関数名、メソッド名、変数名でよく使う英単語のまとめ
プログラミングをしていると関数名、メソッド名、変数名をどうするか悩みます。 ロジックより命名に時間を費やすこともざらにあります。翻訳したり、一般的な命名規則なのかいつも検索して大変です。 よく使うサイトの内容をコピってメモしておく 関数名とメソッド名の違いについて よく使う英単語のまえに、いつもごっちゃにして使っているけど、定義はこんな感じ 「関数」と「メソッド」の違い 似ているところ どちらも何か（引数）を入れると処理をして何か（戻り値）を返してくれます。 違うところ やってること自体は大差ありません。概念としては違います。 メソッドはオブジェクト指向で登場する用語で、オブジェクトの動作を定義したものです。 まずオブジェクトありきなのですね。一方の関数は、オブジェクト云々は関係ありません。 個人的な使い分け Java で登場する関数は「メソッド」です。C 言語で登場する関数は「関数」と呼
This post is about why we need a coroutine package for Go, and what it would look like. But first, what are coroutines? Every programmer today is familiar with function calls (subroutines): F calls G, which stops F and runs G. G does its work, potentially calling and waiting for other functions, and eventually returns. When G returns, G is gone and F continues running. In this pattern, only one fu
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
We Love You, TypeScriptFor nearly five years now, Motion has operated in a large TypeScript monorepo. At its peak, it was roughly ~2.5 million lines of code after excluding comments, node_modules, etc. To manage this, we used Vercel’s rather excellent Turborepo build system. This is not a blog post hating on TypeScript — quite the opposite! Motion would likely not even have survived until today wi
Rewriting the Ruby parser
At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C
I don't build systems. I imagine them, then write them. …that were written in a military training camp and accidentally grew to 5k words. I am writing this on my phone, in a barrack that houses some 200+ of my brothers-in-arms in the Ukrainian army’s training camp; I use short periods of rest between training, mostly at night and on Sundays. TBH, since joining the army, I didn’t expect to have tim
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Davis Request for Comments: 9562 Cisco Systems Obsoletes: 4122 B. Peabody Category: Standards Track Uncloud ISSN: 2070-1721 P. Leach University of Washington May 2024 Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs) Abstract This specification defines UUIDs (Universally Unique IDentifiers) -- also known as GUIDs (Globally Unique IDentifiers) -- and a Uniform Resou
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
syntaxdesign
One of the most recognizable features of a languages is its syntax. What are some of the things about syntax that matter? What questions might you ask if you were creating a syntax for your own language? Motivation A programming language gives us a way structure our thoughts. Each program, has a kind of internal structure, for example: How can we capture this structure? One way is directly, via pi
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
I thought it would be fun to go outside of my comfort zone of web development topics and write about something completely different and new, something I have never written about before. So today, I'm going to show you how to implement a programming language! The project will parse and execute programs written in a simple language I called my (I know it's a lame name, but hey, it is "my" language).
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Update 1.97.1: The update addresses these security issues. Update 1.97.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the January 2025 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Next Edit Suggestions (preview) - Co
Zig in 30 minutes
test.md A half-hour to learn Zig This is inspired by https://fasterthanli.me/blog/2020/a-half-hour-to-learn-rust/ Basics the command zig run my_code.zig will compile and immediately run your Zig program. Each of these cells contains a zig program that you can try to run (some of them contain compile-time errors that you can comment out to play with) You'll want to declare a main() function to get
Why People are Angry over Go 1.23 Iterators - gingerBill
NOTE: This is based on, but completely rewritten, from a Twitter post: https://x.com/TheGingerBill/status/1802645945642799423 TL;DR It makes Go feel too “functional” rather than being an unabashed imperative language. I recently saw a post on Twitter showing the upcoming Go iterator design for Go 1.23 (August 2024). From what I can gather, many people seem to dislike the design. I wanted to give m
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems With Language Models
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models Aitor Lewkowycz∗, Anders Andreassen†, David Dohan†, Ethan Dyer†, Henryk Michalewski†, Vinay Ramasesh†, Ambrose Slone, Cem Anil, Imanol Schlag, Theo Gutman-Solo, Yuhuai Wu, Behnam Neyshabur∗, Guy Gur-Ari∗, and Vedant Misra∗ Google Research Abstract Language models have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks that require
The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify
arXiv:2506.12115v1 [cs.CL] 13 Jun 2025 Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools Brown Ebouky IBM Research - Zurich ETH Zurich Brown.Ebouky@ibm.com Andrea Bartezzaghi IBM Research - Zurich abt@zurich.ibm.com Mattia Rigotti IBM Research - Zurich mrg@zurich.ibm.com Abstract The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI’s o1 was met with excited spec- ulation by the AI community
Introduction Some part of me has always been fascinated with coercing code to run in weird places. I scratch this itch a lot with my security research projects. These often lead me to writing shellcode to run in kernels or embedded hardware, sometimes with the only way being through an existing bug. For those not familiar, shellcode is honestly hard to describe. I don’t know if there’s a very form
Understanding the core class design and usage via its evolution Years ago, my studies into the Ruby Evolution started with the persuasion that mastering the programming language to express one’s intentions clearly and efficiently may grow significantly by understanding how it evolved and what intentions were put behind its various elements. Moving back through the history of a change of some eleme
When you work on your computer, there are so many things you take for granted: operating systems, programming languages, they all have to come from somewhere. In the late 1960s and 1970s, that somewhere was Bell Labs, and the operating system they were building was UNIX. They were building more than just an operating system though. They were building a way to work with computers that had never exi
