大実験！ChatGPTは競プロの問題を解けるのか (2024年5月版) - E869120's Blog
1. はじめに 2024 年 5 月 14 日、OpenAI 社から新たな生成 AI「GPT-4o」が発表され、世界に大きな衝撃を与えました。これまでの GPT-4 よりも性能を向上させただけでなく1、音声や画像のリアルタイム処理も実現し、さらに応答速度が大幅に速くなりました。「ついにシンギュラリティが来てしまったか」「まるで SF の世界を生きているような感覚だ」という感想も見受けられました。 しかし、いくら生成 AI とはいえ、競技プログラミングの問題を解くのは非常に難しいです。なぜなら競技プログラミングでは、問題文を理解する能力、プログラムを実装する能力だけでなく、より速く答えを求められる解法 (アルゴリズム) を考える能力も要求されるからです。もし ChatGPT が競技プログラミングを出来るようになれば他のあらゆるタスクをこなせるだろう、と考える人もいます。 それでは、現代最強の
Peter Jay Salzman, Michael Burian, Ori Pomerantz, Bob Mottram, Jim Huang 1 Introduction 1.1 Authorship 1.2 Acknowledgements 1.3 What Is A Kernel Module? 1.4 Kernel module package 1.5 What Modules are in my Kernel? 1.6 Is there a need to download and compile the kernel? 1.7 Before We Begin 2 Headers 3 Examples 4 Hello World 4.1 The Simplest Module 4.2 Hello and Goodbye 4.3 The __init and __exit Mac
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
We are excited to announce the release of the new version of Prettier! We have made the migration to using ECMAScript Modules for all our source code. This change has significantly improved the development experience for the Prettier team. Please rest assured that when using Prettier as a library, you can still use it as CommonJS as well. This update comes with several breaking changes. One notabl
Turing Machines
ALAN M. TURING 23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954 F | | P(T) R P(u) R P(r) R P(i) R P(n) R P(g) R P( ) R P(M) R P(a) R P(c) R P(h) R P(i) R P(n) R P(e) R P(s) R -> B B | | L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) L P( ) -> F 2024-12-20 Translations: English, Spanish In 1928, David Hilbert, one of the most influential mathematicians of his time, aske
Rewriting the Ruby parser
At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C
Helpful background for code reading The GNU coreutils has its foibles. Many of these utilities are approaching 30 years old and include revisions by many people over the years. Here are some things to keep in mind when reading the code: Tiny programs - These utilities are small, (mostly) single-source file programs designed to do one thing and do it well. They are not designed for long life or to
All JavaScript and TypeScript Features of the last 3 years
TypeScript as envisioned by Stable DiffusionThis article goes through almost all of the changes of the last 3 years (and some from earlier) in JavaScript / ECMAScript and TypeScript . Not all of the following features will be relevant to you or even practical, but they should instead serve to show what’s possible and to deepen your understanding of these languages. There are a lot of TypeScript fe
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
Trail of Bits is publicly disclosing CVE-2022-35737, which affects applications that use the SQLite library API. CVE-2022-35737 was introduced in SQLite version 1.0.12 (released on October 17, 2000) and fixed in release 3.39.2 (released on July 21, 2022). CVE-2022-35737 is exploitable on 64-bit systems, and exploitability depends on how the program is compiled; arbitrary code execution is confirme
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
Posted on Tuesday, April 2, 2024. Updated Wednesday, April 3, 2024. Introduction Andres Freund published the existence of the xz attack on 2024-03-29 to the public oss-security@openwall mailing list. The day before, he alerted Debian security and the (private) distros@openwall list. In his mail, he says that he dug into this after “observing a few odd symptoms around liblzma (part of the xz packag
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
Today we’re excited to announce the release of TypeScript 5.5! If you’re not familiar with TypeScript, it’s a language that builds on top of JavaScript by making it possible to declare and describe types. Writing types in our code allows us to explain intent and have other tools check our code to catch mistakes like typos, issues with null and undefined, and more. Types also power TypeScript’s edi
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Great. But now let’s make a small tweak: [Benchmark] public int GetLength() { ITuple t = (5, 6, 7); Ignore(t); return t.Length; } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void Ignore(object o) { } Here I’ve forced the boxing by needing the object to exist in order to call the Ignore method, and previously that was enough to disable the ability to devirtualize the t.Length call. Bu
The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation | Datadog Security Labs
