Published on December 14, 2020 · Updated on December 16, 2020 Bash scripts. Almost anyone needs to write one sooner or later. Almost no one says “yeah, I love writing them”. And that’s why almost everyone is putting low attention while writing them. I won’t try to make you a Bash expert (since I’m not a one either), but I will show you a minimal template that will make your scripts safer. You
技術部の笹田（ko1）と遠藤（mame）です。クックパッドで Ruby (MRI: Matz Ruby Implementation、いわゆる ruby コマンド) の開発をしています。お金をもらって Ruby を開発しているのでプロの Ruby コミッタです。 本日 12/25 に、ついに Ruby 3.0.0 がリリースされました。一昨年、昨年に続き、今年も Ruby 3.0 の NEWS.md ファイルの解説をします。NEWS ファイルとは何か、は一昨年の記事を見てください（なお Ruby 3.0.0 から、NEWS.md にファイル名を変えました）。 プロと読み解く Ruby 2.6 NEWS ファイル - クックパッド開発者ブログ プロと読み解くRuby 2.7 NEWS - クックパッド開発者ブログ Ruby 3.0 は、Ruby にとってほぼ 8 年ぶりのメジャーバージョンア
Developers are increasingly relying on AI coding assistants to accelerate our daily workflows. These tools can autocomplete functions, suggest bug fixes, and even generate entire modules or MVPs. Yet, as many of us have learned, the quality of the AI’s output depends largely on the quality of the prompt you provide. In other words, prompt engineering has become an essential skill. A poorly phrased
[Hacker News discussion, LinkedIn discussion, Twitter thread] Update: My upcoming book, AI Engineering (late 2024/early 2025) will cover building aplications with foundation models in depth. A question that I’ve been asked a lot recently is how large language models (LLMs) will change machine learning workflows. After working with several companies who are working with LLM applications and persona
January 30, 2023 In this post, we'll implement a GPT from scratch in just 60 lines of numpy. We'll then load the trained GPT-2 model weights released by OpenAI into our implementation and generate some text. Note: This post assumes familiarity with Python, NumPy, and some basic experience with neural networks. This implementation is for educational purposes, so it's missing lots of features/improv
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
LogLog Games
The article is also available in Chinese. Disclaimer: This post is a very long collection of thoughts and problems I've had over the years, and also addresses some of the arguments I've been repeatedly told. This post expresses my opinion the has been formed over using Rust for gamedev for many thousands of hours over many years, and multiple finished games. This isn't meant to brag or indicate su
Functional programming is finally going mainstream Object-oriented and imperative programming aren’t going away, but functional programming is finding its way into more codebases. Klint Finley // July 12, 2022 Paul Louth had a great development team at Meddbase, the healthcare software company he founded in 2005. But as the company grew, so did their bug count. That’s expected, up to a point. More
What We Learned from a Year of Building with LLMs (Part I)
It’s an exciting time to build with large language models (LLMs). Over the past year, LLMs have become “good enough” for real-world applications. The pace of improvements in LLMs, coupled with a parade of demos on social media, will fuel an estimated $200B investment in AI by 2025. LLMs are also broadly accessible, allowing everyone, not just ML engineers and scientists, to build intelligence into
Memory Allocation
One thing that all programs on your computer have in common is a need for memory. Programs need to be loaded from your hard drive into memory before they can be run. While running, the majority of what programs do is load values from memory, do some computation on them, and then store the result back in memory. In this post I'm going to introduce you to the basics of memory allocation. Allocators
TL;DR; We are changing std::sort in LLVM’s libcxx. That’s a long story of what it took us to get there and all possible consequences, bugs you might encounter with examples from open source. We provide some benchmarks, perspective, why we did this in the first place and what it cost us with exciting ideas from Hyrum’s Law to reinforcement learning. All changes went into open source and thus I can
Update 1.69.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.69.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: 3-way merge editor - Resolve merge conflicts wit
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
The FullScreenMario project burned brightly for a few short weeks in October 2013 after Boing Boing lauded it as “a pretty impressive example of what HTML5, in-browser functionality can do.” A few days later, it went viral on Reddit and by November, attention turned to scrutiny, and Nintendo took the project down with a DMCA request. Josh Goldberg speaks of his former project with a bit of pride—i
Piccolo - A Stackless Lua Interpreter 2024-05-01 History of piccolo A "Stackless" Interpreter Design Benefits of Stackless Cancellation Pre-emptive Concurrency Fuel, Pacing, and Custom Scheduling "Symmetric" Coroutines and coroutine.yieldto The "Big Lie" Rust Coroutines, Lua Coroutines, and Snarfing Zooming Out piccolo is an interpreter for the Lua language written in pure, mostly safe Rust with a
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
Last semester at university, I took a course called "Syntax-Based Tools and Compilers". It focused on building a scanner, parser, compiler, and so on for a language called PL0. We used Python in the course, but I was really interested in learning Rust at the time. So, I decided to embark on a side project (yes, another one!). This time, I wanted to build a JSON parser in Rust. My goal was to test
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.70.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.70.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.70.3: This update is only available for Windows 7 users and is the last release supporting Windows 7. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welc
A Walk with LuaJIT
The following is a chronicle of implementing a general purpose zero-instrumentation BPF based profiler for LuaJIT. Some assumptions are made about what this entails and it may be helpful to read some of our other work in this area. One major change from prior efforts is that instead of working with the original Parca unwinder we are now working with the OpenTelemetry eBPF profiler. If you missed t
