// Good: choose between two options as appropriate (see below). import * as ng from '@angular/core'; import {Foo} from './foo'; // Only when needed: default imports. import Button from 'Button'; // Sometimes needed to import libraries for their side effects: import 'jasmine'; import '@polymer/paper-button'; Import paths TypeScript code must use paths to import other TypeScript code. Paths may be r
関数名、メソッド名、変数名でよく使う英単語のまとめ
プログラミングをしていると関数名、メソッド名、変数名をどうするか悩みます。 ロジックより命名に時間を費やすこともざらにあります。翻訳したり、一般的な命名規則なのかいつも検索して大変です。 よく使うサイトの内容をコピってメモしておく 関数名とメソッド名の違いについて よく使う英単語のまえに、いつもごっちゃにして使っているけど、定義はこんな感じ 「関数」と「メソッド」の違い 似ているところ どちらも何か（引数）を入れると処理をして何か（戻り値）を返してくれます。 違うところ やってること自体は大差ありません。概念としては違います。 メソッドはオブジェクト指向で登場する用語で、オブジェクトの動作を定義したものです。 まずオブジェクトありきなのですね。一方の関数は、オブジェクト云々は関係ありません。 個人的な使い分け Java で登場する関数は「メソッド」です。C 言語で登場する関数は「関数」と呼
Today we’re excited to announce the release of TypeScript 5.0! This release brings many new features, while aiming to make TypeScript smaller, simpler, and faster. We’ve implemented the new decorators standard, added functionality to better support ESM projects in Node and bundlers, provided new ways for library authors to control generic inference, expanded our JSDoc functionality, simplified con
I often feel like javascript code in general runs much slower than it could, simply because it’s not optimized properly. Here is a summary of common optimization techniques I’ve found useful. Note that the tradeoff for performance is often readability, so the question of when to go for performance versus readability is a question left to the reader. I’ll also note that talking about optimization n
Peter Jay Salzman, Michael Burian, Ori Pomerantz, Bob Mottram, Jim Huang 1 Introduction 1.1 Authorship 1.2 Acknowledgements 1.3 What Is A Kernel Module? 1.4 Kernel module package 1.5 What Modules are in my Kernel? 1.6 Is there a need to download and compile the kernel? 1.7 Before We Begin 2 Headers 3 Examples 4 Hello World 4.1 The Simplest Module 4.2 Hello and Goodbye 4.3 The __init and __exit Mac
The Development of the C Language* Dennis M. Ritchie Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA dmr@bell-labs.com ABSTRACT The C programming language was devised in the early 1970s as a system implementation language for the nascent Unix operating system. Derived from the typeless language BCPL, it evolved a type structure; created on a tiny machine as a tool to improve a meager progr
Programming is an iterative process - as much as we would like to come up with the perfect solution from the start, it rarely works that way. Good programs often start as quick prototypes. The bad ones stay prototypes, but the best ones evolve into production code. Whether you’re writing games, CLI tools, or designing library APIs, prototyping helps tremendously in finding the best approach before
缶つぶし機とソフトウェア移行技術 - Refactoring to Rust の読書感想文 - じゃあ、おうちで学べる
はじめに ——あるいは、「知っている」と「理解している」の間 Rustのことは、知っていた。学習もしていた。実務でも使っていた。 でも、それは知っているつもりだった。 知ってるつもり 無知の科学 (ハヤカワ文庫NF) 作者:スティーブン スローマン,フィリップ ファーンバック早川書房Amazon 日々Rustで開発し、BoxとRcとArcを使い分け、tokio::spawnでタスクを生成し、?演算子を当たり前のように書いている。FFI？PyO3使えばいいでしょ。WebAssembly？wasm-bindgenがあるじゃない。技術的には、確かに「使える」レベルにはあった。 でも、心のどこかで感じていた違和感があった。 オートバイのエンジンを分解できる人と、エンジンが動く原理を理解している人は違う。コードが動くことと、なぜそう書くべきかを理解することも違う。私は前者だった。メカニックではあった
Today we’re excited to announce our beta release of TypeScript 5.0! This release brings many new features, while aiming to make TypeScript, smaller, simpler, and faster. We’ve implemented the new decorators standard, functionality to better support ESM projects in Node and bundlers, new ways for library authors to control generic inference, expanded our JSDoc functionality, simplified configuratio
Published Wednesday, Jul 12, 2023 - 2209 words, 11 minutes Lately I’ve been spending quite a bit of time learning Rust, and as any sane person would do, after writing a few 100 lines programs I’ve decided to take on something a little bit more ambitious: I have written a (toy) Java Virtual Machine in Rust. 🎉 With a lot of originality, I have called it rjvm. The code is available on GitHub. I want
