Contents Command Line Interface Guidelines An open-source guide to help you write better command-line programs, taking traditional UNIX principles and updating them for the modern day. Authors Aanand Prasad Engineer at Squarespace, co-creator of Docker Compose. @aanandprasad Ben Firshman Co-creator Replicate, co-creator of Docker Compose. @bfirsh Carl Tashian Offroad Engineer at Smallstep, first e
January 30, 2023 In this post, we'll implement a GPT from scratch in just 60 lines of numpy. We'll then load the trained GPT-2 model weights released by OpenAI into our implementation and generate some text. Note: This post assumes familiarity with Python, NumPy, and some basic experience with neural networks. This implementation is for educational purposes, so it's missing lots of features/improv
I’ve been meaning to write a post about my perspective on Open Source and corporate entities. I already got the rough outline of it; however, I’m suffering from writer’s block, but more importantly, the whole post is a praise of how Shopify engages with Open Source communities. Hence, given the current climate, I don’t think I could publish it without addressing the elephant in the room first anyw
Update 1.69.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.69.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: 3-way merge editor - Resolve merge conflicts wit
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.67.1: The update addresses this security issue. Update 1.67.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the April 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Update 1.78.1: The update addresses this security issue. Update 1.78.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the April 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Accessibility improvements - Better scre
The diagram above is the compiler for the language Bolt we’ll be building. What do all the stages mean? I have to learn OCaml and C++? Wait I haven’t even heard of OCaml… Don’t worry. When I started this project 6 months ago, I had never built a compiler, nor had I used OCaml or C++ in any serious project. I’ll explain everything in due course. In this series of posts we’ll be building a proper pr
This paper reflects work done in late 2022 and 2023 to audit for vulnerabilities in terminal emulators, with a focus on open source software. The results of this work were 10 CVEs against terminal emulators that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), in addition various other bugs and hardening opportunities were found. The exact context and severity of these vulnerabilities varied, but some
今更ですが今年の2月に spaCy 3.0 が公開されました。 3.0 で導入された新機能の中で目玉と言えるのは、やはり Hugging Face Transformers (以下、単にTransformers) のサポートや PyTorch, Tensorflow との連携になるでしょう。今回はその辺りを実際に学習を動かしながら紹介したいと思います。 1. はじめに 今回は今年の2月に公開された spaCy 3.0 の話です。 spaCy は第4回でも紹介しましたが、研究者向けというよりは自然言語処理アプリ開発者向けのオープンソース自然言語処理ライブラリになります。日本語を含めた様々な言語の学習済みモデルが存在しており、 spaCy をインストールして、学習済みモデルをダウンロードするだけで、分かち書き、品詞や依存関係の推定、単語や文の類似度の判定など様々な機能を使用することができます。
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems With Language Models
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models Aitor Lewkowycz∗, Anders Andreassen†, David Dohan†, Ethan Dyer†, Henryk Michalewski†, Vinay Ramasesh†, Ambrose Slone, Cem Anil, Imanol Schlag, Theo Gutman-Solo, Yuhuai Wu, Behnam Neyshabur∗, Guy Gur-Ari∗, and Vedant Misra∗ Google Research Abstract Language models have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks that require
Update 1.86.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.86.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the January 2024 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Per-window zoom levels - Adjust the zoom leve
A Lisp Interpreter Implemented in Conway’s Game of Life
Lisp in Life is a Lisp interpreter implemented in Conway’s Game of Life. The entire pattern is viewable on the browser here. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time a high-level programming language was interpreted in Conway’s Game of Life. Running Lisp on the Game of Life Lisp is a language with a simple and elegant design, having an extensive ability to express sophisticated ideas as
Update 1.85.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.85.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the November 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Floating editor windows - Drag and drop edit
In my previous post, I wrote about system fonts and their advantages over web fonts. I encouraged a ‘system fonts first’ approach, arguing that, compared to system fonts, web fonts (a) can negatively impact performance, (b) use more data, and (c) increase your site’s energy consumption. But a web without web fonts would be a far less interesting one — maybe by using web fonts a little more respons
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Template strings, also known as t-strings, have been officially accepted as a feature in Python 3.14, which will ship in late 2025. 🎉 I'm excited; t-strings open the door to safer more flexible string processing in Python. What's the big idea with t-strings? Since they were introduced in Python 3.6, f-strings have become a very popular way to format strings. They are concise, readable, and powerf
Let’s Write a Tree-Sitter Major Mode Creating a standard programming major mode presents significant challenges, with the intricate tasks of establishing proper indentation and font highlighting being among the two hardest things to get right. It's painstaking work, and it'll quickly descend into a brawl between the font lock engine and your desire for correctness. Tree-sitter makes writing many m
Reading the excellent article by JeanHeyd Meneide on how broken string encoding in C/C++ is made me realise that Unicode is a topic that is often overlooked by a large number of developers. In my experience, there’s a lot of confusion and wrong expectations on what Unicode is, and what best practices to follow when dealing with strings that may contain characters outside of the ASCII range. This a
July 2, 2025 Volume 23, issue 3 PDF When Is WebAssembly Going to Get DOM Support? Or, how I learned to stop worrying and love glue code Daniel Ehrenberg Is WebAssembly (Wasm) really ready for production usage in web applications, even though that usage requires integration with a web page and the APIs used to manipulate it, such as the DOM? Simultaneously, the answer to this question is that "Wasm
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
vim9script4pythondevelopers.md Vim9 script for Python Developers Vim9 script�Vim script��������������������������������������������������系��� def������義����������Vim script��vim9script�����使����������(vim9script���
