MBTiles - OpenStreetMap Wiki

MBTiles is a file format for storing map tiles in a single file. It is, technically, a SQLite database. Latest format specification as of Feb 2018 is 1.3. Serving MBTiles Since the only qualification for implementing languages is basic SQLite support, the logic is easily ported. A list of implementations is maintained by the project. A simple PHP MBTiles Server script for serving image tiles only:

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“a file format for storing map tiles in a single file. It is, technically, a SQLite database”