Contents Command Line Interface Guidelines An open-source guide to help you write better command-line programs, taking traditional UNIX principles and updating them for the modern day. Authors Aanand Prasad Engineer at Squarespace, co-creator of Docker Compose. @aanandprasad Ben Firshman Co-creator Replicate, co-creator of Docker Compose. @bfirsh Carl Tashian Offroad Engineer at Smallstep, first e
Introducing Ezno
Ezno is an experimental compiler I have been working on and off for a while. In short, it is a JavaScript compiler featuring checking, correctness and performance for building full-stack (rendering on the client and server) websites. This post is just an overview of some of the features I have been working on which I think are quite cool as well an overview on the project philosophy ;) It is still
Mojo may be the biggest programming language advance in decades – fast.ai
I remember the first time I used the v1.0 of Visual Basic. Back then, it was a program for DOS. Before it, writing programs was extremely complex and I’d never managed to make much progress beyond the most basic toy applications. But with VB, I drew a button on the screen, typed in a single line of code that I wanted to run when that button was clicked, and I had a complete application I could now
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
Lessons from Writing a Compiler
The prototypical compilers textbook is: 600 pages on parsing theory. Three pages of type-checking a first-order type system like C. Zero pages on storing and checking the correctness of declarations (the “symbol table”). Zero pages on the compilation model, and efficiently implementing separate compilation. 450 pages on optimization and code generation. The standard academic literature is most use
Programming is an iterative process - as much as we would like to come up with the perfect solution from the start, it rarely works that way. Good programs often start as quick prototypes. The bad ones stay prototypes, but the best ones evolve into production code. Whether you’re writing games, CLI tools, or designing library APIs, prototyping helps tremendously in finding the best approach before
There are millions of GitHub repos and filtering them is an insane amount of work. It takes a huge time, effort, and a lot more. We have done this for you. In this article, we’ll share a curated list of 100+ widely-known, recommended, and most popular repositories and open source GitHub projects for Machine Learning and Deep Learning. So without further ado, Let’s see all the hubs created by exper
Rewriting the Ruby parser
At Shopify, we have spent the last year writing a new Ruby parser, which we’ve called YARP (Yet Another Ruby Parser). As of the date of this post, YARP can parse a semantically equivalent syntax tree to Ruby 3.3 on every Ruby file in Shopify’s main codebase, GitHub’s main codebase, CRuby, and the 100 most popular gems downloaded from rubygems.org. We recently got approval to merge this work into C
I am a huge fan of Richard Feyman’s famous quote: “What I cannot create, I do not understand” I think it’s brilliant, and it remains true across many fields (if you’re willing to be a little creative with the definition of ‘create’). It is to this principle that I believe I owe everything I’m truly good at. Some will tell you to avoid reinventing the wheel, but they’re wrong: you should build your
Python is among the one of the most popular programming languages, yet it's generally not the first choice when speed is required. While it can be optimized for better performance, Python is prized for qualities other than speed, such as readability, a manageable learning curve, an expansive ecosystem, and utility in both academia and business. MIT computer scientists and their colleagues, however
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Connect RPC, Buf’s family of fully protocol-conformant and battle-tested alternatives to Google’s gRPC project, has joined the Cloud Native Computing Foundation. We joined the CNCF to demonstrate our deep commitment to sustainably and responsibly growing Connect as a well-governed and community-led open source project. Today, Connect integrates seamlessly with gRPC systems in production at compani
I thought it would be fun to go outside of my comfort zone of web development topics and write about something completely different and new, something I have never written about before. So today, I'm going to show you how to implement a programming language! The project will parse and execute programs written in a simple language I called my (I know it's a lame name, but hey, it is "my" language).
