REST API Design Best Practices Handbook – How to Build a REST API with JavaScript, Node.js, and Express.js
By Jean-Marc Möckel I've created and consumed many API's over the past few years. During that time, I've come across good and bad practices and have experienced nasty situations when consuming and building API's. But there also have been great moments. There are helpful articles online which present many best practices, but many of them lack some practicality in my opinion. Knowing the theory with
LogLog Games
The article is also available in Chinese. Disclaimer: This post is a very long collection of thoughts and problems I've had over the years, and also addresses some of the arguments I've been repeatedly told. This post expresses my opinion the has been formed over using Rust for gamedev for many thousands of hours over many years, and multiple finished games. This isn't meant to brag or indicate su
Programming is an iterative process - as much as we would like to come up with the perfect solution from the start, it rarely works that way. Good programs often start as quick prototypes. The bad ones stay prototypes, but the best ones evolve into production code. Whether you’re writing games, CLI tools, or designing library APIs, prototyping helps tremendously in finding the best approach before
TL;DR; We are changing std::sort in LLVM’s libcxx. That’s a long story of what it took us to get there and all possible consequences, bugs you might encounter with examples from open source. We provide some benchmarks, perspective, why we did this in the first place and what it cost us with exciting ideas from Hyrum’s Law to reinforcement learning. All changes went into open source and thus I can
About Virus WarningThe Bitdefender Enterprise Support Team has verified that it is a false positive, here is the reply: Hello, Thank you for contacting the Bitdefender Enterprise Support Team. We have received an update from our laboratories. The files are clean and detection should be removed in the next couple of updates. Please let us know if there is anything else we can assist you with or if
How to Bypass Cloudflare in 2023: The 8 Best Methods - ZenRows
About 1/5 of websites you need to scrape use Cloudflare, a hardcore anti-bot protection system that gets you blocked easily. So what can you do? 😥 We spent a million dollars figuring out how to bypass Cloudflare in 2023 so that you don't have to and wrote the most complete guide (you're reading it!). These are some of the techniques you'll get home today: Method 1: Get around Cloudflare CDN. Meth
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
I first learned Kubernetes ("k8s" for short) in 2018, when my manager sat me down and said "Cloudflare is migrating to Kubernetes, and you're handling our team's migration." This was slightly terrifying to me, because I was a good programmer and a mediocre engineer. I knew how to write code, but I didn't know how to deploy it, or monitor it in production. My computer science degree had taught me a
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
SemVer in Rust: Tooling, Breakage, and Edge Cases — FOSDEM 2024 Last month, I gave a talk titled "SemVer in Rust: Breakage, Tooling, and Edge Cases" at the FOSDEM 2024 conference. The talk is a practical look at what semantic versioning (SemVer) buys us, why SemVer goes wrong in practice, and how the cargo-semver-checks linter can help prevent the damage caused by SemVer breakage. TL;DR: SemVer is
This paper reflects work done in late 2022 and 2023 to audit for vulnerabilities in terminal emulators, with a focus on open source software. The results of this work were 10 CVEs against terminal emulators that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), in addition various other bugs and hardening opportunities were found. The exact context and severity of these vulnerabilities varied, but some
Getting Started with Python
Python is a powerful programming language that provides many packages that we can use. Using the versatile Python programming language, we can develop the following: AutomationDesktop applicationAndroidWebIoT home automationData Science and the list goes on.In this article, our primary focus will be knowing how to start learning Python and the essentials required to be a data scientist. Below is t
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Python behind the scenes #13: the GIL and its effects on Python multithreading
As you probably know, the GIL stands for the Global Interpreter Lock, and its job is to make the CPython interpreter thread-safe. The GIL allows only one OS thread to execute Python bytecode at any given time, and the consequence of this is that it's not possible to speed up CPU-intensive Python code by distributing the work among multiple threads. This is, however, not the only negative effect of
One of FLAML’s algorithms CFO tuning the # of leaves and the # of trees for XGBoost. The two heatmaps show the loss and cost distribution of all configurations. The black dots are the points evaluated in CFO. Black dots connected by lines are points that yield better loss performance when evaluated (image by authors).Authors: Qingyun Wu, Chi Wang, Antoni Baum, Richard Liaw and Michael Galarnyk FLA
