[Hacker News discussion, LinkedIn discussion, Twitter thread] Update: My upcoming book, AI Engineering (late 2024/early 2025) will cover building aplications with foundation models in depth. A question that I’ve been asked a lot recently is how large language models (LLMs) will change machine learning workflows. After working with several companies who are working with LLM applications and persona
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
The Go Programming Language and Environment – Communications of the ACM
Go is a programming language created at Google in late 2007 and released as open source in November 2009. Since then, it has operated as a public project, with contributions from thousands of individuals and dozens of companies. Go has become a popular language for building cloud infrastructure: Docker, a Linux container manager, and Kubernetes, a container deployment system, are core cloud techno
The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify
TL;DR: The hard part of building reliable agentic systems is making sure the LLM has the appropriate context at each step. This includes both controlling the exact content that goes into the LLM, as well as running the appropriate steps to generate relevant content.Agentic systems consist of both workflows and agents (and everything in between).Most agentic frameworks are neither declarative or im
arXiv:2506.12115v1 [cs.CL] 13 Jun 2025 Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools Brown Ebouky IBM Research - Zurich ETH Zurich Brown.Ebouky@ibm.com Andrea Bartezzaghi IBM Research - Zurich abt@zurich.ibm.com Mattia Rigotti IBM Research - Zurich mrg@zurich.ibm.com Abstract The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI’s o1 was met with excited spec- ulation by the AI community
State of the Common Lisp ecosystem, 2020 🎉 - Lisp journey
NEW: 9 videos (86min) about CLOS on my Common Lisp course. Out of 7h+ of content. Rated 4.7/5. Learn more and stay tuned. 🎥 I also have cool Lisp showcases on Youtube . The last ones: how to build a web app in Common Lisp, part 1 and 2. This is a description of the Common Lisp ecosystem, as of January, 2021, from the perspective of a user and contributor. The purpose of this article is both to gi
We now live in a world where ML workflows (pre-training, post training, etc) are heterogeneous, must contend with hardware failures, are increasingly asynchronous and highly dynamic. Traditionally, PyTorch has relied on an HPC-style multi-controller model, where multiple copies of the same script are launched across different machines, each running its own instance of the application (often refer
prompts.chat
Welcome to the “Awesome ChatGPT Prompts” repository! While this collection was originally created for ChatGPT, these prompts work great with other AI models like Claude, Gemini, Hugging Face Chat, Llama, Mistral, and more. ChatGPT is a web interface created by OpenAI that provides access to their GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models. The underlying models, like GPT-4o and GPT-o
Getting started What is NumPy? Installation NumPy quickstart NumPy: the absolute basics for beginners Fundamentals and usage NumPy fundamentals NumPy for MATLAB users NumPy tutorials NumPy how-tos Advanced usage and interoperability Using NumPy C-API F2PY user guide and reference manual Under-the-hood documentation for developers Interoperability with NumPy Extras Glossary Release notes 2.4.0 2.3.
Introduction Some part of me has always been fascinated with coercing code to run in weird places. I scratch this itch a lot with my security research projects. These often lead me to writing shellcode to run in kernels or embedded hardware, sometimes with the only way being through an existing bug. For those not familiar, shellcode is honestly hard to describe. I don’t know if there’s a very form
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
vim9script4pythondevelopers.md Vim9 script for Python Developers Vim9 script�Vim script��������������������������������������������������系��� def������義����������Vim script��vim9script�����使����������(vim9script���
Faster virtual machines: Speeding up programming language execution - Mort's Ramblings
Date: 2023-01-15 Git: https://gitlab.com/mort96/blog/blob/published/content/00000-home/00015-fast-interpreters.md In this post, I hope to explore how interpreters are often implemented, what a "virtual machine" means in this context, and how to make them faster. Note: This post will contain a lot of C source code. Most of it is fairly simple C which should be easy to follow, but some familiarity w
Plan 9 Desktop Guide
PLAN 9 DESKTOP GUIDE INDEX What is Plan 9? Limitations and Workarounds Connecting to Other Systems VNC RDP SSH 9P Other methods Porting Applications Emulating other Operating Systems Virtualizing other Operating Systems Basics Window Management Copy Pasting Essential Programs Manipulating Text in the Terminal Acme - The Do It All Application Multiple Workspaces Tiling Windows Plumbing System Admin
While getting my degree in Physics, I had to take classes in both MatLab and Python for scientific computing. I preferred python, where we used the SciPy and NumPy packages. In fact, I used those packages again (along with matplotlib) in an undergraduate research project simulating bacteria films. There's a catch: I was also pursuing a degree in Computer Science, and Python just wasn't fast enough
Concurrency is not very intuitive. You need to train your brain to consider what happens when multiple processes execute a certain code block at the same time. There are several issues I often encounter: Failing to recognize potential concurrency issues: It's not uncommon for both beginner and seasoned developers to completely miss a potential concurrency problem. When this happens, and the concur
Following up from the last post, there is a lot more we need to cover. This was intended to be the post where we talk exclusively about benchmarks and numbers. But, I have unfortunately been perfectly taunted and status-locked, like a monster whose “aggro” was pulled by a tank. The reason, of course, is due to a few folks taking issue with my outright dismissal of the C and C++ APIs (and not showi
