Contents Command Line Interface Guidelines An open-source guide to help you write better command-line programs, taking traditional UNIX principles and updating them for the modern day. Authors Aanand Prasad Engineer at Squarespace, co-creator of Docker Compose. @aanandprasad Ben Firshman Co-creator Replicate, co-creator of Docker Compose. @bfirsh Carl Tashian Offroad Engineer at Smallstep, first e
This post is about why we need a coroutine package for Go, and what it would look like. But first, what are coroutines? Every programmer today is familiar with function calls (subroutines): F calls G, which stops F and runs G. G does its work, potentially calling and waiting for other functions, and eventually returns. When G returns, G is gone and F continues running. In this pattern, only one fu
January 30, 2023 In this post, we'll implement a GPT from scratch in just 60 lines of numpy. We'll then load the trained GPT-2 model weights released by OpenAI into our implementation and generate some text. Note: This post assumes familiarity with Python, NumPy, and some basic experience with neural networks. This implementation is for educational purposes, so it's missing lots of features/improv
PyTorch and TensorFlow are far and away the two most popular Deep Learning frameworks today. The debate over which framework is superior is a longstanding point of contentious debate, with each camp having its share of fervent supporters. Both PyTorch and TensorFlow have developed so quickly over their relatively short lifetimes that the debate landscape is ever-evolving. Outdated or incomplete in
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
Learn how Replit trains Large Language Models (LLMs) using Databricks, Hugging Face, and MosaicML IntroductionLarge Language Models, like OpenAI's GPT-4 or Google's PaLM, have taken the world of artificial intelligence by storm. Yet most companies don't currently have the ability to train these models, and are completely reliant on only a handful of large tech firms as providers of the technology.
LogLog Games
The article is also available in Chinese. Disclaimer: This post is a very long collection of thoughts and problems I've had over the years, and also addresses some of the arguments I've been repeatedly told. This post expresses my opinion the has been formed over using Rust for gamedev for many thousands of hours over many years, and multiple finished games. This isn't meant to brag or indicate su
Gamedev in Lisp. Part 1: ECS and Metalinguistic Abstraction - cl-fast-ecs by Andrew
Gamedev in Lisp. Part 1: ECS and Metalinguistic Abstraction In this series of tutorials, we will delve into creating simple 2D games in Common Lisp. The result of the first part will be a development environment setup and a basic simulation displaying a 2D scene with a large number of physical objects. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with some high-level programming language, has a gener
Update 1.69.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.69.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: 3-way merge editor - Resolve merge conflicts wit
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
How I developed a faster Ruby interpreter | Red Hat Developer
In this article, I will describe my efforts to implement a faster interpreter for CRuby, the Ruby language interpreter, using a dynamically specialized internal representation (IR). I believe this article will interest developers trying to improve the interpreter performance of dynamic programming languages (e.g., CPython developers). I will cover the following topics: Existing CRuby interpreter a
Motivation Introduction User input strace Printing non-printable stty raw -echo -isig UTF-8 Conclusion Motivation This blog series explains how modern terminals and command-line tools work. The primary goal here is to learn by experimenting. I’ll provide Linux tools to debug every component mentioned in the discussion. Our focus is to discover how things work. For the explanation of why things wor
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
How a simple Linux kernel memory corruption bug can lead to complete system compromise
In this case, reallocating the object as one of those three types didn't seem to me like a nice way forward (although it should be possible to exploit this somehow with some effort, e.g. by using count.counter to corrupt the buf field of seq_file). Also, some systems might be using the slab_nomerge kernel command line flag, which disables this merging behavior. Another approach that I didn't look
My thoughts on writing a Minecraft server from scratch (in Bash) For the past year or so, I've been thinking about writing a Minecraft server in Bash as a thought excercise. I once tried that before with the Classic protocol (the one from 2009), but I quickly realized there wasn't really a way to properly parse binary data in bash. Take the following code sample: function a() { read -n 2 uwu echo
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems With Language Models
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models Aitor Lewkowycz∗, Anders Andreassen†, David Dohan†, Ethan Dyer†, Henryk Michalewski†, Vinay Ramasesh†, Ambrose Slone, Cem Anil, Imanol Schlag, Theo Gutman-Solo, Yuhuai Wu, Behnam Neyshabur∗, Guy Gur-Ari∗, and Vedant Misra∗ Google Research Abstract Language models have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks that require
Tips on Adding JSON Output to Your CLI App - Brazil's Blog
Brazil's Blog Musings on automation, scripting, programing, DevOps, and cybersecurity A couple of years ago I wrote a somewhat controversial article on the topic of Bringing the Unix Philosophy to the 21st Century by adding a JSON output option to CLI tools. This allows easier parsing in scripts by using JSON parsing tools like jq, jello, jp, etc. without arcane awk, sed, cut, tr, reverse, etc. in
A Lisp Interpreter Implemented in Conway’s Game of Life
Lisp in Life is a Lisp interpreter implemented in Conway’s Game of Life. The entire pattern is viewable on the browser here. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time a high-level programming language was interpreted in Conway’s Game of Life. Running Lisp on the Game of Life Lisp is a language with a simple and elegant design, having an extensive ability to express sophisticated ideas as
Update 1.85.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.85.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the November 2023 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Floating editor windows - Drag and drop edit
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Python behind the scenes #13: the GIL and its effects on Python multithreading