Object Structure in JavaScript EnginesFrom a developer's perspective, objects in JavaScript are quite flexible and understandable. We can add, remove, and modify object properties on our own. However, few people think about how objects are stored in memory and processed by JS engines. Can a developer's actions, directly or indirectly, impact performance and memory consumption? Let's try to delve i
All JavaScript and TypeScript Features of the last 3 years
TypeScript as envisioned by Stable DiffusionThis article goes through almost all of the changes of the last 3 years (and some from earlier) in JavaScript / ECMAScript and TypeScript . Not all of the following features will be relevant to you or even practical, but they should instead serve to show what’s possible and to deepen your understanding of these languages. There are a lot of TypeScript fe
Last semester at university, I took a course called "Syntax-Based Tools and Compilers". It focused on building a scanner, parser, compiler, and so on for a language called PL0. We used Python in the course, but I was really interested in learning Rust at the time. So, I decided to embark on a side project (yes, another one!). This time, I wanted to build a JSON parser in Rust. My goal was to test
What Makes Rust Unique? Why is UI in Rust So Hard? Functional UI to the Rescue If you’ve read Hacker News recently, it’s hard to not think that Rust is the future: it’s being used in the Linux kernel and in the Android OS, by AWS for critical infrastructure, and in ChromeOS and Firefox. However, as wonderful as Rust is–it has yet to take off as a general language for building UI. In 2019, “GUI” wa
Rust's Most Subtle Syntax | zk
Psst. Hey kid. You wanna write confusing Rust? I’ve got just the thing. Bring us let and constQuick rundown on let and const in Rust: letYou use let to declare a new variable. Wow. let x = 5; This is in the form let PAT = EXPR;, which makes it a bit more powerful than first seems. // +---- this is a pattern. Same as the things you use in matches. // | // vvvvv let (a, b) = (5, 10); You can combine
Trail of Bits is publicly disclosing CVE-2022-35737, which affects applications that use the SQLite library API. CVE-2022-35737 was introduced in SQLite version 1.0.12 (released on October 17, 2000) and fixed in release 3.39.2 (released on July 21, 2022). CVE-2022-35737 is exploitable on 64-bit systems, and exploitability depends on how the program is compiled; arbitrary code execution is confirme
Our Experience Porting the YJIT Ruby Compiler to Rust - Shopify
Our Experience Porting the YJIT Ruby Compiler to RustIn this post, I want to give a nuanced perspective on our experience porting YJIT from C to Rust. I'll talk about the positives, but also discuss the things that we found challenging or suboptimal in our experience. Last year, my team at Shopify implemented YJIT, a new Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler for CRuby, which was recently upstreamed as part
Today we’re excited to announce the release of TypeScript 5.4! If you’re not familiar with TypeScript, it’s a language that builds on top of JavaScript by making it possible to declare and describe types. Writing types in our code allows us to explain intent and have other tools check our code to catch mistakes like typos, issues with null and undefined, and more. Types also power TypeScript’s edi
Today we’re excited to announce our Release Candidate of TypeScript 5.0! Between now and the stable release of TypeScript 5.0, we expect no further changes apart from critical bug fixes. This release brings many new features, while aiming to make TypeScript, smaller, simpler, and faster. We’ve implemented the new decorators standard, functionality to better support ESM projects in Node and bundler
Agentic GraphRAG for Commercial Contracts | Towards Data Science
