Statistical discrimination is a theorized behavior in which group inequality arises when economic agents (consumers, workers, employers, etc.) have imperfect information about individuals they interact with.[1] According to this theory, inequality may exist and persist between demographic groups even when economic agents are rational. This is distinguished from taste-based discrimination which emp

The representativeness heuristic is used when making judgments about the probability of an event being representional in character and essence of a known prototypical event.[1] It is one of a group of heuristics (simple rules governing judgment or decision-making) proposed by psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in the early 1970s as "the degree to which [an event] (i) is similar in esse

In the United States, habitual offender laws[1] (commonly referred to as three-strikes laws) have been implemented since at least 1952,[2] and are part of the United States Justice Department's Anti-Violence Strategy.[3][4] These laws require a person who is convicted of an offense and who has one or two other previous serious convictions to serve a mandatory life sentence in prison, with or witho