In MySQL or MariaDB, anytime you make a change to the database, that particular event is logged. For example, when you create a new table, or update data on an existing table, those events are stored in the binary logs. Binary log is very helpful in MySQL replication, where the main server will send the data from the binary logs to the remote servers. You’ll also be dealing with binary log files w

Even if you are a Linux sysadmin or developer, sometimes you might end-up managing Oracle database that is running in your environment. In that case, it is essential to understand certain basic Oracle DBA activities. In this tutorial, we’ll explain how to create an Oracle database from command line. When you install Oracle software, it will give you an option to create a new database from the UI.

How to Speedup Linux Boot Process using Startpar Command Examples In a typical scenario, during the boot process, the run-level system startup scripts are executed one-by-one. A particular run level startup script will not execute until the previous script is executed completely. If a particular service during the startup is hanging for some reason, it might take a while before it times-out and mo

HPACUCLI stands for HP Array Configuration Utility CLI. As the name suggests, this utility is for HP servers. Hpacucli is used to create, delete and repair the logical and physical drives on the smart array controllers in HP servers. To use hpacucli, download and install the latest version of hpacucli rpm from the HP website on your Linux server. 1. Two ways to execute the command When you type th

How to Combine Ping and Traceroute On Linux Using MTR Command Examples MTR stands for My Traceroute. It is a powerful network diagnostic tool which combines the power of both Ping and Traceroute commands. It enables administrator to diagnose and isolate network errors and provide helpful network status reports. In this article, we will explain how to install, use and analyze the report provided by

This tutorial explains various command line options available for the Linux shutdown and reboot commands. Linux shutdown command options Syntax: shutdown [OPTION]… TIME [MESSAGE] From the syntax we see that besides OPTIONS and TIME, there is a MESSAGE that can be produced on the command line through this command. Please note that you need to have root privileges to execute this command. 1. A basic

Interrupts are signal that are sent across IRQ (Interrupt Request Line) by a hardware or software. Interrupts allow devices like keyboard, serial cards and parallel ports to indicate that it needs CPU attention. Once the CPU receives the Interrupt Request, CPU will temporarily stop execution of running program and invoke a special program called Interrupt Handler or ISR (Interrupt Service Routine)

5 Linux Touch Command Examples (How to Change File Timestamp) Every file in Linux is associated with timestamps, which specifies the last access time, last modification time and last change time. Whenever we create a new file, or modify an existing file or its attributes, these timestamps will be updated automatically. Touch command is used to change these timestamps (access time, modification tim

Q: How do I encrypt my bash shell script on Linux environment? The shell script contains password, and I don’t want others who have execute access to view the shell script and get the password. Is there a way to encrypt my shell script? A: First, as a best practice you should not be encrypting your shell script. You should really document your shell script properly so that anybody who views it und

2 Types of Linux File Locking (Advisory, Mandatory Lock Examples) File locking is a mechanism which allows only one process to access a file at any specific time. By using file locking mechanism, many processes can read/write a single file in a safer way. In this article we’ll explore the different types of Linux file locking and understand their differences using an example program. We will take

Suppose ‘A’ and ‘B’ are very good friends and ‘A’ shares all his secrets with ‘B’. Now if a guy ‘C’ comes in and fakes as if he is ‘B’. Can you imagine what could happen? Yes, ‘A’ could tell all his secrets to ‘C’ and ‘C’ could misuse it. In a layman’s language, this is what we mean by ARP cache poisoning. ARP poisoning may cause many serious networking problems and network administrators should k

At a first glance, IPTables rules might look cryptic. In this article, I’ve given 25 practical IPTables rules that you can copy/paste and use it for your needs. These examples will act as a basic templates for you to tweak these rules to suite your specific requirement. For easy reference, all these 25 iptables rules are in shell script format: iptables-rules 1. Delete Existing Rules Before you st

7 Default OpenSSH Security Options You Should Change in /etc/ssh/sshd_config OpenSSH options are controlled through the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file. This article explains the 7 default options in sshd_config file that you should change. In sshd_config, the lines that start with # are comments. For those options that uses the default values, the sshd_config file contains a commented line with the opt