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Delimiter-first code
Summary I argue for wider usage of delimiter-first in the code three friends [tic, tac, toe] becomes three friends ・tic ・tac ・toe. A new top-level syntax for programming languages is proposed to show advantages of this method. New syntax is arguably as simple, but more consistent, better preserves visual structure and solves some issues in code formatting. Related: comma-first formatting A well-kn
I’ve become convinced that “little languages”—small languages designed to solve very specific problems—are the future of programming, particularly after reading Gabriella Gonzalez’s The end of history for programming and watching Alan Kay’s Programming and Scaling talk. You should go check them out because they’re both excellent, but if you stick around I’ll explain just what I mean by “little lan
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
It is December. That means annoying Christmas things are everywhere, including but not limited to the annual programming semi-competition known as Advent of Code. The problem with Advent of Code is that it is a waste of time. Most of the puzzles are in the realm of either string processing (somewhat applicable to programming), logic puzzles (not really applicable to most programming), or stupid go
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
So, What's So Special About The Mill Scala Build Tool? Mill is a Scala build tool that offers an alternative to the venerable SBT toolchain. Mill aims for simplicity by reusing concepts you are already familiar with, borrowing ideas from Functional Programming and modern tools like Bazel. Feedback from users of Mill is often surprisingly positive, with people saying it is "intuitive" or feels "jus
How Nvidia’s CUDA Monopoly In Machine Learning Is Breaking – OpenAI Triton And PyTorch 2.0
How Nvidia’s CUDA Monopoly In Machine Learning Is Breaking – OpenAI Triton And PyTorch 2.0 Over the last decade, the landscape of machine learning software development has undergone significant changes. Many frameworks have come and gone, but most have relied heavily on leveraging Nvidia’s CUDA and performed best on Nvidia GPUs. However, with the arrival of PyTorch 2.0 and OpenAI’s Triton, Nvidia’
prompts.chat
Welcome to the “Awesome ChatGPT Prompts” repository! While this collection was originally created for ChatGPT, these prompts work great with other AI models like Claude, Gemini, Hugging Face Chat, Llama, Mistral, and more. ChatGPT is a web interface created by OpenAI that provides access to their GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models. The underlying models, like GPT-4o and GPT-o
I recently came to a good stopping spot on an ambitious project to build a B+ Tree library using augmented coding. The result is BPlusTree3 - a performance-competitive, maybe-production-ready implementation in Rust & Python. I sat down with a friend to tell my story and reflect on what it reveals about the future of programming in the GenAI era. If you want to support my work, join a community wor
This past May, I started a new job working in Rust. I was somewhat skeptical of Rust for a while, but it turns out, it really is all it’s cracked up to be. As a long-time C++ programmer, and C++ instructor, I am convinced that Rust is better than C++ in all of C++’s application space, that for any new programming project where C++ would make sense as the programming language, Rust would make more
This article is a translation, the original version is available here. I started using the OCaml language regularly around 2012, and since then, my interest and enthusiasm for this language have only grown. It has become my preferred choice for almost all my personal projects, and it has also influenced my professional choices. Since 2014, I have been actively participating in public conferences d
I did this in 2020 and then again in 2021, but I’m in the mood to look around again. Let’s look through Are We GUI Yet? and see what’s up these days. The task today is to have a text label and an input field that can change the text in the label. In React, for example, this is basically free: const Demo = () => { let [state, setState] = useState("Hello, world!"); return ( <div> <p>{state}</p> <inp
I am starting this new year the same way I ended the last: taking antibiotics because my biological daughter brought home a nasty sinus bug from Carnegie Mellon’s preschool. This was after my first wife betrayed me and gave me COVID. Nevertheless, it is time for my annual screed on last year’s major database happenings and trends since a lot has happened. My goal is to keep my trenchant opinions f
A Lisp REPL as my main shell
If you enjoy this article and would like to help me keep writing, consider chipping in, every little bit helps to keep me going :) Thank you! Update: As of 2021-02-07, not all the code and configurations used in this presentation have been published. Should happen in the coming days, stay tuned! Introduction video The concepts I’m going to present in this article were featured in a presentation at
We’re releasing an open source system, based on FSDP and QLoRA, that can train a 70b model on two 24GB GPUs. Summary Today, we’re releasing Answer.AI’s first project: a fully open source system that, for the first time, can efficiently train a 70b large language model on a regular desktop computer with two or more standard gaming GPUs (RTX 3090 or 4090). This system, which combines FSDP and QLoRA,
