1 Define-by-run is in development as of June 2017 and tracked in dmlc/mxnet#5705. It is also possible using the much slower MinPy extension. 2 Symbolic autograd is in development as of June 2017 and tracked in deeplearning4j/nd4j#1750. 3 Symbolic autograd is available only with ngraph backend (experimental). 4 Some functions do not support higher-order differentiation. See chainer/chainer#4449. 5