Fish 4.0: The Fish Of Theseus
About two years ago, our head maintainer @ridiculousfish opened what quickly became our most-read pull request: #9512 - Rewrite it in Rust Truth be told, we did not quite expect that to be as popular as it was. It was written as a bit of an in-joke for the fish developers first, and not really as a press release to be shared far and wide. We didn’t post it anywhere, but other people did, and we go
> BTC: bc1qs0sq7agz5j30qnqz9m60xj4tt8th6aazgw7kxr ETH: 0x1D834755b5e889703930AC9b784CB625B3cd833E USDT(Tron): TPrCq8LxGykQ4as3o1oB8V7x1w2YPU2o5n Ton: UQAtBuFWI3H_LpHfEToil4iYemtfmyzlaJpahM3tFSoxomYQ Doge: D7GMQdKhKC9ymbT9PtcetSFTQjyPRRfkwTdismiss OOP: the worst thing that happened to programming [2/24/2025] In this article, we will try to understand why OOP is the worst thing that happened to prog
This post is about why we need a coroutine package for Go, and what it would look like. But first, what are coroutines? Every programmer today is familiar with function calls (subroutines): F calls G, which stops F and runs G. G does its work, potentially calling and waiting for other functions, and eventually returns. When G returns, G is gone and F continues running. In this pattern, only one fu
缶つぶし機とソフトウェア移行技術 - Refactoring to Rust の読書感想文 - じゃあ、おうちで学べる
はじめに ——あるいは、「知っている」と「理解している」の間 Rustのことは、知っていた。学習もしていた。実務でも使っていた。 でも、それは知っているつもりだった。 知ってるつもり 無知の科学 (ハヤカワ文庫NF) 作者:スティーブン スローマン,フィリップ ファーンバック早川書房Amazon 日々Rustで開発し、BoxとRcとArcを使い分け、tokio::spawnでタスクを生成し、?演算子を当たり前のように書いている。FFI？PyO3使えばいいでしょ。WebAssembly？wasm-bindgenがあるじゃない。技術的には、確かに「使える」レベルにはあった。 でも、心のどこかで感じていた違和感があった。 オートバイのエンジンを分解できる人と、エンジンが動く原理を理解している人は違う。コードが動くことと、なぜそう書くべきかを理解することも違う。私は前者だった。メカニックではあった
How Our Rust-to-Zig Rewrite is Going For the past year and a half, the team building Roc's compiler has been rewriting our 300,000 lines of Rust code into Zig, for reasons I'll recap below. We recently passed an exciting milestone: feature parity with the original compiler! Since the Bun project recently shared an experience report of their rewrite in the other direction (from Zig to Rust, althoug
Update 1.69.1: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.69.2: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the June 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: 3-way merge editor - Resolve merge conflicts wit
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Show navigation A recent article on WebAssembly Garbage Collection (WasmGC) explains at a high level how the Garbage Collection (GC) proposal aims to better support GC languages in Wasm, which is very important given their popularity. In this article, we will get into the technical details of how GC languages such as Java, Kotlin, Dart, Python, and C# can be ported to Wasm. There are in fact two m
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
A Walk with LuaJIT
The following is a chronicle of implementing a general purpose zero-instrumentation BPF based profiler for LuaJIT. Some assumptions are made about what this entails and it may be helpful to read some of our other work in this area. One major change from prior efforts is that instead of working with the original Parca unwinder we are now working with the OpenTelemetry eBPF profiler. If you missed t
Out of all the migrations I help teams with, Go to Rust is a bit of an outlier. It’s not a question of “is Rust faster?” or “does Rust have types?”, Go already gets you most of the way there. The discussion is mostly about correctness guarantees, runtime tradeoffs, and developer ergonomics. A quick disclaimer before we start: this guide is heavily backend-focused. Backend services are where Go is
Delimiter-first code
Summary I argue for wider usage of delimiter-first in the code three friends [tic, tac, toe] becomes three friends ・tic ・tac ・toe. A new top-level syntax for programming languages is proposed to show advantages of this method. New syntax is arguably as simple, but more consistent, better preserves visual structure and solves some issues in code formatting. Related: comma-first formatting A well-kn
World’s First MIDI Shellcode Jan 2025 · 45 min read I gained remote code execution via MIDI messages to trick my synth into playing Bad Apple on its LCD. This blog post is about my journey with this reverse engineering project. Final iteration of Bad Apple The beginning I’ve had this Yamaha PSR-E433 synth for a very long time, and a couple of years ago I decided to open it up — partly because it w
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems With Language Models
Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models Aitor Lewkowycz∗, Anders Andreassen†, David Dohan†, Ethan Dyer†, Henryk Michalewski†, Vinay Ramasesh†, Ambrose Slone, Cem Anil, Imanol Schlag, Theo Gutman-Solo, Yuhuai Wu, Behnam Neyshabur∗, Guy Gur-Ari∗, and Vedant Misra∗ Google Research Abstract Language models have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks that require