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
A professional programmer delivers value through the authoring and maintaining of software that solves problems. (There are other important ways for professional programmers to deliver value but this post is about programming.) Programmers rely on various tools to author software. Arguably the most important and consequential choice of tool is the programming language. In this post, I will articul
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.73.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the October 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Searc
The simplicity of Prolog
Back to homepage Nowadays the most popular programming languages are Python, Javascript, Java, C++, C#, Kotlin and Ruby, and the average programmer is probably familiar with one or more of these languages. It's relatively easy to switch from one to another (barring any framework specific knowledge that may be needed), since they are all imperative (and for the most part object-oriented) languages,
Rust in Perspective
We are discussing and working toward adding the language Rust as a second implementation language in the Linux kernel. A year ago Jake Edge made an excellent summary of the discussions so far on Rust for the Linux kernel and we (or rather Miguel and Wedson) have made further progress since then. For the record I think this is overall a good idea and worth a try. I wanted to add some background tha
Noble Numbat Release Notes Table of Contents Introduction New features in 24.04 LTS Known Issues Official flavours More information Introduction These release notes for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) provide an overview of the release and document the known issues with Ubuntu and its flavours. For details of the changes applied since 24.04, please see the 24.04.2 change summary. Support lifespan
Over the past decade, my work has centred on partnering with teams to build ambitious products for the web across both desktop and mobile. This has provided a ring-side seat to a sweeping variety of teams, products, and technology stacks across more than 100 engagements. While I'd like to be spending most of this time working through improvements to web APIs, the majority of time spent with partne
September 12, 2024 I wrote about how much I love fish in this blog post from 2017 and, 7 years of using it every day later, I’ve found even more reasons to love it. So I thought I’d write a new post with both the old reasons I loved it and some reasons. This came up today because I was trying to figure out why my terminal doesn’t break anymore when I cat a binary to my terminal, the answer was “fi
Python behind the scenes #12: how async/await works in Python
Mark functions as async. Call them with await. All of a sudden, your program becomes asynchronous – it can do useful things while it waits for other things, such as I/O operations, to complete. Code written in the async/await style looks like regular synchronous code but works very differently. To understand how it works, one should be familiar with many non-trivial concepts including concurrency,
Renato Athaydes
Revisiting Prechelt’s paper and follow-ups comparing Java, Lisp, C/C++ and scripting languages A discussion on programming languages' impact on productivity and program efficiency. In 1999, Lutz Prechelt published a seminal article on the COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM (October 1999/Vol. 42, No. 10) called Comparing Java vs. C/C++ Efficiency Differences to Interpersonal Differences, henceforth Java VS
Release date: July 9, 2025 Update 1.102.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.102.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.102.3: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2025 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some
HTML Whitespace is Broken September 2, 2024Recently, I was working on a project which required a deeper understanding of how whitespace works in HTML. I was never a fan of HTML's whitespace behavior before as I've been burned by it a few times. But as I dug into it more deeply, I found myself discovering complex design issues that I wanted to explore in a blog post. This is partially to write down
This page has two purposes: to describe how to implement computer language interpreters in general, and in particular to build an interpreter for most of the Scheme dialect of Lisp using Python 3 as the implementation language. I call my language and interpreter Lispy (lis.py). Years ago, I showed how to write a semi-practical Scheme interpreter Java and in in Common Lisp). This time around the go
Python Interview Questions
Here is a list of common Python interview questions with detailed answers to help you prepare for the interview as a Python developer. Python, with its versatile use cases and straightforward syntax, has seen its popularity growing continuously in software development, data science, artificial intelligence, and many other fields. As such, interviews for Python-related positions are designed not on
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research!rsc: Coroutines for Go
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Moving off of TypeScript
A few words on Ruby's type annotations state
RFC 9562: Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)
Implementing Logic Programming
Building a Toy Programming Language in Python
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
January 2025 (version 1.97)
Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away
Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools
Rust on MIPS64 Windows NT 4.0
How it became like this? Ruby Range class
The Birth of UNIX - CoRecursive Podcast
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
Gregory Szorc's Digital Home | Rust is for Professionals
October 2022 (version 1.73)
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) Release Notes
If Not React, Then What? - Infrequently Noted
Reasons I still love the fish shell
June 2025 (version 1.102)
HTML Whitespace is Broken - Devel without a Cause
(How to Write a (Lisp) Interpreter (in Python))