I have presented a new paper at PPDP 2015 From monoids to near-semirings: the essence of MonadPlus and Alternative Exequiel Rivas, Mauro Jaskelioff and Tom Schrijvers It is well-known that monads are monoids in the category of endofunctors, and in fact so are applicative functors. Unfortunately, the benefits of this unified view are lostwhen the additional non-determinism structure of MonadPlus or