Update 1.86.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.86.1: The update addresses these issues. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the January 2024 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Per-window zoom levels - Adjust the zoom leve
MAI-Thinking-1: Building a Hill-Climbing Machine The Microsoft AI Team 1 Abstract Progress in AI is driven not by a single model, but by the ability to continually improve upon the current state of models. Achieving this requires treating model development as a system-level optimization problem, for which the solution is building a hill-climbing machine for rapid improvement. Our process includes
A Lisp Interpreter Implemented in Conway’s Game of Life
Lisp in Life is a Lisp interpreter implemented in Conway’s Game of Life. The entire pattern is viewable on the browser here. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time a high-level programming language was interpreted in Conway’s Game of Life. Running Lisp on the Game of Life Lisp is a language with a simple and elegant design, having an extensive ability to express sophisticated ideas as
Random musings on React, Redux, and more, by Redux maintainer Mark "acemarke" Erikson Detailed thoughts on how React has been developed over time, and explanations for common community confusion and concerns Introduction 🔗︎ Today, the state of React and its ecosystem is complicated and fractured, with a mixture of successes, skepticism, and contention. On the positive side: React is the most wide
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Hachi: An (Image) Search engine Only the dead have seen the end of war .. George Santayana For quite some time now, i have been working on and off on a fully self-hosted search engine, in hope to make it easier to search across Personal data in an end to end manner. Even as individuals, we are hoarding and generating more and more data with no end in sight. Such "personal" data is being stored fro
This year’s Advent of Code has been brutal (compare the stats of 2023 with that of 2022, especially day 1 part 1 vs. day 1 part 2). It included a problem to solve with dynamic programming as soon as day 12, which discouraged some people I know. This specific problem was particularly gnarly for Advent of Code, with multiple special cases to take into account, making it basically intractable if you
Migrating OCR Enhancement from GPT-4 Turbo Vision Preview to GPT-4 Turbo GA
Migrating OCR Enhancement from GPT-4 Turbo Vision Preview to GPT-4 Turbo GA The introduction of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) enhancement as a component of the GPT-4 Turbo Vision Preview was aimed at generating higher-quality responses for dense texts, transformed images, and number-heavy financial documents. Although, the recent announcement regarding the GPT-4 Turbo 2024-04-09 General Avai
17 types of similarity and dissimilarity measures used in data science. | Towards Data Science
The following article explains various methods for computing distances and showing their instances in our daily lives. Additionally, it… Various ML metrics. Inspired by Maarten Grootendorst. "There is no Royal Road to Geometry." – Euclid Quick note: Everything written and visualized has been created by the author unless it was specified. Illustrations and equations were generated using tools like
Type Parameters Proposal
Ian Lance Taylor Robert Griesemer August 20, 2021 StatusThis is the design for adding generic programming using type parameters to the Go language. This design has been proposed and accepted as a future language change. We currently expect that this change will be available in the Go 1.18 release in early 2022. AbstractWe suggest extending the Go language to add optional type parameters to type an
Tech Solvency: The Story So Far: CVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell log4j vulnerability).
Log4Shell log4j vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228 / CVE-2021-45046) - cheat-sheet reference guide Last updated: $Date: 2022/02/08 23:26:16 $ UTC - best effort, validate all for your environment/model before use, unofficial sources may be wrong by @TychoTithonus (Royce Williams), standing on the shoulders of many giants Send updates or suggestions (please include category / context / public (or support
Getting started What is NumPy? Installation NumPy quickstart NumPy: the absolute basics for beginners Fundamentals and usage NumPy fundamentals NumPy for MATLAB users NumPy tutorials NumPy how-tos Advanced usage and interoperability Using NumPy C-API F2PY user guide and reference manual Under-the-hood documentation for developers Interoperability with NumPy Extras Glossary Release notes 2.5.0 2.4.
