[[toc]] ESM & CJS ESM - ECMAScript modules CJS - CommonJS In the past decade, due to the lack of a standard module system of JavaScript, CommonJS (a.k.a the require('xxx') and module.exports syntax) has been the way how Node.js and NPM packages work. Until 2015, when ECMAScript modules finally show up as the standard solution, the community start migrating to native ESM gradually. // CJS const cir