Harvard University says it can't afford journal publishers' prices
Exasperated by rising subscription costs charged by academic publishers, Harvard University has encouraged its faculty members to make their research freely available through open access journals and to resign from publications that keep articles behind paywalls. A memo from Harvard Library to the university's 2,100 teaching and research staff called for action after warning it could no longer aff
How Amazon Web Services Uses Formal Methods – Communications of the ACM
Since 2011, engineers at Amazon Web Services (AWS) have used formal specification and model checking to help solve difficult design problems in critical systems. Here, we describe our motivation and experience, what has worked well in our problem domain, and what has not. When discussing personal experience we refer to the authors by their initials. At AWS we strive to build services that are simp
Polyphasic sleep is the practice of sleeping during multiple periods over the course of 24 hours, in contrast to monophasic sleep, which is one period of sleep within 24 hours. Biphasic (or diphasic, bifurcated, or bimodal) sleep refers to two periods, while polyphasic usually means more than two.[1] Segmented sleep and divided sleep may refer to polyphasic or biphasic sleep, but may also refer to
Olivier Blanchard, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia, and Paolo Mauro, “Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy,” IMF STAFF POSITION NOTE, February 12, 2010 [PDF]
I M F S T A F F P O S I T I O N N O T E February 12, 2010 SPN/10/03 Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy Olivier Blanchard, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia, and Paolo Mauro I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F U N D INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Research Department Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy1 Prepared by Olivier Blanchard, Giovanni Dell’Ariccia, and Paolo Mauro Authorized for Distribution by Olivier Bl
[pdf]IARC Press Release N° 208: IARC CLASSIFIES RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AS POSSIBLY CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS (31 May 2011)
PRESS RELEASE N° 208 31 May 2011 IARC CLASSIFIES RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AS POSSIBLY CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS Lyon, France, May 31, 2011 ‐‐ The WHO/International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), based on an increased risk for glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer1 , associated wit
The New Methodology
In the past few years there's been a blossoming of a new style of software methodology - referred to as agile methods. Alternatively characterized as an antidote to bureaucracy or a license to hack they've stirred up interest all over the software landscape. In this essay I explore the reasons for agile methods, focusing not so much on their weight but on their adaptive nature and their people-fir
(主に英語)論文を書くために使っているツール，ウェブサイトを紹介． ☆は使用頻度． 表現・語彙検索ツール系 AntConc (Linux/Win/Mac) ☆☆☆ コンコーダンスソフト．論文のテキスト（PDF などをテキスト形式で保存）を何本もデータベースとして読ませておいて，単語，熟語などを検索する．Google Desktop（下）と似ているが，AntConc の方が検索方法を細かく指定できる．例えば，正規表現で検索したり，「単語Xと単語Yの距離がZ語以内である文」の検索など．難点は，PDF をテキストに変換して読み込ませないとダメ（もちろんデータベースの保存は可能）な点と，慣れるまでちょっと使いにくい点． Google Desktop (Linux/Win/Mac) ☆ パソコンに保存されているドキュメント類（論文など）の検索．AntConc と違って，自動的にPDFなども（テキスト
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Just-world hypothesis" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The just-world hypothesis or just-world fallacy is the cognitive bia
Wikipedia:Lists of common misspellings/For machines - Wikipedia
Generating from the Wikipedia:Lists of common misspellings list This machine-readable version of misspelled words is usually out-of-date compared to the actual listing pages for each of the individual, human-readable lists. (As of Feb. 14, 2020, there are no numbers at all in this machine-readable list, and every letter seems to have missing entries.) To generate a machine-readable list, copy/past
Why the Past 10 Years of American Life Have Been Uniquely Stupid
The story of Babel is the best metaphor I have found for what happened to America in the 2010s, and for the fractured country we now inhabit. Something went terribly wrong, very suddenly. We are disoriented, unable to speak the same language or recognize the same truth. We are cut off from one another and from the past. It’s been clear for quite a while now that red America and blue America are be
Internet phenomena are social and cultural phenomena specific to the Internet, such as Internet memes, which include popular catchphrases, images, viral videos, and jokes. When such fads and sensations occur online, they tend to grow rapidly and become more widespread because the instant communication facilitates word of mouth transmission. This list focuses on the internet phenomena that is acces
How Harmful Is Social Media?