Over the past decade, my work has centred on partnering with teams to build ambitious products for the web across both desktop and mobile. This has provided a ring-side seat to a sweeping variety of teams, products, and technology stacks across more than 100 engagements. While I'd like to be spending most of this time working through improvements to web APIs, the majority of time spent with partne
The Pitchfork Story
A bit more than two years ago, as part of my work in Shopify’s Ruby and Rails Infrastructure team, I released a new Ruby HTTP server called Pitchfork. It has a bit of an unusual design and makes hard tradeoffs, so I’d like to explain the thought process behind these decisions and how I see the future of that project. Unicorn’s Design Is Fine Ever since I joined Shopify over 11 years ago, the main
Flipping Pages: An analysis of a new Linux vulnerability in nf_tables and hardened exploitation techniques
This blogpost is the next instalment of my series of hands-on no-boilerplate vulnerability research blogposts, intended for time-travellers in the future who want to do Linux kernel vulnerability research. Specifically, I hope beginners will learn from my VR workflow and the seasoned researchers will learn from my techniques. In this blogpost, I'm discussing a bug I found in nf_tables in the Linux
Python behind the scenes #12: how async/await works in Python
Mark functions as async. Call them with await. All of a sudden, your program becomes asynchronous – it can do useful things while it waits for other things, such as I/O operations, to complete. Code written in the async/await style looks like regular synchronous code but works very differently. To understand how it works, one should be familiar with many non-trivial concepts including concurrency,
"Get or create" is a very common operation for syncing data in the database, but implementing it correctly may be trickier than you may expect. If you ever had to implement it in a real system with real-life load, you may have overlooked potential race conditions, concurrency issues and even bloat! In this article I explore ways to "get ot create" in PostgresSQL. Illustration by Abstrakt Design Ta
The Humble For Loop in Rust By Martijn Faassen • 2024-12-11 • Tags: programming, rust Rust has some really nice functional programming facilities built in, all around an iterator concept. Rust being focused on performance and low level control makes it possible to use this without paying a performance cost. Sometimes I still prefer to use the humble for loop though. In quite a few cases, it combin
charity.wtf
charity.wtf charity wtf's about technology, databases, startups, engineering management, and whiskey. I wrote a lot of blog posts over my time at Parse, but they all evaporated after Facebook killed the product. Most of them I didn’t care about (there were, ahem, a lot of “service reliability updates”), but I was mad about losing one specific piece, a deceptively casual retrospective of the grueli
DisclaimerThese are my own views, not necessarily those of my employer. SummaryLarge language models (LLMs) represent a major advance in artificial intelligence (AI), and in particular toward the goal of human-like artificial general intelligence (AGI). It’s sometimes claimed, though, that machine learning is “just statistics”, hence that progress in AI is illusory with regard to this grander ambi
! git clone https://github.com/lightaime/camel.git %cd camel/ ! pip install -e .このコードは、GitHub上にある"lightaime/camel"というリポジトリ（プログラムの置き場所）から、プログラムをダウンロードして、ローカルのコンピューターにインストールするためのコマンドです。 具体的には、"git clone"というコマンドを使い、"https://github.com/lightaime/camel.git"というリポジトリをクローン（ダウンロード）します。そして、"cd camel/"というコマンドで、クローンしたプログラムが保存された"camel"というディレクトリに移動します。 次に、"pip install"というコマンドを使い、"."（カレントディレクトリ）にあるプログラムをインストールし
Django for Startup Founders: A better software architecture for SaaS startups and consumer apps
In an ideal world, startups would be easy. We'd run our idea by some potential customers, build the product, and then immediately ride that sweet exponential growth curve off into early retirement. Of course it doesn't actually work like that. Not even a little. In real life, even startups that go on to become billion-dollar companies typically go through phases like: Having little or no growth fo
[Simon Tatham, initial version 2023-09-01, last updated 2025-03-25] [Coroutines trilogy: C preprocessor | C++20 native | general philosophy ] Introduction Why I’m so enthusiastic about coroutines The objective view: what makes them useful? Versus explicit state machines Versus conventional threads The subjective view: why do I like them so much? “Teach the student when the student is ready” They s
C++ safety, in context
Scope. To talk about C++’s current safety problems and solutions well, I need to include the context of the broad landscape of security and safety threats facing all software. I chair the ISO C++ standards committee and I work for Microsoft, but these are my personal opinions and I hope they will invite more dialog across programming language and security communities. Acknowledgments. Many thanks
j次のブックマーク
k前のブックマーク
lあとで読む
eコメント一覧を開く
oページを開く
Building LLM applications for production
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Implementing Logic Programming
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
February 2021 (version 1.54)
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away
How to think about agent frameworks
Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools
Introducing PyTorch Monarch – PyTorch
NumPy 2.0.0 Release Notes — NumPy v2.4.dev0 Manual
Rust on MIPS64 Windows NT 4.0
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
Vim9 script for Python Developers · GitHub
Scientific Computing in Rust - aftix's dominion
Handling Concurrency Without Locks
cuneicode, and the Future of Text in C
If Not React, Then What? - Infrequently Noted
How to Get or Create in PostgreSQL
The Humble For Loop in Rust
Do large language models understand us?
【勉強メモ】AutoGPTはもう古い！？AIとAIを会話させるCAMELが超便利。使い方や設定｜だいち
Philosophy of coroutines