2 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Bonita Ruth. Basic epidemiology / R. Bonita R. Beaglehole T. Kjellström. 2nd edition. 1.Epidemiology. 2.Manuals. I.Beaglehole Robert. II.Kjellström Tord. III.World Health Organization. ISBN 92 4 154707 3 NLM classification: WA 105 ISBN 978 92 4 154707 9 © World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization
The department supports countries in moving their health systems towards universal health coverage, through equitable access to quality health services that are integrated, safe and people-centred across the care continuum. The department also leads the WHO efforts on essential health services and systems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
© WHO / Blink Media / Etinosa Yvonne Nurse Peace counsels a patient prior to a cervical cancer screening in Minna, Nigeria. Key factsCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally with around 660 000 new cases and around 350 000 deaths in 2022. The highest rates of cervical cancer incidence and mortality are in low- and middle-income countries. This reflects major inequities dr
Kate Holt/Africa Practice A girl collects water from a stand pipe in Costa del Sol near Maputo, Mozambique in April 2009 Key facts In 2021, over 2 billion people live in water-stressed countries, which is expected to be exacerbated in some regions as result of climate change and population growth (1). In 2022, globally, at least 1.7 billion people use a drinking water source contaminated with faec
The environment is a major determinant of health, estimated to account for almost 20% of all deaths in the WHO European Region. In 1989, concerned about the growing evidence of the impact of hazardous environments on human health, WHO/Europe initiated the first ever environment and health process, towards a broad primary prevention public health approach, and to facilitate intersectoral policy-mak
© WHO/Tania Seburyamo Primary screening includes temperature measurement and visual observation of travelers to look for signs of illness. International travel can pose various risks to health, depending on the characteristics of both the traveller and the travel. Travellers may encounter sudden and significant changes in altitude, humidity, microbes, and temperature, which can result in ill-healt
More than 80% of people living in urban areas that monitor air pollution are exposed to air quality levels that exceed WHO limits. While all regions of the world are affected, populations in low-income cities are the most impacted. According to the latest urban air quality database, 98% of cities in low- and middle income countries with more than 100 000 inhabitants do not meet WHO air quality gui
The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use cannabis The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. 1.Cannabis – adverse effects. 2.Marijuana Smoking. 3.Marijuana Abuse. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 151024 0 (NLM classification:WM 276) ©World Health Organizatio
An integral part of WHO headquarters, the Centre for Health Development (Kobe):CONDUCTS research on innovationsCREATES evidence-based policy optionsCONVENES AND COLLABORATES with multiple partners across disciplines and sectorsCONTRIBUTES to building holistic and sustainable health and social systems Building evidence for strengthening and transforming health and social delivery systems to maximiz
An integral part of WHO headquarters, the Centre for Health Development (Kobe):CONDUCTS research on innovationsCREATES evidence-based policy optionsCONVENES AND COLLABORATES with multiple partners across disciplines and sectorsCONTRIBUTES to building holistic and sustainable health and social systems Building evidence for strengthening and transforming health and social delivery systems to maximiz
Lessons from Fukushima: scientists need to communicate better Roy Shore was the co-chair of a scientific panel that compiled the WHO Health risk assessment from the nuclear accident after the 2011 great East Japan earthquake and tsunami released in February. He talks to Fiona Fleck about the challenges of producing valid science in a highly charged environment. Roy Shore is the chief of research a
We have developed a set of posters Depression: Let's talk for use in campaign activities and beyond. Each poster depicts a conversation between two people about depression: for example, a mother and daughter; a mother with her young baby and a health-care worker; a student and teacher; two men at work; and an older women with a younger woman. Posters are available in Arabic, Chinese, English, Fren
World Mental Health Day 2016 Psychological first aid When terrible things happen in our communities, we can reach out a helping hand to those who are affected. Perhaps you find yourself at the scene of an accident where people are hurt. Perhaps you are a health-care worker or teacher talking with someone from your community who has just witnessed the violent death of a loved one. Perhaps you are c
An integral part of WHO headquarters, the Centre for Health Development (Kobe):CONDUCTS research on innovationsCREATES evidence-based policy optionsCONVENES AND COLLABORATES with multiple partners across disciplines and sectorsCONTRIBUTES to building holistic and sustainable health and social systems Building evidence for strengthening and transforming health and social delivery systems to maximiz
World report on violence and health World report on violence and health WHO Violence cuts short the lives of millions of people across the world each year, and damages the lives of millions more. It knows no boundaries of geography, race, age or income. It strikes at children, young people, women and the elderly. It finds its way into homes, schools and the workplace. Men and women everywhere have
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