Birthday attack - Wikipedia
A birthday attack is a bruteforce collision attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack can be used to abuse communication between two or more parties. The attack depends on the higher likelihood of collisions found between random attack attempts and a fixed degree of permutations (pigeonholes). Let be the number of possible values of a hash
Japanese addressing system - Wikipedia
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Japanese addressing system is used to identify a specific location in Japan. When written in Japanese characters, addresses start with the largest geogra
Dynamic programming - Wikipedia
Figure 1. Finding the shortest path in a graph using optimal substructure; a straight line indicates a single edge; a wavy line indicates a shortest path between the two vertices it connects (among other paths, not shown, sharing the same two vertices); the bold line is the overall shortest path from start to goal. Dynamic programming is both a mathematical optimization method and an algorithmic p
BackupHDDVD - Wikipedia
BackupHDDVD is a small computer software utility program available in command line and GUI versions which aids in the decryption of commercial HD DVD discs protected by the Advanced Access Content System. It is used to back up discs, often to enable playback on hardware configurations without full support for HDCP. The program's source code was posted online, but no licence information was given.
Message authentication code - Wikipedia
In cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking a message. In other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity). The MAC value allows verifiers (who also possess a secret key) to detect any chan
π-calculus - Wikipedia
In theoretical computer science, the π-calculus (or pi-calculus) is a process calculus. The π-calculus allows channel names to be communicated along the channels themselves, and in this way it is able to describe concurrent computations whose network configuration may change during the computation. The π-calculus has few terms and is a small, yet expressive language (see § Syntax). Functional prog
Geotagging - Wikipedia
Geotag information in a JPEG photo, shown by the software gThumb Geotag information stamped onto a JPEG photo by the software GPStamper Geotagger "Solmeta N2" for the Nikon D5000 DSLR Geotagging, or GeoTagging, is the process of adding geographical identification metadata to various media such as a geotagged photograph or video, websites, SMS messages, QR Codes or RSS feeds and is a form of geospa
OpenID - Wikipedia
The OpenID logo OpenID is an open standard and decentralized authentication protocol promoted by the non-profit OpenID Foundation. It allows users to be authenticated by co-operating sites (known as relying parties, or RP) using a third-party identity provider (IDP) service, eliminating the need for webmasters to provide their own ad hoc login systems, and allowing users to log in to multiple unre
Playboy Bunny - Wikipedia
This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (December 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Playboy Bunny waitresses (Kassie Lyn Logsdon, Kimberly Phillips and Jaime Faith Edmon
Bianca Ryan - Wikipedia
Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994)[1] is an American musician, singer and songwriter from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Ryan was the first winner of NBC's America's Got Talent at the age of eleven. Singing two Broadway show tunes along the way, Ryan was announced as the winner of season one on August 17. Her self-titled first album was released later in 2006, followed by two Christmas album
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Three Tales (film) - Wikipedia
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