package for Go, and what it would look like. But first, what are coroutines? Every programmer today is familiar with function calls (subroutines): F calls G, which stops F and runs G. G does its work, potentially calling and waiting for other functions, and eventually returns. When G returns, G is gone and F continues running. In this pattern, only one fu
January 30, 2023 In this post, we'll implement a GPT from scratch in just 60 lines of numpy. We'll then load the trained GPT-2 model weights released by OpenAI into our implementation and generate some text. Note: This post assumes familiarity with Python, NumPy, and some basic experience with neural networks. This implementation is for educational purposes, so it's missing lots of features/improv
Onyx, a new programming language powered by WebAssemblyLearn about Onyx, a new imperative programming language that leverages WebAssembly and Wasmer for seamless cross-platform support What is Onyx? Onyx is a new programming language featuring a modern, expressive syntax, strict type safety, blazingly-fast build times, and out-of-the-box cross platform support thanks to WebAssembly. Over the past
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
Motivation Introduction User input strace Printing non-printable stty raw -echo -isig UTF-8 Conclusion Motivation This blog series explains how modern terminals and command-line tools work. The primary goal here is to learn by experimenting. I’ll provide Linux tools to debug every component mentioned in the discussion. Our focus is to discover how things work. For the explanation of why things wor
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
This post is an account of why I prefer using the attrs library over Pydantic. I'm writing it since I am often asked this question and I want to have something concrete to link to. This is not meant to be an objective comparison of attrs and Pydantic; I'm not interested in comparing bullet points of features, nor can I be unbiased since I'm a major contributor to attrs (at time of writing, second
The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation | Datadog Security Labs
emerging threats and vulnerabilities The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation November 1, 2022 emerging vulnerability On November 1, 2022, the OpenSSL Project released a security advisory detailing a high-severity vulnerability in the OpenSSL library. Deployments of OpenSSL from 3.0.0 to 3.0.6 (included) are vulnerable and are fixed in
What's new in Python 3.11?
What's new in Python 3.11?Built-in TOML support, better exceptions, and typing improvements. By Tushar·InsightsPython The first beta release of Python 3.11 is out, bringing some fascinating features for us to tinker with. This is what you can expect to see in 2022's release of Python later this year. Even better error messagesPython 3.10 gave us better error messages in various regards, but Python
はじめての自然言語処理 Fusion-In-Decoder でクイズに答えるモデルを作る | オブジェクトの広場
今回は Fusion-In-Decoder を使ってクイズに答えるモデルを作ります。以前から Wikipedia 等の外部情報を参照できるテキスト生成モデルを試してみたいと思っていました。Fusion-In-Decoder の発表は 2020 年なので少し前のモデルですが、T5 ベースで手軽に試せるサイズ感ですので、日本語で試してみましょう。 1. はじめに 今回紹介する Fusion-In-Decoder（以下、FiD ）1 は Meta AI (当時は Facebook AI Research) が発表した Open Domain question Answering タスクを解くテキスト生成モデルです。 じつは、以前から外部情報を参照できるテキスト生成モデルを試してみたくて2、 Google の RETRO3 の論文を読んでたんです。 なのですが、外部情報のサイズ感が 1000 B
The diagram above is the compiler for the language Bolt we’ll be building. What do all the stages mean? I have to learn OCaml and C++? Wait I haven’t even heard of OCaml… Don’t worry. When I started this project 6 months ago, I had never built a compiler, nor had I used OCaml or C++ in any serious project. I’ll explain everything in due course. In this series of posts we’ll be building a proper pr
Lean for JavaScript DevelopersSeptember 2, 2025 This is my opinionated syntax primer for the Lean programming language. It is far from complete and may contain inaccuracies (I’m still learning Lean myself) but this is how I wish I was introduced to it, and what I wish was clarified. Why Lean? This post assumes you’re already eager to learn a bit of Lean. For motivation, I humbly submit to you two
My thoughts on writing a Minecraft server from scratch (in Bash) For the past year or so, I've been thinking about writing a Minecraft server in Bash as a thought excercise. I once tried that before with the Classic protocol (the one from 2009), but I quickly realized there wasn't really a way to properly parse binary data in bash. Take the following code sample: function a() { read -n 2 uwu echo
A Lisp Interpreter Implemented in Conway’s Game of Life
Lisp in Life is a Lisp interpreter implemented in Conway’s Game of Life. The entire pattern is viewable on the browser here. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time a high-level programming language was interpreted in Conway’s Game of Life. Running Lisp on the Game of Life Lisp is a language with a simple and elegant design, having an extensive ability to express sophisticated ideas as
Getting Started with Python
