Comparing Aerial and Satellite Images of China's Spratly Outposts | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Comparing Aerial and Satellite Images of China’s Spratly Outposts On February 5, the Philippine Daily Inquirer published a series of aerial photos of China’s seven outposts in the Spratly Islands. The photos, most of which were taken in late 2017 by an unspecified patrol aircraft from an altitude of 5,000 feet (1,500 meters), offered glimpses of Beijing’s military facilities at a level of detail r
Freedom of Navigation in the South China Sea: A Practical Guide | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Freedom of Navigation in the South China Sea: A Practical Guide Freedom of Navigation Operations (FONOPs) are one of the principal tools by which the United States challenges maritime claims deemed excessive under international law. Although the U.S. Navy has conducted FONOPs all over the world for nearly 40 years, recent operations began garnering unprecedented publicity as a point of friction wi
Vietnam Builds Up Its Remote Outposts | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Reports suggest that Hanoi recently halted oil and gas drilling in Block 136-03 on Vanguard Bank in response to a Chinese threat of force against Vietnamese outposts in the area. That claim is impossible to verify, but the story highlights the vulnerability of Vietnam’s many smaller installations in and around the Spratly Islands. AMTI has previously examined Vietnam’s expansion of all but 2 of th
最新消息：中国三大岛军事部署即将完工 | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
更新时间：2017 年 6 月 29 日 新的卫星图像显示，中国在持续专注于就南海争端的基本管理原则与东南亚国家进行磋商的同时，也在积极推进南沙群岛军事和军民两用设施建设。中国日前在永暑礁、美济礁和渚碧礁大力部署新的导弹掩体、雷达/通信设施和其他基础设施，此举表明，尽管该地区正在进行和平谈判，但中国仍将继续发展其军事投送能力。 永暑礁目前仍是中国在南海地区打造的最先进军事基地。今年 2 月，AMTI 发现三大岛上均修建了 8 个带伸缩顶棚的加固掩体，据路透社早先报道，这些掩体将用于存储导弹发射器。中国现已在永暑礁修建 4 个额外掩体，而渚碧礁和美济礁尚无关于此方面的部署。 同时，中国也在紧锣密鼓地扩展这几座人工岛上已颇为先进的通信和雷达能力。美济礁南侧的某个前哨站正在建造一个巨大的天线阵列，据此推测可能会增强中国对周边活动的监测能力。鉴于美济礁毗邻巴拉望、礼乐滩和仁爱礁，此举将引起马尼拉方
Key Resolve and Foal Eagle: Past as Prologue on the Peninsula? | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Key Resolve and Foal Eagle: Past as Prologue on the Peninsula? The first week of March marks the start of Key Resolve and Foal Eagle, which – together with Ulchi Freedom Guardian in the late summer – are the largest U.S.-Republic of Korea (ROK) military exercises held in South Korea each year. They consist of two separate drills, with Key Resolve lasting around one week and involving drills at the
South China Sea Guidelines for the New Administration | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
A critical and early Chinese test of U.S. resolve is likely to come in the South China Sea, where Washington has struggled to respond effectively to assertive Chinese behavior. Enduring U.S. interests — freedom of navigation and overflight, support for the rules-based international order, and the peaceful resolution of disputes — are at risk in the region. U.S. goals to uphold regional alliances a
UPDATED: Vietnam Responds with Spratly Air Upgrades | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Updated: December 1, 2016 In the last two weeks, Vietnam has made significant progress on its land reclamation and upgrades of air infrastructure at Spratly Island. New imagery shows that Vietnam has nearly completed its extension of the islet’s runway, which will measure approximately 4,000 feet when finished. This confirms AMTI’s earlier speculation that the runway will be able to accommodate mo
China Preps Spratlys for Military Aircraft
7 月 12 日，民用飞机首次降落在渚碧礁和美济礁，至此，中国在有争议的南沙群岛拥有了三条可使用的跑道。除了今年早些时候军用运输机短暂访问永暑礁外，没有证据表明中国已在这些前哨部署军用飞机。但在这三个地物快速建造加强的机库表明，这一情况很可能会改变。这三个岛屿很快都将拥有可容纳 24 架喷气式战斗机和 3-4 架更大型飞机的机库。 永暑礁、渚碧礁和美济礁的施工遵循标准方案。正在建造的是最小、最多的机库，其中每个建筑有 4 至 6 个机库。这些机库可以轻松容纳解放军空军或海军航空部队的任何喷气式战斗机，包括 J-11 和 Su-30。第二种类型的机库足以容纳 H-6 轰炸机和 H-6U 加油机、Y-8 运输机和 KJ200 空中预警与指挥控制飞机。最大的机库可容纳中国军队中最大的飞机——Y-20 和 Il-76 运输机、Il-78 加油机和 KJ-2000 预警机。 永暑礁 跑道南端的喷气式
