Most readers are aware that Python is an object-oriented language. By object-oriented, we mean that Python can define classes, which bundle data and functionality into one entity. For example, we may create a class IntContainer which stores an integer and allows certain operations to be performed: def __init__(self, i): self.i = int(i) def add_one(self): self.i += 1 ic.add_one() print(ic.i) 3 This