In every business, legal contracts are foundational documents that define the relationships, obligations, and responsibilities between parties. Whether it’s a partnership agreement, an NDA, or a supplier contract, these documents often contain critical information that drives decision-making, risk management, and compliance. However, navigating and extracting insights from these contracts can be a
The joy of building a ray tracer, for fun, in Rust. // flurries of latent creativity
TLDR? You can find the code and a bunch of examples on GitHub at dps/rust-raytracer. Over the holiday break, I decided to learn Rust. Rust is a modern systems programming language which has a really interesting type system. The type system can catch broad classes of common programming mistakes - e.g. ensuring memory is accessed safely - at compile time while generating tight, performant machine co
One of the first types we learn about is the boolean. It's pretty natural to use, because boolean logic underpins much of modern computing. And yet, it's one of the types we should probably be using a lot less of. In almost every single instance when you use a boolean, it should be something else. The trick is figuring out what "something else" is. Doing this is worth the effort. It tells you a lo
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
When people say Rust is a “safe language”, they often mean memory safety. And while memory safety is a great start, it’s far from all it takes to build robust applications. Memory safety is important but not sufficient for overall reliability. In this article, I want to show you a few common gotchas in safe Rust that the compiler doesn’t detect and how to avoid them. Why Rust Can’t Always Help Eve
Zig in 30 minutes
test.md A half-hour to learn Zig This is inspired by https://fasterthanli.me/blog/2020/a-half-hour-to-learn-rust/ Basics the command zig run my_code.zig will compile and immediately run your Zig program. Each of these cells contains a zig program that you can try to run (some of them contain compile-time errors that you can comment out to play with) You'll want to declare a main() function to get
Lean for JavaScript DevelopersSeptember 2, 2025 This is my opinionated syntax primer for the Lean programming language. It is far from complete and may contain inaccuracies (I’m still learning Lean myself) but this is how I wish I was introduced to it, and what I wish was clarified. Why Lean? This post assumes you’re already eager to learn a bit of Lean. For motivation, I humbly submit to you two
Hard Mode Rust
Hard Mode Rust Oct 6, 2022 This post is a case study of writing a Rust application using only minimal, artificially constrained API (eg, no dynamic memory allocation). It assumes a fair bit of familiarity with the language. The back story here is a particular criticism of Rust and C++ from hard-core C programmers. This criticism is aimed at RAII — the language-defining feature of C++, which was wh
F# 9 introduces a range of enhancements that make your programs safer, more resilient, and performant. This article highlights the major changes in F# 9, developed in the F# open source code repository. F# 9 is available in .NET 9. You can download the latest .NET SDK from the .NET downloads page. Nullable reference types Although F# is designed to avoid null, it can creep in when interfacing with
More information on the syntax and semantics of decorators (optional section) # (This section is optional. If you skip it, you can still understand the remaining content.) The syntax of decorator expressions # A decorator expression starts with a chain of one or more identifiers, separated by dots. Each identifier except the first one can be private (prefix #). Square brackets [] are not allowed
This blog post was entirely inspired by reading the GATs on Nightly! Reddit post by /u/C5H5N5O. I just decided to take things a little bit too far, and thought a blog post on it would be fun. I want to be clear from the start: I'm introducing some advanced concepts in this post that rely on unstable features in Rust. I'm not advocating their usage at all. I'm just exploring what may and may not be
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Why async Rust?