There’s a general sense that it’s bad for society—which may be right. But studies offer surprisingly few easy answers. In April, the social psychologist Jonathan Haidt published an essay in The Atlantic in which he sought to explain, as the piece’s title had it, “Why the Past 10 Years of American Life Have Been Uniquely Stupid.” Anyone familiar with Haidt’s work in the past half decade could have
Abigail Shrier’s <em>Irreversible Damage</em>: A Wealth of Irreversible Misinformation
Abigail Shrier’s Irreversible Damage: A Wealth of Irreversible Misinformation A critical, science-based analysis of Abigail Shrier’s book Irreversible Damage. Controversy erupted here on Science-Based Medicine with a recent publication of a review of Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters by Abigail Shrier. As a family physician who provides affirmative care to transgend
Applied Computer Science: On Murder Considered As STEM Field—using information theory to quantify the magnitude of Light Yagami’s mistakes in Death Note and considering fixes In the manga Death Note, the protagonist Light Yagami is given the supernatural weapon “Death Note” which can kill anyone on demand, and begins using it to reshape the world. The genius detective L attempts to track him down
間隔反復 - Wikipedia
ライトナーシステムは、正しく答えられたカードは次の（参照頻度が少ない）箱に移し、間違えたカードは、最初の（最も参照頻度が多い）箱に戻す。 間隔反復（かんかくはんぷく、英: spaced repetition）、分散学習（ぶんさんがくしゅう、英: spaced learning）、間隔伸張法、間隔をあけた復習とは、前の学習から、その学習内容の復習までの間隔を延ばしてゆくことにより、心理学の間隔効果（英語版）を利用して効果をあげる学習技術である[1]。 この原理は多くの分野において有効であるが、間隔反復は、学習者が非常に多くの事柄を長期に記憶しなければならない分野に適用されることが多い。第二言語習得の分野での語彙の習得に、この手法が適しているのは、この分野が対象とするいわゆる開いたクラスの単語数が膨大であるからである。 研究および応用[編集] 間隔反復を利用して、学習効果を上げるという概念を提
コラム「文化経済学とは何か：芸術文化の経済分析」
はじめに 経済学者にとって、「文化」は縁遠い存在である。社会学が文化を正面から対象としているのに対して、経済学は文化を前提条件とするか、周辺的なテーマとして扱う傾向がある。もちろん、数多くの例外はある。また、「文化」を広く定義すれば、非常に多くの経済学研究があるともいえる。たとえば、著名なゲーム理論家であるルービンシュタイン（A. Rubinstein）は、『経済学と言語』（Rubinstein, 2000）というよく知られた本を書いているし、言語の経済学や宗教の経済学という分野も一応存在している。 本稿が紹介を試みるのは、狭義の文化、「芸術」を対象としてはじまった「文化経済学」（cultural economics）と呼ばれる学問である。文化経済学は、1960年頃から欧米を中心に発展したが、日本においては確立された学問分野とは言いがたく、経済学者にすら正確に理解されていない面がある。しか
Nate Silver - Wikipedia
Nathaniel Read Silver (born January 13, 1978) is an American statistician, writer, and poker player who analyzes baseball (see sabermetrics), basketball, and elections (see psephology). He is the founder of FiveThirtyEight, and held the position of editor-in-chief there, along with being a special correspondent for ABC News, until May 2023.[2] Silver was named one of the world's 100 most influenti
Publish or Perish
Explains the use of Publish or Perish and its metrics Anne-Wil Harzing - Sat 6 Feb 2016 16:10 (updated Fri 25 Aug 2023 16:24) Publish or Perish is a software program that retrieves and analyzes academic citations. It uses a variety of data sources to obtain the raw citations, then analyzes these and presents a range of citation metrics, including the number of papers, total citations and the h-ind
UAI研究会
UAI研究会 ITRCのUAI（高齢者と障害者のインターネット利用）分科会では，下記要領で研究会を開催します． 開催日： 毎月1回，原則第3土曜日 13時から5時間程度 場所： 東京女子大学9304号室（必要なら遠隔参加も可能） 研究会の目的 ウェブ・アクセシビリティに関する重要な論文をしっかり読む． 調査・研究に基づいて，ウェブ・アクセシビリティを議論・推進（リードパスを投げる）する． 若手を育てる 研究会は，論文紹介（輪講）を主とします． それ以外に，重要な事項（技術，話題など）の勉強や，企業会員の事例紹介をします． いずれにしても，研究会の成果を，査読付きのジャーナル論文及び国際会議の発表や，（産学連携の）プロジェクト予算獲得に結びつけたいと思っています．また，若手を育てるための時間も設けています． 参加方法 各研究会の発表希望者は，あらかじめ発表テーマ（論文書誌情報など）を，UAI
Graphical Models A Brief Introduction to Graphical Models and Bayesian Networks By Kevin Murphy, 1998.