Python is a powerful programming language that provides many packages that we can use. Using the versatile Python programming language, we can develop the following: AutomationDesktop applicationAndroidWebIoT home automationData Science and the list goes on.In this article, our primary focus will be knowing how to start learning Python and the essentials required to be a data scientist. Below is t
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
【GROMACS】Umbrella samplingによるMD simulation 【In silico創薬】【SMD】 - LabCode
Windows 11 Home, 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700, 64 ビット オペレーティング システム、x64 ベース プロセッサ, メモリ：32GB Umbrella Samplingの概要と目的Umbrella Samplingは、分子がめったに起こさないような状態変化（たとえば、タンパク質同士が離れるなど）を詳しく調べるための計算手法です。通常の分子動力学（MD）では、エネルギー的に安定な状態にとどまりやすく、重要な変化が起こる確率が低いため、十分な情報が得られません。 たとえば、タンパク質AとBがくっついている状態から、少しずつ離れていく様子を観察したいとき、まずAとBを少しずつ引き離すSteered Molecular Dynamics（SMD）などのシミュレーションで、さまざまな距離の構造を取得します。その中から、0.5nm、0.7
PySkyWiFi: completely free, unbelievably stupid wi-fi on long-haul flights | Robert Heaton
The plane reached 10,000ft. I took out my laptop, planning to peruse the internet and maybe do a little work if I got really desperate. I connected to the in-flight wi-fi and opened my browser. The network login page demanded credit card details. I fumbled for my card, which I eventually discovered had hidden itself inside my passport. As I searched I noticed that the login page was encouraging me
Getting started What is NumPy? Installation NumPy quickstart NumPy: the absolute basics for beginners Fundamentals and usage NumPy fundamentals NumPy for MATLAB users NumPy tutorials NumPy how-tos Advanced usage and interoperability Using NumPy C-API F2PY user guide and reference manual Under-the-hood documentation for developers Interoperability with NumPy Extras Glossary Release notes 2.4.0 2.3.
Writing Pythonic Rust
Over the past several weeks I have been attempting to reimplement the API of an existing python library as a wrapper for an equivalent library in Rust. tl;dr: this ended up being much harder than I expected it to be, partly because of important differences in the behaviour of the two languages, and partly because of the (self-imposed) obligation to match an existing (idiomatic) python API. Motivat
Reading the excellent article by JeanHeyd Meneide on how broken string encoding in C/C++ is made me realise that Unicode is a topic that is often overlooked by a large number of developers. In my experience, there’s a lot of confusion and wrong expectations on what Unicode is, and what best practices to follow when dealing with strings that may contain characters outside of the ASCII range. This a
I spend an awful lot of my day in Unix terminals running shell commands. For some reason, the variance in efficiency between different people when using the shell is huge: I know people who can run rings around me, and I’ve come across more than one paid professional who doesn’t use the “up” key to retrieve the previous command. I chose that last example very deliberately: most of the commands mos
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
Follow @popovicu94 In this guide, we’ll build a very tiny Linux kernel, weighing in at 789 K, and requiring no MMU support. We’ll write some userspace code and this will be deployed on a virtual RISC-V 64-bit machine, without MMU, and we’ll run some tiny programs of our own. As a reminder, please go through the guide for a micro Linux distro to understand the concepts behind what we’re doing today
Or if the package is only meant to be run on Node.js and wants to fallback to CJS on older versions that don't have require(esm): { "type": "module", "exports": { // On new version of Node.js, both require() and import get the ESM version "module-sync": "./index.js", // On older version of Node.js, where "module-sync" and require(esm) are // not supported, use the CJS version to avoid dual-package
Plan 9 Desktop Guide
PLAN 9 DESKTOP GUIDE INDEX What is Plan 9? Limitations and Workarounds Connecting to Other Systems VNC RDP SSH 9P Other methods Porting Applications Emulating other Operating Systems Virtualizing other Operating Systems Basics Window Management Copy Pasting Essential Programs Manipulating Text in the Terminal Acme - The Do It All Application Multiple Workspaces Tiling Windows Plumbing System Admin
'Jew' or 'rabbi'"},"role":{"kind":"string","value":"assistant"},"lang":{"kind":"string","value":"en"},"review_count":{"kind":"number","value":3,"string":"3"},"review_result":{"kind":"bool","value":true,"string":"true"},"deleted":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"rank":{"kind":"number","value":1,"string":"1"},"synthetic":{"kind":"bool","value":false,"string":"false"},"model_name":{"ki
2024-10-16, Version 23.0.0 (Current), @RafaelGSS We’re excited to announce the release of Node.js 23! Key highlights include: Enabling require(esm) by default for Node.js applications Removing support for Windows 32-bit systems Stabilizing the node --run command Enhancements to the test runner, including glob pattern support for coverage files Node.js 23 will replace Node.js 22 as the ‘Current’ re
A Deep Dive into eBPF: Writing an Efficient DNS Monitoring.