Database Fundamentals
About a year ago, I tried thinking which database I should choose for my next project, and came to the realization that I don't really know the differences of databases enough. I went to different database websites and saw mostly marketing and words I don't understand. This is when I decided to read the excellent books Database Internals by Alex Petrov and Designing Data-Intensive Applications by
Mastering Customer Segmentation with LLM | Towards Data Science
Unlock advanced customer segmentation techniques using LLMs, and improve your clustering models with advanced techniques Content Table · Intro · Data · Method 1: Kmeans · Method 2: K-Prototype · Method 3: LLM + Kmeans · Conclusion Intro A customer segmentation project can be approached in multiple ways. In this article I will teach you advanced techniques, not only to define the clusters, but to a
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
A professional programmer delivers value through the authoring and maintaining of software that solves problems. (There are other important ways for professional programmers to deliver value but this post is about programming.) Programmers rely on various tools to author software. Arguably the most important and consequential choice of tool is the programming language. In this post, I will articul
Python behind the scenes #11: how the Python import system works
If you ask me to name the most misunderstood aspect of Python, I will answer without a second thought: the Python import system. Just remember how many times you used relative imports and got something like ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package; or tried to figure out how to structure a project so that all the imports work correctly; or hacked sys.path when you couldn
Plan 9 Desktop Guide
PLAN 9 DESKTOP GUIDE INDEX What is Plan 9? Limitations and Workarounds Connecting to Other Systems VNC RDP SSH 9P Other methods Porting Applications Emulating other Operating Systems Virtualizing other Operating Systems Basics Window Management Copy Pasting Essential Programs Manipulating Text in the Terminal Acme - The Do It All Application Multiple Workspaces Tiling Windows Plumbing System Admin
Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Update 1.72.1: The update addresses these security issues. Update 1.72.2: The update addresses these issues. Welcome to the September 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Tool bar customization - Hide/show
Large Text Compression Benchmark Matt Mahoney Last update: July 3, 2025. history This competition ranks lossless data compression programs by the compressed size (including the size of the decompression program) of the first 109 bytes of the XML text dump of the English version of Wikipedia on Mar. 3, 2006. About the test data. The goal of this benchmark is not to find the best overall compressi
Julia 1.0 came out well over 2 years ago. Since then a lot has changed and a lot hasn’t. Julia 1.0 was a commitment to no breaking changes, but that is not to say no new features have been added to the language. Julia 1.6 is a huge release and it is coming out relatively soon. RC-1 was released recently. I suspect we have at least a few more weeks before the final release. The Julia Core team take
Concurrency is not very intuitive. You need to train your brain to consider what happens when multiple processes execute a certain code block at the same time. There are several issues I often encounter: Failing to recognize potential concurrency issues: It's not uncommon for both beginner and seasoned developers to completely miss a potential concurrency problem. When this happens, and the concur
Noble Numbat Release Notes Table of Contents Introduction New features in 24.04 LTS Known Issues Official flavours More information Introduction These release notes for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) provide an overview of the release and document the known issues with Ubuntu and its flavours. For details of the changes applied since 24.04, please see the 24.04.2 change summary. Support lifespan
Following up from the last post, there is a lot more we need to cover. This was intended to be the post where we talk exclusively about benchmarks and numbers. But, I have unfortunately been perfectly taunted and status-locked, like a monster whose “aggro” was pulled by a tank. The reason, of course, is due to a few folks taking issue with my outright dismissal of the C and C++ APIs (and not showi
Hash functions are incredibly neat mathematical objects. They can map arbitrary data to a small fixed-size output domain such that the mapping is deterministic, yet appears to be random. This “deterministic randomness” is incredibly useful for a variety of purposes, such as hash tables, checksums, monte carlo algorithms, communication-less distributed algorithms, etc, the list goes on. In this art
Flipping Pages: An analysis of a new Linux vulnerability in nf_tables and hardened exploitation techniques