A Brief Introduction to Graphical Models and Bayesian Networks By Kevin Murphy, 1998. "Graphical models are a marriage between probability theory and graph theory. They provide a natural tool for dealing with two problems that occur throughout applied mathematics and engineering -- uncertainty and complexity -- and in particular they are playing an increasingly important role in the design and ana
First published Mon Sep 10, 2007; substantive revision Thu May 4, 2023 It is not easy to say what metaphysics is. Ancient and Medieval philosophers might have said that metaphysics was, like chemistry or astrology, to be defined by its subject-matter: metaphysics was the “science” that studied “being as such” or “the first causes of things” or “things that do not change”. It is no longer possible
Converting video and audio has never been so easy. $ ffmpeg -i input.mp4 output.avi News June 2rd, 2024, native xHE-AAC decoder FFmpeg now implements a native xHE-AAC decoder. Currently, streams without (e)SBR, USAC or MPEG-H Surround are supported, which means the majority of xHE-AAC streams in use should work. Support for USAC and (e)SBR is coming soon. Work is also ongoing to improve its stabil
"Mutation analysis" redirects here. For the biological term, see Gene mutation analysis. Mutation testing (or mutation analysis or program mutation) is used to design new software tests and evaluate the quality of existing software tests. Mutation testing involves modifying a program in small ways.[1] Each mutated version is called a mutant and tests detect and reject mutants by causing the behavi
ネイチャー - Wikipedia
ネイチャー（Nature）は、イギリスのロンドンを拠点に設立された、国際的な週刊科学ジャーナルである。総合科学学術雑誌であり、科学技術を中心としたさまざまな学問分野からの査読済みの研究雑誌を掲載している。国際的な科学出版会社シュプリンガー・ネイチャーの傘下であり、米国、ヨーロッパ、アジアの各国に中核的な編集事務所が設置されている。2019 Journal Citation ReportsのScience Editionによると、世界で最も引用されている科学ジャーナルの1つであり（インパクトファクターは42.778）[1]、世界で最も読まれ、最も権威のある学術ジャーナルの1つになっている[2][3]。2012年現在、オンライン上では月に約300万のユニークアクセスがあった[4]。 雑誌名は英語で「自然」の意味。 1869年の秋に設立されたネイチャーは、科学革新のための公開フォーラムとして、ノ
1 商業施設等における「換気の悪い密閉空間」を改善するための換気について 令和 2 年３月 30 日 １ はじめに (1) 新型コロナウィルス感染症対策専門家会議の「新型コロナウィルス感染症対策の見 解」 （令和２年３月９日及び３月 19 日公表）によると、これまで集団感染が確認され た場所で共通するのは、①換気の悪い密閉空間、 ②多くの人が密集していた、③近距離 （互いに手を伸ばしたら届く距離）での会話や発声が行われたという３つの条件が同 時に重なった場合であるとしている。 (2) この見解を踏まえ、リスク要因の一つである「換気の悪い密閉空間」 を改善するため の方法について、 新型コロナウィルス厚生労働省対策本部では、 多数の人が利用する商 業施設等において、 「換気の悪い空間」に該当しないようにするためには、どのような 換気等の措置を行えば良いのかについて、有識者の意見を聴取しつつ、
"Game design is like architecture" - video game jobs described by those who do them
"Game design is like architecture" - video game jobs described by those who do them The game industry is big, but you probably knew that already. If you have ever sat through the credits of a modern triple-A game, you will know just how much work goes into these projects, just how many people are involved - pages and pages of seemingly endless names scroll by as each experience comes to a close. P
Warning: If you do not care for the finer points of x86 architecture, please stop reading right now—in the interest of your own sanity. A while ago I was made aware of a strange problem causing a normal user process running on 32-bit i386 OpenBSD 6.3 to crash the OS (i386 only, not amd64). The problem turned out to be a security hole with history that goes back more than three decades. The crashin
