Sections What is time Representing time Where do we usually find time on Unix System time, hardware time, internal timers Syncing time with external sources What depends on time Human perception of time What is time Time is relative Measuring time and standards Coordinating time Time zones DST Time, a word that is entangled in everything in our lives, something we’re intimately familiar with. Keep
Secrets from the Algorithm: Google Search’s Internal Engineering Documentation Has Leaked
Google, if you’re reading this, it’s too late. Ok. Cracks knuckles. Let’s get right to it. Internal documentation for Google Search’s Content Warehouse API has leaked. Google’s internal microservices appear to mirror what Google Cloud Platform offers and the internal version of documentation for the deprecated Document AI Warehouse was accidentally published publicly to a code repository for the c
Good Data Analysis | Machine Learning | Google for Developers
Good Data Analysis Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. Author: Patrick Riley Special thanks to: Diane Tang, Rehan Khan, Elizabeth Tucker, Amir Najmi, Hilary Hutchinson, Joel Darnauer, Dale Neal, Aner Ben-Artzi, Sanders Kleinfeld, David Westbrook, and Barry Rosenberg. History Last Major Update: Jun. 2019 An earlier version of some of this material
SAD DNS Explained
This week, at the ACM CCS 2020 conference, researchers from UC Riverside and Tsinghua University announced a new attack against the Domain Name System (DNS) called SAD DNS (Side channel AttackeD DNS). This attack leverages recent features of the networking stack in modern operating systems (like Linux) to allow attackers to revive a classic attack category: DNS cache poisoning. As part of a coordi
Troubling Trends in Machine Learning Scholarship
By Zachary C. Lipton* & Jacob Steinhardt* *equal authorship Originally presented at ICML 2018: Machine Learning Debates [arXiv link] Published in Communications of the ACM 1 Introduction Collectively, machine learning (ML) researchers are engaged in the creation and dissemination of knowledge about data-driven algorithms. In a given paper, researchers might aspire to any subset of the following
What if we actually could replace Git? Jujutsu might give us a real shot. Assumed audience: People who have worked with Git or other modern version control systems like Mercurial, Darcs, Pijul, Bazaar, etc., and have at least a basic idea of how they work. Jujutsu is a new version control system from a software engineer at Google, where it is on track to replace Google’s existing version control s
分散形態論 - Wikipedia
分散形態論（Distributed Morphology）は、生成言語学において1993年にモリス・ハレとアレック・マランツによって導入された理論的枠組みである[1][注釈 1]。分散形態論の中心的な主張は語の構築と文の構築の間には境界がないということである。統語部門が句と語のいずれについてもその音と意味の対応を形成する唯一の生成動力 (single generative engine)として位置付けられる。このアプローチは派生語の形成が行われたり特異な意味が貯蔵されたりする部門としてのレキシコン (Lexicon)という伝統的な概念に対して異議を唱えている。分散形態論においては、初期の生成言語学で語形成を担っていた統一されたレキシコンは存在せず、他の理論でレキシコンにあるとされる諸機能は文法の複数の部門に分散している。 分散形態論の概要[編集] 分散形態論では統語部門のみが語の形成と句の
The emerging norm for web development is to build a React single-page application, with server rendering. The two key elements of this architecture are something like: The main UI is built & updated in JavaScript using React or something similar.The backend is an API that that application makes requests against.This idea has really swept the internet. It started with a few major popular websites a
Typeclass metaprogramming is a powerful technique available to Haskell programmers to automatically generate term-level code from static type information. It has been used to great effect in several popular Haskell libraries (such as the servant ecosystem), and it is the core mechanism used to implement generic programming via GHC generics. Despite this, remarkably little material exists that expl
Simply Parse in C
by Chloe Kudryavtsev People are terrified of parsers and parsing. To the point of using magical libraries with custom syntaxes to learn just to get started. In the hopes of completely shattering this preconception, I will write a parser for the “ini” file format in about 150 lines of pure and readable ISO C99. Furthermore, this parser will be something that's nice to use and has error correcting f
Defunctionalization and Freyd’s Theorem Posted by Bartosz Milewski under Category Theory, Programming [9] Comments The main idea of functional programming is to treat functions like any other data types. In particular, we want to be able to pass functions as arguments to other functions, return them as values, and store them in data structures. But what kind of data type is a function? It’s a type