Announcing: Learn TLA+
tl;dr: online TLA+ manual/advanced techniques/examples here. TLA+ is a tool for testing abstract software designs. I first stumbled on it in 2016 and found it so useful I wrote a free online guide to help others learn it. Then I decided the guide wasn’t good enough and wrote Practical TLA+ in 2018. Then I decided the book wasn’t good enough and needed a second edition. Just kidding! Book’s never g
As Elixir's Machine Learning (ML) ecosystem grows, many Elixir enthusiasts who wish to adopt the new machine learning libraries in their projects are stuck at a crossroads of wanting to move away from their existing ML stack (typically Python) while not having a clear path of how to do so. I would like to take some time to talk to WHY I believe now is a good time to start porting over Machine Lear
Cognitive load is what matters
The logo image was taken from Reddit. It is a living document, last update: May 2025. Your contributions are welcome! Introduction There are so many buzzwords and best practices out there, but most of them have failed. We need something more fundamental, something that can't be wrong. Sometimes we feel confusion going through the code. Confusion costs time and money. Confusion is caused by high co
I've been using Nim for about 1-2 years now, and I believe the language is undervalued. It's not perfect, of course, but it's pleasant to write and read. My personal website uses Nim. After reading a recent article on Nim ("Why Nim") and the associated HN comments, it's clear that comments and some information about Nim are misleading and outdated. Since Nim 2, a tracing Garbage Collector is not t
I often hear how happy Haskellers are because they have such a great and unique language. They must be proud of how the outer world respects this Haskell technical superiority, and how the language influences all the other languages. This is deserved for sure, and it’s definitely a reason for pride. But when it comes to the closer comparison with any other mainstream language, we see that not ever
The logo image was taken from Reddit. It is a living document, last update: May 2025. Your contributions are welcome! Introduction There are so many buzzwords and best practices out there, but most of them have failed. We need something more fundamental, something that can't be wrong. Sometimes we feel confusion going through the code. Confusion costs time and money. Confusion is caused by high co
The 'eu' in eucatastrophe – Why SciPy builds for Python 3.12 on Windows are a minor miracle
This matrix would be a lot larger if it included historical OSes and less common architectures, where support with the respective compiler was often in a 1:1 relationship (i.e. that combination would cover a single cell in the matrix). The matrix also does not cover which programming languages a given compiler is able to process, but for simplicity, you can picture C/C++ here. Of course, GCC remai
Simon Peyton Jones
Recorded 2022-02-01. Published 2022-03-25. Simon Peyton Jones is interviewed by Andres Löh and Joachim Breitner. Simon is the creator of Haskell and in this episode he talks about his new position at Epic, the origins of Haskell and why “it feels right”, and the (extra)ordinary Haskell programmers. Andres Löh: Hello Simon. Thank you so much for joining us today. Simon Peyton Jones: Hi Andres, hi J
Language Pragmatics Engineering
Summary: The code that gets written is the code that’s easier to write. Anything not forbidden by the language semantics will be done as a “temporary fix”. Codebases decay along the gradient of expedient hacks. Programming languages have syntax, semantics, and pragmatics: how the language is used in practice. The latter is harder to design for. Language pragmatics is tooling, best practices, and t
An AI-native software engineer is one who deeply integrates AI into their daily workflow, treating it as a partner to amplify their abilities. This requires a fundamental mindset shift. Instead of thinking “AI might replace me” an AI-native engineer asks for every task: “Could AI help me do this faster, better, or differently?”. The mindset is optimistic and proactive - you see AI as a multiplier
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Command Line Interface Guidelines
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Prototyping in Rust | corrode Rust Consulting
100+ Best GitHub Repositories For Machine Learning
Writing Toy Software Is A Joy
Codon: Python compiler takes scripts to C/C++ speeds
Connect RPC joins CNCF: gRPC you can bet your business on
Building a Toy Programming Language in Python
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
Little Languages Are The Future Of Programming
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Advent of Code on the Nintendo DS
0.10.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
So, What's So Special About The Mill Scala Build Tool?
Augmented Coding: Beyond the Vibes
Sayonara, C++, and hello to Rust!
xvw.lol - Why I chose OCaml as my primary language
A 2025 Survey of Rust GUI Libraries
Databases in 2023: A Year in Review
You can now train a 70b language model at home – Answer.AI
From Python to Elixir Machine Learning
A Review of Nim 2: The Good & Bad with Example Code
GitHub - graninas/The-Voids-Of-Haskell
Cognitive load is what matters
The AI-Native Software Engineer