Reading the excellent article by JeanHeyd Meneide on how broken string encoding in C/C++ is made me realise that Unicode is a topic that is often overlooked by a large number of developers. In my experience, there’s a lot of confusion and wrong expectations on what Unicode is, and what best practices to follow when dealing with strings that may contain characters outside of the ASCII range. This a
Try Mastering Emacs for free! Are you struggling with the basics? Have you mastered movement and editing yet? When you have read Mastering Emacs you will understand Emacs. It’s that time again: there’s a new major version of Emacs and, with it, a treasure trove of new features and changes. Notable features include the formal inclusion of native compilation, a technique that will greatly speed up y
Renato Athaydes
Revenge of Lisp (Part 1⁄2) Background vector created by upklyak - www.freepik.com This may surprise you if you know me, but I’ve been learning Common Lisp for a few weeks now. It all started when I was reading, funnily enough, a blog post about another, much more hyped, language called Julia. The post was titled Julia and the reincarnation of Lisp, and in it the author lamented that despite his lo
Introduction: Density Is King (With a Tiny VM) I've previously come to the conclusion that there's little reason for using bytecode in the modern world, except in order to get more compact code, for which it can be very effective. So, what kind of a bytecode engine will give you more compact code? Suppose I want a bytecode interpreter for a very small programming environment, specifically to minim
In this write-up, I will walk you through an implementation of a string formatting library for C++ I came up with for my video game. The end result came out really compact, at only 65 lines of code—providing a skeleton that can be supplemented with additional functionality at low cost. Usage Given a format buffer… char buffer[64]; String_Buffer buf = {str, sizeof str}; …the fmt::format function pr
Context Engineering - Short-Term Memory Management with Sessions from OpenAI Agents SDK
Prerequisites Before running this cookbook, you must set up the following accounts and complete a few setup actions. These prerequisites are essential to interact with the APIs used in this project. Step0: OpenAI Account and OPENAI_API_KEY Purpose: You need an OpenAI account to access language models and use the Agents SDK featured in this cookbook. Action: Sign up for an OpenAI account if you don
Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Update 1.72.1: The update addresses these security issues. Update 1.72.2: The update addresses these issues. Welcome to the September 2022 release of Visual Studio Code. There are many updates in this version that we hope you'll like, some of the key highlights include: Tool bar customization - Hide/show
The feature is still under refinement, yet ready to use. Feedback is welcome. View the preview features (@tag:preview). Copilot Edits Agent mode improvements (Experimental) Last month, we introduced agent mode for Copilot Edits in VS Code Insiders. In agent mode, Copilot can automatically search your workspace for relevant context, edit files, check them for errors, and run terminal commands (with
Large Text Compression Benchmark Matt Mahoney Last update: Mar. 25, 2026. history This competition ranks lossless data compression programs by the compressed size (including the size of the decompression program) of the first 109 bytes of the XML text dump of the English version of Wikipedia on Mar. 3, 2006. About the test data. The goal of this benchmark is not to find the best overall compress
A mega tutorial with dozens of examples on how to use the pathlib module in Python 3 When I started learning Python, there was one thing I always had trouble with: dealing with directories and file paths! I remember the struggle to manipulate paths as strings using the os module. I was constantly looking up error messages related to improper path manipulation. The os module never felt intuitive an
This December I once again did the Advent of Code, in Rust. If you are interested, my solutions are on Github. I wanted to highlight one particular solution to the day 2 problem as it is both optimized completely beyond the point of reason yet contains a useful technique. For simplicity we’re only going to do part 1 of the day 2 problem here, but the exact same techniques apply to part 2. We’re go
Cognitive load is what matters
The logo image was taken from Reddit. It is a living document, last update: May 2025. Your contributions are welcome! Introduction There are so many buzzwords and best practices out there, but most of them have failed. We need something more fundamental, something that can't be wrong. Sometimes we feel confusion going through the code. Confusion costs time and money. Confusion is caused by high co
Rust vs C++ Formatting
In Rust, if I want to print some 32-bit unsigned value in hex, with the leading 0x, padded out with zeros, I would write that as: println!("{:#010x}", value); In C++23, if I want to do the same, that’s: std::println("{:#010x}", value); The only difference is the spelling of the name of the thing we’re calling (which is a function template in C++ and a macro in Rust) - otherwise, identical. Neverth
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OOP: the worst thing that happened to programming
research!rsc: Coroutines for Go
How Our Rust-to-Zig Rewrite is Going
June 2022 (version 1.69)
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Migrating from Go to Rust | corrode Rust Consulting
World's First MIDI Shellcode
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What's New in Emacs 28.1?
bytecode interpreters for tiny computers ⁑ Dercuano
A string formatting library in 65 lines of C++
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Large Text Compression Benchmark
Python pathlib Cookbook: 57+ Examples to Master It (2022)
The World's Smallest Hash Table | orlp.net