Bringing the power of AI to Windows 11 – unlocking a new era of productivity for customers and developers with Windows Copilot and Dev Home
Bringing the power of AI to Windows 11 – unlocking a new era of productivity for customers and developers with Windows Copilot and Dev Home The team and I are pumped to be back at Build with the developer community this year. Over the last year, Windows has continued to see incredible growth fueled by Windows 11 adoption. In fact, one of the most exciting areas driving that growth for Windows has
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Why People are Angry over Go 1.23 Iterators - gingerBill
NOTE: This is based on, but completely rewritten, from a Twitter post: https://x.com/TheGingerBill/status/1802645945642799423 TL;DR It makes Go feel too “functional” rather than being an unabashed imperative language. I recently saw a post on Twitter showing the upcoming Go iterator design for Go 1.23 (August 2024). From what I can gather, many people seem to dislike the design. I wanted to give m
Real-world gen AI use cases from the world's leading organizations | Google Cloud Blog
AI is here, AI is everywhere: Top companies, governments, researchers, and startups are already enhancing their work with Google's AI solutions. Published April 12, 2024; last updated October 9, 2025. A year and a half ago, during Google Cloud Next 24, we published this list for the first time. It numbered 101 entries. It felt like a lot at the time, and served as a showcase of how much momentum b
It is December. That means annoying Christmas things are everywhere, including but not limited to the annual programming semi-competition known as Advent of Code. The problem with Advent of Code is that it is a waste of time. Most of the puzzles are in the realm of either string processing (somewhat applicable to programming), logic puzzles (not really applicable to most programming), or stupid go
How a simple Linux kernel memory corruption bug can lead to complete system compromise
In this case, reallocating the object as one of those three types didn't seem to me like a nice way forward (although it should be possible to exploit this somehow with some effort, e.g. by using count.counter to corrupt the buf field of seq_file). Also, some systems might be using the slab_nomerge kernel command line flag, which disables this merging behavior. Another approach that I didn't look
Speed of Rust vs C
The run-time speed and memory usage of programs written in Rust should about the same as of programs written in C, but overall programming style of these languages is different enough that it's hard to generalize their speed. This is a summary of where they're the same, where C is faster, and where Rust is faster. Disclaimer: It's not meant to be an objective benchmark uncovering indisputable trut
I want to write a post about Pitchfork, explaining where it comes from, why it is like it is, and how I see its future. But before I can get to that, I think I need to share my mental model on a few things, in this case, Ruby’s GVL. For quite a long time, it has been said that Rails applications are mostly IO-bound, hence Ruby’s GVL isn’t that big of a deal and that has influenced the design of so
The Go Programming Language and Environment – Communications of the ACM
Go is a programming language created at Google in late 2007 and released as open source in November 2009. Since then, it has operated as a public project, with contributions from thousands of individuals and dozens of companies. Go has become a popular language for building cloud infrastructure: Docker, a Linux container manager, and Kubernetes, a container deployment system, are core cloud techno
Technical taste is different from technical skill. You can be technically strong but have bad taste, or technically weak with good taste. Like taste in general, technical taste sometimes runs ahead of your ability: just like you can tell good food from bad without being able to cook, you can know what kind of software you like before you’ve got the ability to build it. You can develop technical ab
Version 1.106 is now available! Read about the new features and fixes from October. Update 1.86.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.86.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the January 2024 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll lik
agent loop �� �p�� You are Manus, an AI agent created by the Manus team. You excel at the following tasks: 1. Information gathering, fact-checking, and documentation 2. Data processing, analysis, and visualization 3. Writing multi-chapter articles and in-depth research reports 4. Creating websites, applications, and tools 5. Using programming to solve various problems beyond development 6. Variou
11th March 2025 Online discussions about using Large Language Models to help write code inevitably produce comments from developers who’s experiences have been disappointing. They often ask what they’re doing wrong—how come some people are reporting such great results when their own experiments have proved lacking? Using LLMs to write code is difficult and unintuitive. It takes significant effort
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify
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Minimal safe Bash script template
プロと読み解く Ruby 3.0 NEWS - クックパッド開発者ブログ
The Prompt Engineering Playbook for Programmers
Building LLM applications for production
GPT in 60 Lines of NumPy | Jay Mody
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Functional programming is finally going mainstream
Changing std::sort at Google’s Scale and Beyond
June 2022 (version 1.69)
TypeScript and the dawn of gradual types
kyju.org - Piccolo - A Stackless Lua Interpreter
krish's blog • Parsing JSON in 500 lines of Rust
Implementing Logic Programming
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
February 2021 (version 1.54)
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
July 2022 (version 1.70)
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Advent of Code on the Nintendo DS
So You Want To Remove The GVL?
What is "good taste" in software engineering?
January 2024 (version 1.86)
Manus tools and prompts
Here’s how I use LLMs to help me write code
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away