eBPF / XDP is an in-kernel virtual machine, provides a high-level library, instruction set and an execution environment inside the Linux kernel. It’s used in many Linux kernel subsystems, most prominently networking, tracing, debugging and security. Including to modify the processing of packets in the kernel and also allows the programming of network devices such as SmartNICs. Use cases in eBPF im
Large Text Compression Benchmark Matt Mahoney Last update: July 3, 2025. history This competition ranks lossless data compression programs by the compressed size (including the size of the decompression program) of the first 109 bytes of the XML text dump of the English version of Wikipedia on Mar. 3, 2006. About the test data. The goal of this benchmark is not to find the best overall compressi
A mega tutorial with dozens of examples on how to use the pathlib module in Python 3 When I started learning Python, there was one thing I always had trouble with: dealing with directories and file paths! I remember the struggle to manipulate paths as strings using the os module. I was constantly looking up error messages related to improper path manipulation. The os module never felt intuitive an
Range over function types is a new language feature in the Go 1.23 release. This blog post will explain why we are adding this new feature, what exactly it is, and how to use it. Why? Since Go 1.18 we’ve had the ability to write new generic container types in Go. For example, let’s consider this very simple Set type, a generic type implemented on top of a map. // Set holds a set of elements. type
While getting my degree in Physics, I had to take classes in both MatLab and Python for scientific computing. I preferred python, where we used the SciPy and NumPy packages. In fact, I used those packages again (along with matplotlib) in an undergraduate research project simulating bacteria films. There's a catch: I was also pursuing a degree in Computer Science, and Python just wasn't fast enough
Following up from the last post, there is a lot more we need to cover. This was intended to be the post where we talk exclusively about benchmarks and numbers. But, I have unfortunately been perfectly taunted and status-locked, like a monster whose “aggro” was pulled by a tank. The reason, of course, is due to a few folks taking issue with my outright dismissal of the C and C++ APIs (and not showi
Flipping Pages: An analysis of a new Linux vulnerability in nf_tables and hardened exploitation techniques
This blogpost is the next instalment of my series of hands-on no-boilerplate vulnerability research blogposts, intended for time-travellers in the future who want to do Linux kernel vulnerability research. Specifically, I hope beginners will learn from my VR workflow and the seasoned researchers will learn from my techniques. In this blogpost, I'm discussing a bug I found in nf_tables in the Linux
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Command Line Interface Guidelines
research!rsc: Coroutines for Go
GPT in 60 Lines of NumPy | Jay Mody
Onyx, a new programming language powered by WebAssembly · Blog · Wasmer
How terminal works. Part 1: Xterm, user input
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Why I use attrs instead of pydantic
How I wrote my own "proper" programming language
Lean for JavaScript Developers — overreacted
My thoughts on writing a Minecraft server from scratch (in Bash)
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
NumPy 2.0.0 Release Notes — NumPy v2.4.dev0 Manual
Unicode is harder than you think · mcilloni's blog
Laurence Tratt: Better Shell History Search
789 KB Linux Without MMU on RISC-V
Node.js — Node.js v22.10.0 (Current)
OpenAssistant/oasst1 · Datasets at Hugging Face
Node.js — Node.js v23.0.0 (Current)
Large Text Compression Benchmark
Python pathlib Cookbook: 57+ Examples to Master It (2022)
Range Over Function Types - The Go Programming Language
Scientific Computing in Rust - aftix's dominion
cuneicode, and the Future of Text in C