痛みと鎮痛の基礎知識 - Pain Relief ー歴史
鍼治療は、古代中国よりも古くから古代ヨーロッパで行われていた可能性がある。1991年にオーストリアのエッツタール渓谷から発見されたミイラには刺青があり、その位置はツボを連想させる部位が多いようだ。 ⇒詳細 Sumerian シュメール人 のclay tablets 粘土板（Cuneiform script 楔形文字で書かれている）に、アヘン↓1の最初の記載があった。 ⇒詳細 シュメール人の粘土板の記録では、アヘンのほかに、⇒マンドレーク↓1、⇒ヒヨス↓1なども、鎮痛薬として使われていたことが記載されている 地中海の Crete Islandクレタ島のKnossosの西のGoziの小さい村の神社から、「Poppy Goddess ケシの女神像《が1936年に発見された。Herakleion Museum所蔵。ミノア文明（前3500〜1500年）のものとみられる。高さ79cmの像で、３本のケシ
Laziness - Wikipedia
Scene in club lounge, by Thomas Rowlandson Laziness (also known as indolence or sloth) is disinclination to activity or exertion despite having the ability to act or to exert oneself. It is often used as a pejorative; terms for a person seen to be lazy include "couch potato", "slacker", and "bludger". Related concepts include sloth, a Christian sin, abulia, a medical term for reduced motivation, a
Suffering - Wikipedia
Jeremy Bentham developed hedonistic utilitarianism, a popular doctrine in ethics, politics, and economics. Bentham argued that the right act or policy was that which would cause "the greatest happiness of the greatest number". He suggested a procedure called hedonic or felicific calculus, for determining how much pleasure and pain would result from any action. John Stuart Mill improved and promote
Pain - Wikipedia
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."[1] Pain motivates organisms to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to
Enthusiasm - Wikipedia
In modern usage, enthusiasm refers to intense enjoyment, interest, or approval expressed by a person. The term is related to playfulness, inventiveness, optimism, zest, verve, and high energy.[1] The word was originally used to refer to a person possessed by God, or someone who exhibited intense piety. Historical usage[edit] Methodist preachers have been known for their enthusiasm in promulgating
Annoyance - Wikipedia
"Annoy" redirects here. For the minesweeper, see USS Annoy (AM-84). For the website, see annoy.com. For the comedy club, see Annoyance Theatre. Annoyance is an unpleasant mental state that is characterized by irritation and distraction from one's conscious thinking. It can lead to emotions such as frustration and anger. The property of being easily annoyed is called irritability. Psychology[edit]
Recreation - Wikipedia
Surfing, a form of recreationRecreation is an activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.[1] The "need to do something for recreation" is an essential element of human biology and psychology.[2] Recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or pleasure and are considered to be "fun". Etymology[edit] The term recreation appears to have been used in English first in the
Aesthetic taste - Wikipedia
"Good taste" redirects here. For the short story by Isaac Asimov, see Good Taste. For Kant, beauty is not a property of any object, but an aesthetic judgement based on a subjective feeling. In aesthetics, the concept of taste has been the interest of philosophers such as Plato, Hume, and Kant. It is defined by the ability to make valid judgments about an object's aesthetic value. However, these ju
Taste - Wikipedia
This article is about the sense. For the social and aesthetic aspects of "taste", see Taste (sociology). For other uses, see Taste (disambiguation). Taste bud The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor).[1] Taste is the perception stimulated when a substance in the mouth reacts chemically with taste receptor cells
Nausea - Wikipedia
Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.[1] While not painful, it can be a debilitating symptom if prolonged and has been described as placing discomfort on the chest, abdomen, or back of the throat.[2] Over 30 definitions of nausea were proposed in a 2011 book on the topic.[3] Nausea is a non-specific symptom, which means that it has many po
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