Atlas | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Browse the Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative atlas for original maps that explain maritime security in Asia.18 Maps That Explain Maritime Security in Asia Maps are powerful tools for understanding the complexities of maritime Asia. Explore trade, natural resources, multilateral memberships, territorial and maritime issues, and the military balance in the region. Click on a map to enlarge the i
Arbitration on the South China Sea: Rulings from the Hague
PHILIPPINES FILES CASE AGAINST PRC The Philippines initiates proceedings against the PRC under Annex VII to UNCLOS. The Notification and Statement of Claim outlines the Philippines’ grievances against China and legal base for its claims, as well as discusses the nature of the various maritime features in question. It states that the Philippines is seeking a ruling that declares that claims in in t
Home | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Vietnam has significantly accelerated the expansion of its outposts in the Spratly Islands over the last six months, creating almost as much new land as it had in the previous two years combined and putting Hanoi on pace for a record year of island building in 2024. Since AMTI’s last update in November of 2023, […] Continue Reading
Arbitration Support Tracker | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Update 11/7/2023: In light of a statement of support made by Portugal’s Foreign Minister on July 28, 2023, Portugal has been moved from the “Positively Acknowledging Ruling” category to “Supporting Ruling” category. Update 09/14/2023: In light of the joint statement issued by the United States, Japan, and South Korea on August 18, 2023, South Korea has been moved from the “Positively Acknowledging
East China Sea Tensions: Approaching a Slow Boil
Mounting tensions over the disputed Senkaku Islands have been a constant in Sino-Japanese relations since Tokyo purchased three of the five islands in 2012. For the last four years, Chinese coast guard vessels have regularly patrolled in the vicinity of the East China Sea islands and have often entered within the 12-nautical-mile territorial sea around the Senkakus, engaging in a cat-and-mouse gam
The Evolution of Asia's Contested Waters | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
The Evolution of Asia’s Contested Waters Asia’s maritime disputes extend well beyond just the East and South China Sea. From the Indian Ocean to the Sea of Okhotsk, the region is home to stubbornly persistent disputes over waters, seabed, and the resources they hold. Progress has been frustratingly slow, but the landscape of Asia’s contested maritime space has not remained static during the twenty
Xi in Washington: Outcomes Explained | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Xi in Washington Chinese president Xi Jinping landed in Seattle on September 22 for a weeklong trip to the United States that included his first state visit to Washington and an address to the United Nations in New York. In a joint press conference with President Barack Obama following a meeting at the White House, the Chinese leader raised eyebrows by insisting that Beijing does not intend to mil
Remembering WWII in Maritime Asia | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
On August 15, 2015, the world observes the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in the Pacific Theater. This edition of AMTI commemorates the conclusion of the conflict and its legacy for maritime Asia. Read special features on the strategic role that maritime Asia played for the victorious allies, including the United States, European powers, and the Soviet Union, as the war ended.
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China’s New Spratly Island Defenses | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
Vietnam’s Island Building: Double-Standard or Drop in the Bucket?
Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative | Cuarteron Reef Tracker
敦谦沙洲追踪器 | Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