COVID ECONOMICS VETTED AND REAL-TIME PAPERS FROM THE GREAT RECESSION TO THE PANDEMIC RECESSION Francis X. Diebold ELECTORAL POLITICS AND SMALL BUSINESS LOANS Ran Duchin and John Hackney GROWTH FORECASTS AT END-2020 Javier G. Gómez-Pineda STOP-AND-GO EPIDEMIC CONTROL Claudius Gros and Daniel Gros CONSUMPTION RESPONSES TO STIMULUS PAYMENTS So Kubota, Koichiro Onishi and Yuta Toyama CHILD CARE CLOSUR
What_killed_Haskell_could_kill_Rust.md At the beginning of 2030, I found this essay in my archives. From what I know today, I think it was very insightful at the moment of writing. And I feel it should be published because it can teach us, Rust developers, how to prevent that sad story from happening again. What killed Haskell, could kill Rust, too What killed Haskell, could kill Rust, too. Why wo
Sets Let’s begin our inquiry by looking at the basic theory of sets. Set theory and category theory share many similarities. We can view category theory as a generalization of set theory. That is, it’s meant to describe the same thing as set theory (everything?), but to do it in a more abstract manner, one that is more versatile and (hopefully) simpler. In other words, sets are an example of a cat
A birthday present every eleven wallets? The security of customer-chosen banking PINs Joseph Bonneau, Sören Preibusch, Ross Anderson Computer Laboratory University of Cambridge {jcb82,sdp36,rja14}@cl.cam.ac.uk Abstract. We provide the first published estimates of the difficulty of guessing a human-chosen 4-digit PIN. We begin with two large sets of 4-digit sequences chosen outside banking for onl
Introduction The story behind this article is very simple, I wanted to learn about new C++20 language features and to have a brief summary for all of them on a single page. So, I decided to read all proposals and create this “cheat sheet” that explains and demonstrates each feature. This is not a “best practices” kind of article, it serves only demonstrational purpose. Most examples were inspired
A note to keep track of when we last watered each of our house plants. Dates that are overdue for watering are highlighted in red. 💡 Try it: Edit one of the dates to be today's date, or just click the 🚿 button. A workshop agenda. Each line has a duration, and the start/end times are computed. If you use the arrow keys to move the cursor to a line beginning, you'll see the duration. 💡 Try it: Ad
Make Something WonderfulSteve Jobs in his own wordsThere’s lots of ways to be, as a person. And some people express their deep appreciation in different ways. But one of the ways that I believe people express their appreciation to the rest of humanity is to make something wonderful and put it out there. And you never meet the people. You never shake their hands. You never hear their story or tell
Measuring Developer Productivity: Real-World Examples
👋 Hi, this is Gergely with a free issue of the Pragmatic Engineer Newsletter. In every issue, I cover challenges at Big Tech and startups through the lens of engineering managers and senior engineers. To get issues like this in your inbox, weekly, subscribe: Subscribe now Before we start, a note: I’m speaking at Craft Conference 2024. I’ll be delivering the keynote entitled “What’s Old is New Aga
15th Aug. 2020 更新 by Akihiko Koga, 10th Aug. 2017 初出 このページの内容 動機 色々な圏論の教科書 圏論のいろいろなテキストを紹介しているサイト 主な教科書の概要 Steve Awodey : Category Theory, Tom Leinster : Basic Category Theory, 2014, M. Barr and C. Wells : Category Theory for Computing Science, 1998, 558ページ, Peter Smith : Category Theory : Gentle Introduction, 2016 (当面保留), David I. Spivak: Category Theory for the Sciences, 2014, 263 pages, Benjami
I’m a fairly frequent Hacker News lurker, especially when I have some other important task that I’m avoiding. I normally head to the Active page (lots of comments, good for procrastination) and pick a nice long discussion thread to browse. So over time I’ve ended up with a good sense of what topics come up a lot. “The Bay Area is too expensive.” “There are too many JavaScript frameworks.” “Bootcam
Annotated history of modern AI and deep neural networks
For a while, DanNet enjoyed a monopoly. From 2011 to 2012 it won every contest it entered, winning four of them in a row (15 May 2011, 6 Aug 2011, 1 Mar 2012, 10 Sep 2012).[GPUCNN5] In particular, at IJCNN 2011 in Silicon Valley, DanNet blew away the competition and achieved the first superhuman visual pattern recognition[DAN1] in an international contest. DanNet was also the first deep CNN to win
More Kawaii than a Real-Person Live Streamer: Understanding How the Otaku Community Engages with and Perceives Virtual YouTubers