As you probably know, the GIL stands for the Global Interpreter Lock, and its job is to make the CPython interpreter thread-safe. The GIL allows only one OS thread to execute Python bytecode at any given time, and the consequence of this is that it's not possible to speed up CPU-intensive Python code by distributing the work among multiple threads. This is, however, not the only negative effect of
arXiv:2506.12115v1 [cs.CL] 13 Jun 2025 Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools Brown Ebouky IBM Research - Zurich ETH Zurich Brown.Ebouky@ibm.com Andrea Bartezzaghi IBM Research - Zurich abt@zurich.ibm.com Mattia Rigotti IBM Research - Zurich mrg@zurich.ibm.com Abstract The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI’s o1 was met with excited spec- ulation by the AI community
RAPIDS Forest Inference Library: Prediction at 100 million rows per second
IntroductionRandom forests (RF) and gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDTs) have become workhorse models of applied machine learning. XGBoost and LightGBM, popular packages implementing GBDT models, consistently rank among the most commonly used tools by data scientists on the Kaggle platform. We see similar interest in forest-based models in industry, where they are applied to problems ranging fr
prompts.chat
Welcome to the “Awesome ChatGPT Prompts” repository! While this collection was originally created for ChatGPT, these prompts work great with other AI models like Claude, Gemini, Hugging Face Chat, Llama, Mistral, and more. ChatGPT is a web interface created by OpenAI that provides access to their GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models. The underlying models, like GPT-4o and GPT-o
Rewriting Rust
The Rust programming language feels like a first generation product. You know what I mean. Like the first iPhone - which was amazing by the way. They made an entire operating system around multitouch. A smart phone with no keyboard. And a working web browser. Within a few months, we all realised what the iPhone really wanted to be. Only, the first generation iphone wasn't quite there. It didn't ha
iOS Hacking - A Beginner’s Guide to Hacking iOS Apps [2022 Edition]
My first post will be about iOS Hacking, a topic I’m currently working on, so this will be a kind of gathering of all information I have found in my research. It must be noted that I won’t be using any MacOS tools, since the computer used for this task will be a Linux host, specifically a Debian-based distribution, in this case, Kali Linux. I will also be using ‘checkra1n’ for the device jailbreak
Posted by Natalie Silvanovich, Project Zero On January 29, 2019, a serious vulnerability was discovered in Group FaceTime which allowed an attacker to call a target and force the call to connect without user interaction from the target, allowing the attacker to listen to the target’s surroundings without their knowledge or consent. The bug was remarkable in both its impact and mechanism. The abili
July 2, 2025 Volume 23, issue 3 PDF When Is WebAssembly Going to Get DOM Support? Or, how I learned to stop worrying and love glue code Daniel Ehrenberg Is WebAssembly (Wasm) really ready for production usage in web applications, even though that usage requires integration with a web page and the APIs used to manipulate it, such as the DOM? Simultaneously, the answer to this question is that "Wasm
Mastering Customer Segmentation with LLM | Towards Data Science
Unlock advanced customer segmentation techniques using LLMs, and improve your clustering models with advanced techniques Content Table · Intro · Data · Method 1: Kmeans · Method 2: K-Prototype · Method 3: LLM + Kmeans · Conclusion Intro A customer segmentation project can be approached in multiple ways. In this article I will teach you advanced techniques, not only to define the clusters, but to a
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Rust for Secure IoT Applications: Why C Is Getting Rusty
www.embedded-world.eu Rust for Secure IoT Applications Why C Is Getting Rusty Mario Noseda, Fabian Frei, Andreas Rüst, Simon Künzli Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW) Institute of Embedded Systems (InES) Winterthur, Switzerland mario.noseda@zhaw.ch, fabian.frei@zhaw.ch, andreas.ruest@zhaw.ch, simon.kuenzli@zhaw.ch Abstract— Memory corruption is still the most used type of exploit in toda
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Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
Renato Athaydes
Revenge of Lisp (Part 1⁄2) Background vector created by upklyak - www.freepik.com This may surprise you if you know me, but I’ve been learning Common Lisp for a few weeks now. It all started when I was reading, funnily enough, a blog post about another, much more hyped, language called Julia. The post was titled Julia and the reincarnation of Lisp, and in it the author lamented that despite his lo
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.73.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the October 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Searc
In this post, I will explain the details of how RWKV generates text. For a high level overview of what RWKV is and what is so special about it, check out the other post about RWKV. To explain exactly how RWKV works, I think it is easiest to look at a simple implementation of it. The following ~100 line code (based on RWKV in 150 lines) is a minimal implementation of a relatively small (430m parame
Plan 9 Desktop Guide
PLAN 9 DESKTOP GUIDE INDEX What is Plan 9? Limitations and Workarounds Connecting to Other Systems VNC RDP SSH 9P Other methods Porting Applications Emulating other Operating Systems Virtualizing other Operating Systems Basics Window Management Copy Pasting Essential Programs Manipulating Text in the Terminal Acme - The Do It All Application Multiple Workspaces Tiling Windows Plumbing System Admin
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Command Line Interface Guidelines
research!rsc: Coroutines for Go
GPT in 60 Lines of NumPy | Jay Mody
PyTorch vs TensorFlow in 2023
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Replit — How to train your own Large Language Models
June 2022 (version 1.69)
How terminal works. Part 1: Xterm, user input
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
My thoughts on writing a Minecraft server from scratch (in Bash)
November 2023 (version 1.85)
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools
The State of State Machines
When Is WebAssembly Going to Get DOM Support? - ACM Queue
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
Vim9 script for Python Developers · GitHub
October 2022 (version 1.73)
How the RWKV language model works