Our quest for robust time series forecasting at scale
by ERIC TASSONE, FARZAN ROHANI We were part of a team of data scientists in Search Infrastructure at Google that took on the task of developing robust and automatic large-scale time series forecasting for our organization. In this post, we recount how we approached the task, describing initial stakeholder needs, the business and engineering contexts in which the challenge arose, and theoretical an
Explore Banned Books For more information about Banned Books Week (last September of each year), visit http://www.ala.org/bbooks. Is a book being challenged or banned in your community? The ALA can help you do something about it. Catch-22. A Farewell to Arms. Of Mice and Men. Hailed as literary classics, it's hard to believe that there are hundreds of attempts each year to remove these and other g
オープンアクセスは被引用数を増加させるのか？ 1. オープンアクセス効果は神話か オープンアクセス（以下、OA）を支持・推進する論拠の一つとして、「OA論文は非OA論文よりも頻繁に引用される」というものがある。つまり、インターネットに接続可能であれば誰でも読むことができる論文は、オンライン上に無いあるいは契約上読むことができない論文よりも頻繁に読まれ引用される、という主張である（ここでは、これを「オープンアクセス効果（以下、OA効果）」と呼ぶことにする）。分野に関わらず研究者が電子ジャーナル（以下、EJ）で学術雑誌論文を入手するようになったこと(1)、EJの閲読可能性は所属機関の図書館の契約状況に依存しかつ機関間格差があることを考慮すれば、この主張は一見理にかなっているように思われる。 2001年にローレンス（Steve Lawrence）(2)によって初めてのこのテーマに関する論文が発
Lately, I’ve been reading articles about best practices for code reviews. I notice that these articles focus on finding bugs to the exclusion of almost every other component of a review. Communicating issues you discover in a constructive and professional way? Irrelevant! Just identify all the bugs, and the rest will take care of itself. So I had a revelation: if this works for code, why not roman
図書館員の役割はどう変化してきたか：健康科学分野を例に Cooper, I. Diane; Crum, Janet A. New Activities and changing rolls of health science librarians: a systematic review, 1990-2012. Journal of Medical Library Association. 2013, 101(4), p. 268-277. 米国医学図書館協会（MLA）の刊行するJournal of Medical Library Association誌の2013年10月号で，医学図書館等，健康科学分野においてサービスを行っているヘルスサイエンスライブラリアン（CA1659参照）の活動と役割の変化に関する論文が掲載された。この論文は，1990年から2012年に刊行された関連文献を網羅的に
When I was first introduced to Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), it was hard to look past their complexity. I didn’t understand why they were designed the way they were designed, just that they worked. It turns out that LSTMs can be understood, and that, despite their superficial complexity, LSTMs are actually based on a couple incredibly simple, even beautiful, insights into neural network
シェンカー理論 - Wikipedia
シェンカー理論（シェンカーりろん、英: Schenkerian analysis）は、オーストリアの音楽学者ハインリヒ・シェンカーが提唱した音楽理論。 代表的著作[編集] 特にアメリカで広まり、強い影響を与えた。基本理論、楽曲分析、演奏技法に大別され、以下に代表的著作を挙げる。 基本理論[編集] Harmonielehre（『和声法』） Kontrapunkt 1,2（『対位法』） Der freie Satz（『自由作曲法』） 楽曲分析[編集] Beethovens Neunte Sinfonie（『ベートーヴェン第9交響曲』） Beethovens Funfte Sinfonie（『ベートーヴェン第5交響曲の分析』：日本語訳） 演奏技法[編集] Ein Beitrag zur Ornamentik als Einfuhrung zu Ph.E.Bachs Klavierwerke（『古