More Kawaii than a Real-Person Live Streamer: Understanding How the Otaku Community Engages with and Perceives Virtual YouTubers Zhicong Lu City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong zhicong.lu@cityu.edu.hk Chenxinran Shen University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada elise.shen@mail.utoronto.ca Jiannan Li University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada jiannanli@dgp.toronto.edu Hong Shen Carnegie Mell
Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking
RESEARCH REPORT Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking Marily Oppezzo and Daniel L. Schwartz Stanford University Four experiments demonstrate that walking boosts creative ideation in real time and shortly after. In Experiment 1, while seated and then when walking on a treadmill, adults completed Guilford’s alternate uses (GAU) test of creative divergent thin
References are like jumps
In a high-level language, the programmer is deprived of the dangerous power to update his own program while it is running. Even more valuable, he has the power to split his machine into a number of separate variables, arrays, files, etc.; when he wishes to update any of these he must quote its name explicitly on the left of the assignment, so that the identity of the part of the machine subject to
Let installed web applications be file handlers | Capabilities | Chrome for Developers
Now that web apps are capable of reading and writing files, the next logical step is to let developers declare these very web apps as file handlers for the files their apps can create and process. The File Handling API allows you to do exactly this. After registering a text editor app as a file handler and after installing it, you can right-click a .txt file on macOS and select "Get Info" to then
Functor, applicative, and monad are related concepts that frequently arise in functional programming. These three ideas give a name to common patterns across different operations defined on different data types, so recognizing their occurrences are important. However, these entities are shrouded in mystery, being associated with "category theory," and in particular, monads have been elevated to a
The era of Artificial Intelligence is here, and boy are people freaking out. Fortunately, I am here to bring the good news: AI will not destroy the world, and in fact may save it. First, a short description of what AI is: The application of mathematics and software code to teach computers how to understand, synthesize, and generate knowledge in ways similar to how people do it. AI is a computer pr
Exactly ten years ago today, we published "Why We Created Julia", introducing the Julia project to the world. At this point, we have moved well past the ambitious goals set out in the original blog post. Julia is now used by hundreds of thousands of people. It is taught at hundreds of universities and entire companies are being formed that build their software stacks on Julia. From personalized me
Think in Math. Write in Code. 6/8/19 Programmers love to discuss programming languages. We not only debate their technical merits and aesthetic qualities, but they become integrated into our personal identities, along with the values and traits that we associate with them. Some even defend a form of Linguistic Determinism that thinking is confined to what the language makes typable. Since we spend
Free monads in the real world
After finishing my master’s degree, I applied to several companies I was interested in. During one of the selection processes, the interviewer asked me to do the following exercise: “Write a stack-based interpreted language that includes: literals, arithmetic operations, variables, and control flow primitives. As a bonus, add asynchronous primitives such as fork and await.” Fortunately, I was alre
// A generator effect with one operation effect yield<a> fun yield( x : a ) : () // Traverse a list and yield the elements fun traverse( xs : list<a> ) : yield<a> () match xs Cons(x,xx) -> { yield(x); traverse(xx) } Nil -> () fun main() : console () with fun yield(i : int) println("yielded " ++ i.show) [1,2,3].traverse // A generator effect with one operation effectindex/yield: (V, E, V) -> V yiel
Intended Uses Primary use cases The model is intended for broad commercial and research use in English. The model provides uses for general purpose AI systems and applications with visual and text input capabilities which require memory/compute constrained environments; latency bound scenarios; general image understanding; OCR; chart and table understanding. Our model is designed to accelerate res
Why does DARPA work?
