If a phrase has many words with low idf weighting, then its overall score should be lower compared to a phrase with more significant words – this is the intuition behind our tf-idf scoring strategy. As an example, assuming that the normalized tf of each word above is 0.5, the average tf-idf score for “machine-learning-application” would be 3.21 and the average tf-idf score for “machine-learning-as