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most manipulated infectious disease events in history, characterized by official lies in an unending stream lead by government bureaucracies, medical associations, medical boards, the media, and international agencies.[3,6,57] We have witnessed a long list of unprecedented intrusions into medical practice, including attacks on medical experts, destruction of med
How to do distributed locking — Martin Kleppmann’s blog
Published by Martin Kleppmann on 08 Feb 2016. As part of the research for my book, I came across an algorithm called Redlock on the Redis website. The algorithm claims to implement fault-tolerant distributed locks (or rather, leases [1]) on top of Redis, and the page asks for feedback from people who are into distributed systems. The algorithm instinctively set off some alarm bells in the back of
Talk at Bellcore, 7 March 1986 The title of my talk is "You and Your Research." It is not about managing research, it is about how you individually do your research. I could give a talk on the other subject � but it's not, it's about you. I'm not talking about ordinary run-of-the-mill research; I'm talking about great research. And for the sake of describing great research I'll occasionally say No
Deep Learning for Videos: A 2018 Guide to Action Recognition
Medical images like MRIs, CTs (3D images) are very similar to videos - both of them encode 2D spatial information over a 3rd dimension. Much like diagnosing abnormalities from 3D images, action recognition from videos would require capturing context from entire video rather than just capturing information from each frame. Fig 1: Left: Example Head CT scan. Right: Example video from a action recogn
私の留学が決まったとき、日本の教授は言いました。「まあ、まな板の上の鯉になった気持ちで。。。あ、違うか」 そんなこんなの研究者生活です。 最近私がはまっていることは、Nature（誰でも知ってるあの科学雑誌）のWebsiteで毎週論文をチェックするついでにNature jobのwebsiteを見ることである。別に仕事を探しているのではなくって（そういえば来年度も仕事をしていていいのか、ちゃんと確認してみよう）、いや、仕事もいろいろ見てはいるが、それよりはコラムを読んでいるのである。 ここ3ヶ月のヒットは、もちろんGuide for PhDsであることは前にも載せた。ここではもう少し詳しく説明する。 What makes a good PhD student? (何がよい博士課程学生を作るか つまりどうやったらいい博士課程学生になれるか） そのまま記事を読んでもいいが、それよりも面白いのは、
ABSTRACT First, a new model of searching in online and other information systems, called "berrypicking," is discussed. This model, it is argued, is much closer to the real behavior of information searchers than the traditional model of information retrieval is, and, consequently, will guide our thinking better in the design of effective interfaces. Second, the research literature of manua
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Polyphasic sleep - Wikipedia
(英語)論文を書くための七つ道具 - akihiko’s tech note
Just-world hypothesis - Wikipedia
List of Internet phenomena - Wikipedia
Death Note: L, Anonymity & Eluding Entropy · Gwern.net
Metaphysics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
April 20th, 2018, FFmpeg 4.0 "Wu"
Mutation testing - Wikipedia
商業施設等における「換気の悪い密閉空間」を改善するための換気について 令和 2 年３月 30 日
The History of a Security Hole | OS/2 Museum
Google Books: Celebrate Your Freedom to Read
CA1693 – 動向レビュー：オープンアクセスは被引用数を増加させるのか？ / 三根慎二
How to Do Code Reviews Like a Human (Part One)
E1508 – 図書館員の役割はどう変化してきたか：健康科学分野を例に
Written Memories: Understanding, Deriving and Extending the LSTM - R2RT
COVID UPDATE: What is the truth?
Richard Hamming: You and Your Research
Ph.D student （博士課程学生）のこころえ
The Design of Browsing and Berrypicking Techniques