emerging threats and vulnerabilities The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation November 1, 2022 emerging vulnerability On November 1, 2022, the OpenSSL Project released a security advisory detailing a high-severity vulnerability in the OpenSSL library. Deployments of OpenSSL from 3.0.0 to 3.0.6 (included) are vulnerable and are fixed in
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Here’s a niche terminal problem that has bothered me for years but that I never really understood until a few weeks ago. Let’s say you’re running this command to watch for some specific output in a log file: tail -f /some/log/file | grep thing1 | grep thing2 If log lines are being added to the file relatively slowly, the result I’d see is… nothing! It doesn’t matter if there were matches in the lo
COVID ECONOMICS VETTED AND REAL-TIME PAPERS FROM THE GREAT RECESSION TO THE PANDEMIC RECESSION Francis X. Diebold ELECTORAL POLITICS AND SMALL BUSINESS LOANS Ran Duchin and John Hackney GROWTH FORECASTS AT END-2020 Javier G. Gómez-Pineda STOP-AND-GO EPIDEMIC CONTROL Claudius Gros and Daniel Gros CONSUMPTION RESPONSES TO STIMULUS PAYMENTS So Kubota, Koichiro Onishi and Yuta Toyama CHILD CARE CLOSUR
Today we are excited to announce the availability of TypeScript 5.5 Beta. To get started using the beta, you can get it through NuGet, or through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@beta Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.5! Inferred Type Predicates Control Flow Narrowing for Constant Indexed Accesses Type Imports in JSDoc Regular Expression Syntax Checking Iso
The Go Programming Language and Environment – Communications of the ACM
Go is a programming language created at Google in late 2007 and released as open source in November 2009. Since then, it has operated as a public project, with contributions from thousands of individuals and dozens of companies. Go has become a popular language for building cloud infrastructure: Docker, a Linux container manager, and Kubernetes, a container deployment system, are core cloud techno
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems With Language Models
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models Aitor Lewkowycz∗, Anders Andreassen†, David Dohan†, Ethan Dyer†, Henryk Michalewski†, Vinay Ramasesh†, Ambrose Slone, Cem Anil, Imanol Schlag, Theo Gutman-Solo, Yuhuai Wu, Behnam Neyshabur∗, Guy Gur-Ari∗, and Vedant Misra∗ Google Research Abstract Language models have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks that require
One of the most highly anticipated PC games of the year Cities: Skylines 2 was released last week to a mixed reception. My impression is that gameplay and simulation-wise it seems to be a step in the right direction, and at least on paper the game seems more well-rounded in terms of features than the original was at launch. There are however significant issues with the game, ranging from balance p
Today we are excited to announce the availability of the release candidate of TypeScript 5.5. To get started using the RC, you can get it through NuGet, or through npm with the following command: npm install -D typescript@rc Here’s a quick list of what’s new in TypeScript 5.5! Inferred Type Predicates Control Flow Narrowing for Constant Indexed Accesses Type Imports in JSDoc Regular Expression Syn
The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify
This article was discussed on Hacker News. This is a continuation of my last post on how to write a tree-sitter grammar in an afternoon. Building on the grammar we wrote, now we’re going to write a linter for Imp, and it’s even easier! The final result clocks in less than 60 SLOC and can be found here. Recall that tree-sitter is an incremental parser generator. That is, you give it a description o
In Praise of dhh
In Praise of dhh November 8, 2025 | #tech #politics A reflection on Ruby’s past, present, and future. This is a long essay. I strongly recommend you read it from the beginning, but to help navigate it I have created this table of contents. Prologue The Past How I Learned To Love Ruby A Breath Of Fresh Air A Shared Worldview The Present Tragedy Strikes Recent Conflict In The Community Strength and
Tree-Shaking: A Reference Guide — Smashing Magazine
Since its early days, JavaScript programs have grown in complexity and the number of tasks they perform. The need to compartmentalize such tasks into closed scopes of execution became apparent. “Tree-shaking” is a must-have performance optimization when bundling JavaScript. In this article, we dive deeper on how exactly it works and how specs and practice intertwine to make bundles leaner and more
