R: Transfer Binary Data To and From Connections
Details These functions can only be used with binary-mode connections. If con is a character string, the functions call file to obtain a binary-mode file connection which is opened for the duration of the function call. If the connection is open it is read/written from its current position. If it is not open, it is opened for the duration of the call in an appropriate mode (binary read or write) a
R: Value of Last Evaluated Expression
Description The value of the internal evaluation of a top-level R expression is always assigned to .Last.value (in package:base) before further processing (e.g., printing). Usage .Last.value Details The value of a top-level assignment is put in .Last.value, unlike S. Do not assign to .Last.value in the workspace, because this will always mask the object of the same name in package:base. See Also e
R: Read from or Write to a Socket
Value read.socket returns the string read as a length-one character vector. write.socket returns the number of bytes written. Author(s) Thomas Lumley See Also close.socket, make.socket Examples finger <- function(user, host = "localhost", port = 79, print = TRUE) { if (!is.character(user)) stop("user name must be a string") user <- paste(user,"\r\n") socket <- make.socket(host, port) on.exit(close
R: Asserting Error Conditions
Description When testing code, it is not sufficient to check that results are correct, but also that errors or warnings are signalled in appropriate situations. The functions described here provide a convenient facility for doing so. The three functions check that evaluating the supplied expression produces an error, a warning or one of a specified list of conditions, respectively. If the assertio
R: Initialization at Start of an R Session
Initialization at Start of an R Session Description In R, the startup mechanism is as follows. Unless --no-environ was given on the command line, R searches for site and user files to process for setting environment variables. The name of the site file is the one pointed to by the environment variable R_ENVIRON; if this is unset, ‘R_HOME/etc/Renviron.site’ is used (if it exists, which it does not
R: The Logistic Distribution
Description Density, distribution function, quantile function and random generation for the logistic distribution with parameters location and scale. Usage dlogis(x, location = 0, scale = 1, log = FALSE) plogis(q, location = 0, scale = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE) qlogis(p, location = 0, scale = 1, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE) rlogis(n, location = 0, scale = 1) Arguments
R: Sweep out Array Summaries
logical. If TRUE (the default), warn if the length or dimensions of STATS do not match the specified dimensions of x. Set to FALSE for a small speed gain when you know that dimensions match. Details FUN is found by a call to match.fun. As in the default, binary operators can be supplied if quoted or backquoted. FUN should be a function of two arguments: it will be called with arguments x and an ar
R: Random Samples and Permutations
Details If x has length 1, is numeric (in the sense of is.numeric) and x >= 1, sampling via sample takes place from 1:x. Note that this convenience feature may lead to undesired behaviour when x is of varying length in calls such as sample(x). See the examples. Otherwise x can be any R object for which length and subsetting by integers make sense: S3 or S4 methods for these operations will be disp
R: Load or Save or Display the Commands History
Description Load or save or display the commands history. Usage loadhistory(file = ".Rhistory") savehistory(file = ".Rhistory") history(max.show = 25, reverse = FALSE, pattern, ...) timestamp(stamp = date(), prefix = "##------ ", suffix = " ------##", quiet = FALSE) Arguments The name of the file in which to save the history, or from which to load it. The path is relative to the current working di
R: Add Grid to a Plot
Description grid adds an nx by ny rectangular grid to an existing plot. Usage grid(nx = NULL, ny = nx, col = "lightgray", lty = "dotted", lwd = par("lwd"), equilogs = TRUE, nintLog = NULL) Arguments number of cells of the grid in x and y direction. When NULL, as per default, the grid aligns with the tick marks on the corresponding default axis (i.e., tickmarks as computed by axTicks). When NA, no
R: Nearest Positive Definite Matrix
Description Compute the nearest positive definite matrix to an approximate one, typically a correlation or variance-covariance matrix. Usage nearPD(x, corr = FALSE, keepDiag = FALSE, base.matrix = FALSE, do2eigen = TRUE, doSym = FALSE, doDykstra = TRUE, only.values = FALSE, ensureSymmetry = !isSymmetric(x), eig.tol = 1e-06, conv.tol = 1e-07, posd.tol = 1e-08, maxit = 100, conv.norm.type = "I", tra
R: Names and Symbols
Description A ‘name’ (also known as a ‘symbol’) is a way to refer to R objects by name (rather than the value of the object, if any, bound to that name). as.name and as.symbol are identical: they attempt to coerce the argument to a name. is.symbol and the identical is.name return TRUE or FALSE depending on whether the argument is a name or not. Usage as.symbol(x) is.symbol(x) as.name(x) is.name(x)
R: Bartlett Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Description Performs Bartlett's test of the null that the variances in each of the groups (samples) are the same. Usage bartlett.test(x, ...) ## Default S3 method: bartlett.test(x, g, ...) ## S3 method for class 'formula' bartlett.test(formula, data, subset, na.action, ...) Arguments a numeric vector of data values, or a list of numeric data vectors representing the respective samples, or fitted l
R: Install Add-on Packages
a space-separated list of options through which in particular the process for building the help files can be controlled. Use R CMD INSTALL --help for the full current list of options. Details This will stop at the first error, so if you want all the pkgs to be tried, call this via a shell loop. If used as R CMD INSTALL pkgs without explicitly specifying lib, packages are installed into the library
R: Two-way Interaction Plot
Description Plots the mean (or other summary) of the response for two-way combinations of factors, thereby illustrating possible interactions. Usage interaction.plot(x.factor, trace.factor, response, fun = mean, type = c("l", "p", "b", "o", "c"), legend = TRUE, trace.label = deparse1(substitute(trace.factor)), fixed = FALSE, xlab = deparse1(substitute(x.factor)), ylab = ylabel, ylim = range(cells,
R: Dates of Coal Mining Disasters
Description The coal data frame has 191 rows and 1 columns. This data frame gives the dates of 191 explosions in coal mines which resulted in 10 or more fatalities. The time span of the data is from March 15, 1851 until March 22 1962. Usage coal Format This data frame contains the following column: date The date of the disaster. The integer part of date gives the year. The day is represented as th
R: Binding and Environment Locking, Active Bindings
Details The function lockEnvironment locks its environment argument. Locking the environment prevents adding or removing variable bindings from the environment. Changing the value of a variable is still possible unless the binding has been locked. The namespace environments of packages with namespaces are locked when loaded. lockBinding locks individual bindings in the specified environment. The v
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R: The R Base Package
R: Box Plots
R: Rotation Methods for Factor Analysis