Renato Athaydes
Revenge of Lisp (Part 1⁄2) Background vector created by upklyak - www.freepik.com This may surprise you if you know me, but I’ve been learning Common Lisp for a few weeks now. It all started when I was reading, funnily enough, a blog post about another, much more hyped, language called Julia. The post was titled Julia and the reincarnation of Lisp, and in it the author lamented that despite his lo
Foldable Words | bit-player
Packing up the household for a recent move, I was delving into shoeboxes, photo albums, and file folders that had not been opened in decades. One of my discoveries, found in an envelope at the back of a file drawer, was the paper sleeve from a drinking straw, imprinted with a saccharine message: This flimsy slip of paper seems like an odd scrap to preserve for the ages, but when I pulled it out of
ACTINIUM targets Ukrainian organizations | Microsoft Security Blog
April 2023 update – Microsoft Threat Intelligence has shifted to a new threat actor naming taxonomy aligned around the theme of weather. ACTINIUM is now tracked as Aqua Blizzard and DEV-0586 is now tracked as Cadet Blizzard. To learn about how the new taxonomy represents the origin, unique traits, and impact of threat actors, and to get a complete mapping of threat actor names, read this blog: Mic
A professional programmer delivers value through the authoring and maintaining of software that solves problems. (There are other important ways for professional programmers to deliver value but this post is about programming.) Programmers rely on various tools to author software. Arguably the most important and consequential choice of tool is the programming language. In this post, I will articul
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.73.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the October 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Searc
Plan 9 Desktop Guide
PLAN 9 DESKTOP GUIDE INDEX What is Plan 9? Limitations and Workarounds Connecting to Other Systems VNC RDP SSH 9P Other methods Porting Applications Emulating other Operating Systems Virtualizing other Operating Systems Basics Window Management Copy Pasting Essential Programs Manipulating Text in the Terminal Acme - The Do It All Application Multiple Workspaces Tiling Windows Plumbing System Admin
Large Text Compression Benchmark Matt Mahoney Last update: July 3, 2025. history This competition ranks lossless data compression programs by the compressed size (including the size of the decompression program) of the first 109 bytes of the XML text dump of the English version of Wikipedia on Mar. 3, 2006. About the test data. The goal of this benchmark is not to find the best overall compressi
Hash functions are incredibly neat mathematical objects. They can map arbitrary data to a small fixed-size output domain such that the mapping is deterministic, yet appears to be random. This “deterministic randomness” is incredibly useful for a variety of purposes, such as hash tables, checksums, monte carlo algorithms, communication-less distributed algorithms, etc, the list goes on. In this art
Integrating Code Completion in Visual Studio Code - Strumenta
Integrating Code Completion in Visual Studio Code – With the Language Server Protocol Introduction Automatic code completion, also known as IntelliSense, is an important part of the modern software development experience. No matter if you’re a programmer writing code in a general-purpose programming language, or a business expert writing rules in some domain-specific language; your editor is incom
Primitive Recursive Functions For A Working Programmer Aug 1, 2024 Programmers on the internet often use “Turing-completeness” terminology. Typically, not being Turing-complete is extolled as a virtue or even a requirement in specific domains. I claim that most such discussions are misinformed — that not being Turing complete doesn’t actually mean what folks want it to mean, and is instead a stand
Trip report: Autumn ISO C++ standards meeting (Kona, HI, USA)
Today, the ISO C++ committee completed its second meeting of C++26, held in Kona, HI, USA. Our hosts, Standard C++ Foundation and WorldQuant, arranged for high-quality facilities for our six-day meeting from Monday through Saturday. We had over 170 attendees, about two-thirds in-person and the others remote via Zoom, formally representing 21 nations. Also, at each meeting we regularly have new att
Topic Modelling With BERTopic
Topic modelling is a common task in NLP. It's an unsupervised technique for determining what topics, which can be thought of as categories, are part of a set of documents and what topics each document is likely to be a part of. Since it's an unsupervised technique, no labels are required, meaning we do not need a predefined list of topics – rather just the text from the documents. In this article,
HTML Whitespace is Broken September 2, 2024Recently, I was working on a project which required a deeper understanding of how whitespace works in HTML. I was never a fan of HTML's whitespace behavior before as I've been burned by it a few times. But as I dug into it more deeply, I found myself discovering complex design issues that I wanted to explore in a blog post. This is partially to write down
Update 1.76.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.76.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Profiles - Active profile badge, quickly swi
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Command Line Interface Guidelines
GPT in 60 Lines of NumPy | Jay Mody
Dear Rubyists: Shopify Isn’t Your Enemy
June 2022 (version 1.69)
April 2022 (version 1.67)
Implementing Logic Programming
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
February 2021 (version 1.54)
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
April 2023 (version 1.78)
How I wrote my own "proper" programming language
"�[31m"?! ANSI Terminal security in 2023 and finding 10 CVEs
はじめての自然言語処理 spaCy 3.0 で Transformer を利用する | オブジェクトの広場
January 2024 (version 1.86)
November 2023 (version 1.85)
5 steps to faster web fonts /// Iain Bean
Let's Write a Tree-Sitter Major Mode
Unicode is harder than you think · mcilloni's blog
When Is WebAssembly Going to Get DOM Support? - ACM Queue
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
Vim9 script for Python Developers · GitHub
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Rust is for Professionals
October 2022 (version 1.73)
Large Text Compression Benchmark
Breaking CityHash64, MurmurHash2/3, wyhash, and more... | orlp.net
Primitive Recursive Functions For A Working Programmer
HTML Whitespace is Broken - Devel without a Cause
February 2023 (version 1.76)