Make Something WonderfulSteve Jobs in his own wordsThere’s lots of ways to be, as a person. And some people express their deep appreciation in different ways. But one of the ways that I believe people express their appreciation to the rest of humanity is to make something wonderful and put it out there. And you never meet the people. You never shake their hands. You never hear their story or tell
Summary Introduce virtual threads to the Java Platform. Virtual threads are lightweight threads that dramatically reduce the effort of writing, maintaining, and observing high-throughput concurrent applications. This is a preview API. Goals Enable server applications written in the simple thread-per-request style to scale with near-optimal hardware utilization. Enable existing code that uses the j
Note: this article is available as an ebook and as a printed book for easier reading Introduction What is this? When I was first learning Go, I already knew several other programming languages. But after reading an introductory book and the language specification I felt like I really didn’t know enough about Go to use it for real world work. I felt I’d probably need to fall into many traps before
Codification, Technology Absorption, and the Globalization of the Industrial Revolution
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CODIFICATION, TECHNOLOGY ABSORPTION, AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Réka Juhász Shogo Sakabe David Weinstein Working Paper 32667 http://www.nber.org/papers/w32667 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 2024, revised January 2025 We give special thanks to Chris Meissner and John Tang for sharing their tra
Linux/4004 Slowly booting full Linux on the intel 4004 for fun, art, and absolutely no profit TL;DR I booted Debian Linux on a 4-bit intel microprocessor from 1971 - the first microprocessor in the world - the 4004. It is not fast, but it is a real Linux kernel with a Debian rootfs on a real board whose only CPU is a real intel 4004 from the 1970s. The video is sped up at variable rates to demonst
Introduction Some part of me has always been fascinated with coercing code to run in weird places. I scratch this itch a lot with my security research projects. These often lead me to writing shellcode to run in kernels or embedded hardware, sometimes with the only way being through an existing bug. For those not familiar, shellcode is honestly hard to describe. I don’t know if there’s a very form
"},"dump":{"kind":"string","value":"CC-MAIN-2013-20"},"url":{"kind":"string","value":"http://%20jwashington@ap.org/Content/Press-Release/2012/How-AP-reported-in-all-formats-from-tornado-stricken-regions"},"date":{"kind":"string","value":"2013-05-18T05:48:54Z"},"file_path":{"kind":"string","value":"s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696381249/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092621-00000-
Rust Programming Language Tutorial – How to Build a To-Do List App
By Claudio Restifo Since its first open-source release in 2015, the Rust programming language has gained a lot of attention from the community. It's also been voted the most loved programming language on StackOverflow's developer survey each year since 2016. Rust was designed by Mozilla and is considered a system programming language (like C or C++). It has no garbage collector, which makes its pe
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
go command - cmd/go - Go Packages
Go is a tool for managing Go source code. Usage: go <command> [arguments] The commands are: bug start a bug report build compile packages and dependencies clean remove object files and cached files doc show documentation for package or symbol env print Go environment information fix update packages to use new APIs fmt gofmt (reformat) package sources generate generate Go files by processing source
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The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Prettier 3.0: Hello, ECMAScript Modules! · Prettier
Decoded: GNU coreutils – MaiZure's Projects
Stranger Strings: An exploitable flaw in SQLite
research!rsc: The xz attack shell script
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Macroprudentialism
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Why Cities: Skylines 2 performs poorly
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How to write a linter using tree-sitter in an hour
Make Something Wonderful | Steve Jobs
JEP 425: Virtual Threads (Preview)
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Linux/4004 - Dmitry.GR
Rust on MIPS64 Windows NT 4.0
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb · Datasets at Hugging Face
What's New in Emacs 28.1?