Before Rails 6 Before Rails 6, the default format %{attribute} %{message} is used to display validation error message for a model's attribute. 1 2> > article = Article.new 3> > => #<Article id: nil, title: nil, description: nil, created_at: nil, updated_at: nil> 4> > article.errors.full_message(:title, "cannot be blank") 5> > => "Title cannot be blank" 6> >Copy