Async/await syntax in Rust was initially released to much fanfare and excitement. To quote Hacker News at the time: This is going to open the flood gates. I am sure lot of people were just waiting for this moment for Rust adoption. I for one was definitely in this boat. Also, this has all the goodness: open-source, high quality engineering, design in open, large contributors to a complex piece of
[EN] Writing a Compiler is Surprisingly Easy (part 1)
Part 1: expressions, arithmetic Part 2: statements, control flow Ever since I was a teenager I wanted to create my own systems programming language. Such a programming language would certainly have to be compiled to native code, which meant I'd have to write a compiler. Even though I managed to write several half-working parsers, I'd always fail at the stage of generating assembly code, as the tas
Epic Games released an initial public implementation of the Verse programming language. Verse has been designed by some people who really know what they’re doing: Lennart Augustsson Joachim Breitner Koen Claessen Ranjit Jhala Simon Peyton Jones Olin Shivers Tim Sweeney It’s amazing to see a CEO help design a programming language but Tim Sweeney has been advocating for functional programming in gam
Against SQL
TLDR The relational model is great: A shared universal data model allows cooperation between programs written in many different languages, running on different machines and with different lifespans. Normalization allows updating data without worrying about forgetting to update derived data. Physical data independence allows changing data-structures and query plans without having to change all of y
Indoor VivantsAnton Sviridov. I love reinventing the wheel and I usually use Scala for that. TL;DR We are deploying an app to Cloudflare using Scala.js We are using ScalablyTyped We are using Scala 3 heavily Code on Github Deployed app Cloudflare API bindings Welcome to the "Put ma Scala on yo cloud" series I want to say that I'm kicking off a blog series, but even I don't believe that. If I did,
Today we’re excited to announce our Release Candidate of TypeScript 5.4! Between now and the stable release of TypeScript 5.4, we expect no further changes apart from critical bug fixes. To get started using the RC, you can get it through NuGet, or through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@rc Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.4! Preserved Narrowing in Closur
Introduction The story behind this article is very simple, I wanted to learn about new C++20 language features and to have a brief summary for all of them on a single page. So, I decided to read all proposals and create this “cheat sheet” that explains and demonstrates each feature. This is not a “best practices” kind of article, it serves only demonstrational purpose. Most examples were inspired
Zig; what I think after months of using it What I like Arbitrary sized-integers and packed structs Generic types are just functions at the type level Error Union Types C interop is probably the best The build system is nice What I like less Error handling Shadowing is forbidden Compile-time duck typing No typeclasses / traits comptime is probably not as interesting as it looks No encapsulation Mem
Manuel Cerón
Last year I finally decided to learn some Rust. The official book by Steve Klabnik and Carol Nichols is excellent, but even after reading it and working on some small code exercises, I felt that I needed more to really understand the language. I wanted to work on a small project to get some hands-on experience, but most of my ideas didn’t feel very well suited for Rust. Then I started reading the
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Google TypeScript Style Guide
Announcing TypeScript 5.0 - TypeScript
Optimizing Javascript for fun and for profit
The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide
The Development of the C Language
Prototyping in Rust | corrode Rust Consulting
Announcing TypeScript 5.0 Beta - TypeScript
I have written a JVM in Rust
Object Structure in JavaScript Engines
krish's blog • Parsing JSON in 500 lines of Rust
Why is building a UI in Rust so hard?
Stranger Strings: An exploitable flaw in SQLite
Announcing TypeScript 5.4 - TypeScript
Announcing TypeScript 5.0 RC - TypeScript
That boolean should probably be something else | nicole@web
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Pitfalls of Safe Rust | corrode Rust Consulting
Lean for JavaScript Developers — overreacted
What's new in F# 9 - F# Guide - .NET
JavaScript metaprogramming with the 2022-03 decorators API
Monads and GATs in nightly Rust
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Type system of Fortnite's Verse language - BAM Weblog
Cloudflare functions with Scala.js
Announcing TypeScript 5.4 RC - TypeScript
All C++20 core language features with examples
strongly-typed-thoughts.net