Stay in the Loop This is hopefully only the beginning of a larger project! How can we enable more science fiction to become reality? If you want to do something, it usually pays to study those who have done that thing successfully in the past. Asking ‘what is this outlier’s production function?’ can provide a starting point. DARPA is an outlier organization in the world of turning science fiction
What’s New in Emacs 28.1? Learn what's new in Emacs 28.1 It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up your Emacs experience. A critical issue surrounding the use of ligatures also fixed; without it, you couldn’t use li
このページについて ※特に断らない限り、圏はlocally smallであると仮定しています。 ※上から順に読むことを想定しています。 ※定義が書いてない言葉があったりするので、その場合はnLabを見るなりしてください。 ※選択公理は特に断らず使います。 意見・質問・感想・誤字や数学的間違いの指摘などはTwitterまでお願いします。 ★お知らせ★ このページのPDFが紙の本になりました。↓のリンクから購入することができます。 全ての概念はKan拡張である: 第0章～第2章(Cauchy完備化は除く) 全ての概念はKan拡張であるII～豊穣圏論～: 第3章 2-category、豊穣圏 ■PDFの量が多すぎると思うので第0章～Kan拡張のPDF(kan_extension.pdf)までの内容を短くまとめたPDFを作りました⇒可能な限り最短でKan 拡張に到達する (2023-09-06更新
日本語書記技術WG報告書（2019年3月31日付）
慶應義塾大学SFC研究所 Advanced Publishing Laboratory 日本語書記技術WG報告書 2019年3月31日 目 次 日本語書記技術 WG の議論の概要… …………………………… 小林龍生… 5 EPUB は Web ではない…………………………………………… 村 田 真… 19 Is EPUB part of the web?… ………………………………… Florian Rivoal… 23 リフロー可能なドキュメント環境とは………………………… 木田泰夫… 29 簡便な行組版ルール（案） … ……………………………………… 小 林 敏… 35 読み効率を高める日本語電子リーダー設計の試み…………… 小林潤平… 49 組版についてのアクセシビリティ要件………………………… 村 田 真… 57 ルビの簡便な配置ルール（案） … ………………………
: 2020 4 3 1 3 2 16 3 29 4 51 5 73 6 - 89 7 96 8 108 1 2 § 1. 1.1. (graph) V E Ď V ˆ V pV, Eq v P V (vertex) e “ pv0, v1q P E (edge) pv0, v1q P E v0 v1 v0 v0 (directed graph) pv0, v1q P E v0 v1 e “ pv0, v1q v0 dompeq codpeq dompeq “ v0 ‚ e // ‚ v1 “ codpeq x ď y y x x y (Hasse diagram) x ď y x ÝÑ y d �� e �� f �� a OO @@ � � � � � � � � DD b ^^======== @@ � � � � � � � � DD c OO ^^======== DD V 2
PAPERWALL: Chinese Websites Posing as Local News Outlets Target Global Audiences with Pro-Beijing Content - The Citizen Lab
Key Findings A network of at least 123 websites operated from within the People’s Republic of China while posing as local news outlets in 30 countries across Europe, Asia, and Latin America, disseminates pro-Beijing disinformation and ad hominem attacks within much larger volumes of commercial press releases. We name this campaign PAPERWALL. PAPERWALL has similarities with HaiEnergy, an influence
For almost a complete decade—starting with discovering Haskell in about 2009 and right up until switching to a job where I used primarily Ruby and C++ in about 2019—I would have called myself first and foremost a Haskell programmer. Not necessarily a dogmatic Haskeller! I was—and still am—proudly a polyglot who bounces between languages depending on the needs of the project. However, Haskell was m
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Time on Unix
jj init — Sympolymathesy, by Chris Krycho
Second-guessing the modern web
An introduction to typeclass metaprogramming
Defunctionalization and Freyd’s Theorem
Macroprudentialism
What killed Haskell, could kill Rust, too
Category Theory Illustrated - Sets
The security of customer-chosen banking PINs
All C++20 core language features with examples
Potluck: Dynamic documents as personal software
Make Something Wonderful | Steve Jobs
圏論を勉強しよう(Let's Study Category Theory)
Hacker News folk wisdom on visual programming
Functor, applicative, and monad - TAH's Site
Why AI Will Save the World | Andreessen Horowitz
Why We Use Julia, 10 Years Later
Think in Math. Write in Code.
The Koka Programming Language
microsoft/Phi-3-vision-128k-instruct · Hugging Face
What's New in Emacs 28.1?
圏論 | 壱大整域
圏と論理へのいざない・レクチャーノート
Leaving Haskell behind