Josh W Comeau
Promises From The Ground UpThe “Promises” API is a surprisingly tricky part of modern JavaScript. Without the right context, it doesn’t make much sense at all! In this tutorial, you’ll build an intuition for how Promises work by getting a deeper understanding of JavaScript and its limitations. Snappy UI Optimization with useDeferredValueuseDeferredValue is one of the most underrated React hooks. I
Folding the DOM • Josh W. Comeau
Filed underReactoninMay 19th, 2019.May 2019.Last updatedoninSeptember 13th, 2024.Sep 2024. IntroductionIn my day-to-day life as a front-end developer, I generally treat CSS as a collection of 2D layers. Other than reordering them using z-index, I don't often move things in 3D space. And yet, for years now, browsers have bundled in a surprisingly capable 3D CSS engine! Someone even built an experim
How To Center a Div
IntroductionFor a long time, centering an element within its parent was a surprisingly tricky thing to do. As CSS has evolved, we've been granted more and more tools we can use to solve this problem. These days, we're spoiled for choice! I decided to create this tutorial to help you understand the trade-offs between different approaches, and to give you an arsenal of strategies you can use, to han
An Interactive Guide to Flexbox
IntroductionFlexbox is a remarkably powerful layout mode. When we truly understand how it works, we can build dynamic layouts that respond automatically, rearranging themselves as-needed. For example, check this out: This demo is heavily inspired by Adam Argyle’s incredible “4 layouts for the price of 1” codepen. It uses no media/container queries. Instead of setting arbitrary breakpoints, it uses
The Surprising Truth About Pixels and Accessibility
IntroductionShould I use pixels or ems/rems?!This is a question I hear a lot. Often with a dollop of anxiety or frustration behind the words. 😅 It's an emotionally-charged question because there are a lot of conflicting opinions out there, and it can be overwhelming. Maybe you've heard that rems are better for accessibility. Or maybe you've heard that the problem is fixed and pixels are fine? The
The Front-End Developer's Guide to the Terminal
IntroductionModern front-end frameworks like React, Angular, and Vue rely heavily on the terminal. If you're not comfortable with command line interfaces, you'll struggle to run a local development server or build your application! There's something deeply ironic about this. Our whole job is to build graphical user interfaces, but the tools we use in our development are mostly command-line based!
Make Beautiful Gradients
So here's a CSS linear gradient, going from pure yellow to pure blue: Notice that it gets kinda washed out and muddy in the middle there? This is what Erik Kennedy has coined the “gray dead zone”. Unless you're really careful when selecting colors for your gradients, you'll often wind up with a desaturated midsection in your CSS gradients. As it turns out, though, we can absolutely avoid the gray
The styled-components Happy Path
The styled-components Happy PathMy personal suite of “best practices” For a few years now, my #1 favourite tool for managing CSS in React apps has been 💅 styled-components. It's a wonderful tool. In many ways, it's changed how I think about CSS architecture, and has helped me keep my codebase clean and modular, just like React! It shares something else in common with React: developers often disli
CSS Grid full-bleed layout tutorial • Josh W. Comeau
It doesn't seem like it would be so tricky, right? But this was an era before flexbox existed; our tools for the job were tables and floats, and neither were really up to this task. It was technically possible, but some shenanigans were required. Once flexbox achieved mainstream browser support, this layout went from "holy grail" to "fountain drink"; it was everywhere, because it offered a great u
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