This blogpost is the next instalment of my series of hands-on no-boilerplate vulnerability research blogposts, intended for time-travellers in the future who want to do Linux kernel vulnerability research. Specifically, I hope beginners will learn from my VR workflow and the seasoned researchers will learn from my techniques. In this blogpost, I'm discussing a bug I found in nf_tables in the Linux
Expert Generalists
As computer systems get more sophisticated we've seen a growing trend to value deep specialists. But we've found that our most effective colleagues have a skill in spanning many specialties. We are thus starting to explicitly recognize this as a first-class skill of “Expert Generalist”. We can identify the key characteristics of people with this skill - and thus recruit and promote based on it. We
Primitive Recursive Functions For A Working Programmer Aug 1, 2024 Programmers on the internet often use “Turing-completeness” terminology. Typically, not being Turing-complete is extolled as a virtue or even a requirement in specific domains. I claim that most such discussions are misinformed — that not being Turing complete doesn’t actually mean what folks want it to mean, and is instead a stand
JupyterLab Changelog — JupyterLab 4.5.0a3 documentation
JupyterLab Changelog# v4.4# JupyterLab 4.4 includes a number of new features (described below), bug fixes, and enhancements. This release is compatible with extensions supporting JupyterLab 4.0. Extension authors are encouraged to consult the Extension Migration Guide which lists deprecations and changes to the public API. Code console improvements# The code console prompt can now be positioned on
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Modern CI is Too Complex and Misdirected
The state of CI platforms is much stronger than it was just a few years ago. Overall, this is a good thing: access to powerful CI platforms enables software developers and companies to ship more reliable software more frequently, which benefits its users/customers. Centralized CI platforms like GitHub Actions, GitLab Pipelines, and Bitbucket provide benefits of scale, as the Internet serves as a c
"Get or create" is a very common operation for syncing data in the database, but implementing it correctly may be trickier than you may expect. If you ever had to implement it in a real system with real-life load, you may have overlooked potential race conditions, concurrency issues and even bloat! In this article I explore ways to "get ot create" in PostgresSQL. Illustration by Abstrakt Design Ta
Release date: July 9, 2025 Update 1.102.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.102.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.102.3: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2025 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some
HTML Whitespace is Broken September 2, 2024Recently, I was working on a project which required a deeper understanding of how whitespace works in HTML. I was never a fan of HTML's whitespace behavior before as I've been burned by it a few times. But as I dug into it more deeply, I found myself discovering complex design issues that I wanted to explore in a blog post. This is partially to write down
charity.wtf
charity.wtf charity wtf's about technology, databases, startups, engineering management, and whiskey. I wrote a lot of blog posts over my time at Parse, but they all evaporated after Facebook killed the product. Most of them I didn’t care about (there were, ahem, a lot of “service reliability updates”), but I was mad about losing one specific piece, a deceptively casual retrospective of the grueli
Falling for Kubernetes
I've considered myself a strong kubernetes skeptic in the past. Bare metal is always my first choice both for projects and startups. That includes the stack that runs this blog. Calling it a stack might even be an exaggeration. It's a CI toolchain with an nginx configuration on the host. But it does its job, can handle surprising concurrent load, and is cheap to host. It costs just $10 a month and
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Prototyping in Rust | corrode Rust Consulting
Changing std::sort at Google’s Scale and Beyond
Better Fbx Importer & Exporter
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
Solving common problems with Kubernetes
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
SemVer in Rust: Tooling, Breakage, and Edge Cases — FOSDEM 2024
"�[31m"?! ANSI Terminal security in 2023 and finding 10 CVEs
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Fast AutoML with FLAML + Ray Tune
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Rust is for Professionals
September 2022 (version 1.72)
Large Text Compression Benchmark
Julia 1.6: what has changed since Julia 1.0?
Handling Concurrency Without Locks
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) Release Notes
cuneicode, and the Future of Text in C
Breaking CityHash64, MurmurHash2/3, wyhash, and more... | orlp.net
Primitive Recursive Functions For A Working Programmer
How to Get or Create in PostgreSQL
June 2025 (version 1.102)
HTML Whitespace is Broken - Devel without a Cause