TabFS
Going through the files inside a tab's folder. For example, the url.txt, text.txt, and title.txt files tell me those live properties of this tab (Read more up-to-date documentation for all of TabFS's files here.) This gives you a ton of power, because now you can apply all the existing tools on your computer that already know how to deal with files -- terminal commands, scripting languages, point-
Deploy applications on Amazon ECS using Docker Compose | Amazon Web Services
Containers Deploy applications on Amazon ECS using Docker Compose Note: Docker Compose’s integration with Amazon ECS has been deprecated and is retiring in November 2023 There are many reasons why containers have become popular since Docker democratized access to the core Linux primitives that make a “docker run” possible. One reason is that containers are not tied to a specific infrastructure or
[Hacker News discussion, LinkedIn discussion, Twitter thread] Update: My upcoming book, AI Engineering (late 2024/early 2025) will cover building aplications with foundation models in depth. A question that I’ve been asked a lot recently is how large language models (LLMs) will change machine learning workflows. After working with several companies who are working with LLM applications and persona
This post is about why we need a coroutine package for Go, and what it would look like. But first, what are coroutines? Every programmer today is familiar with function calls (subroutines): F calls G, which stops F and runs G. G does its work, potentially calling and waiting for other functions, and eventually returns. When G returns, G is gone and F continues running. In this pattern, only one fu
A few months ago, I set myself the challenge of writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python1, after writing my SDF donut post. How hard could it be? The answer was, pretty hard, even when dropping quite a few features. But it was also pretty interesting, and the result is surprisingly functional and not too hard to understand! There's too much code for me to comprehensively cover in a single blog
ChatGPT (Advanced Data Analysis)でBNF式からパーサーを生成する - Taste of Tech Topics
こんにちは、最近ピアノを習い始めた安部です。 今回は、ChatGPTのAdvanced Data Analysis (旧Code Interpreter)にBNF式を与えてパーサーを作成してもらおうと思います。 BNF式のように機械的に解釈可能なものであれば、正確にコードを生成してくれるのではないでしょうか？ BNFでうまくいけば、その他の様々な形式のデータやフォーマットからパーサーを自動生成してくれることが期待できそうです。 1. BNFとは BNF（バッカス・ナウア記法）とは、プログラムの構文規則（文脈自由文法）を記述するための記法です。 正確な定義よりも具体例を見た方が早く理解できると思うので、例を示します。 『プログラム意味論』（横内寛文 著）の冒頭に登場する、非常に単純なプログラムを許容する言語の定義です。 <変数> ::= A | B | C | ... | Z <定数> ::
We Love You, TypeScriptFor nearly five years now, Motion has operated in a large TypeScript monorepo. At its peak, it was roughly ~2.5 million lines of code after excluding comments, node_modules, etc. To manage this, we used Vercel’s rather excellent Turborepo build system. This is not a blog post hating on TypeScript — quite the opposite! Motion would likely not even have survived until today wi
Happy New Year everyone! In late December 2023 (Christmas Day to be precise), CPython core developer Brandt Bucher submitted a little pull-request to the Python 3.13 branch adding a JIT compiler. This change, once accepted would be one of the biggest changes to the CPython Interpreter since the Specializing Adaptive Interpreter added in Python 3.11 (which was also from Brandt along with Mark Shann
February 2022 Recently I improved the performance of GoAWK – my AWK interpreter written in Go – by switching from a tree-walking interpreter to a bytecode compiler with a virtual machine interpreter. While doing that, I thought it’d be interesting to see how much the performance of Go itself has improved over the years. There are many ways programs written in Go have gotten faster: the Go team and
Agents
Intelligent agents are considered by many to be the ultimate goal of AI. The classic book by Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (Prentice Hall, 1995), defines the field of AI research as “the study and design of rational agents.” The unprecedented capabilities of foundation models have opened the door to agentic applications that were previously unimaginabl
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) K. Davis Request for Comments: 9562 Cisco Systems Obsoletes: 4122 B. Peabody Category: Standards Track Uncloud ISSN: 2070-1721 P. Leach University of Washington May 2024 Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs) Abstract This specification defines UUIDs (Universally Unique IDentifiers) -- also known as GUIDs (Globally Unique IDentifiers) -- and a Uniform Resou
Weird Lexical Syntax
I just learned 42 programming languages this month to build a new syntax highlighter for llamafile. I feel like I'm up to my eyeballs in programming languages right now. Now that it's halloween, I thought I'd share some of the spookiest most surprising syntax I've seen. The languages I decided to support are Ada, Assembly, BASIC, C, C#, C++, COBOL, CSS, D, FORTH, FORTRAN, Go, Haskell, HTML, Java,
Golang Mini Reference 2022: A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY)
Golang Mini Reference 2022 A Quick Guide to the Modern Go Programming Language (REVIEW COPY) Harry Yoon Version 0.9.0, 2022-08-24 REVIEW COPY This is review copy, not to be shared or distributed to others. Please forward any feedback or comments to the author. • feedback@codingbookspress.com The book is tentatively scheduled to be published on September 14th, 2022. We hope that when the release da
AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation
233 AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation OCTAVE LAROSE, University of Kent, UK SOPHIE KALEBA, University of Kent, UK HUMPHREY BURCHELL, University of Kent, UK STEFAN MARR, University of Kent, UK Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interprete
Parsing SQL - Strumenta
The code for this tutorial is on GitHub: parsing-sql SQL is a language to handle data in a relational database. If you worked with data you have probably worked with SQL. In this article we will talk about parsing SQL. It is in the same league of HTML: maybe you never learned it formally but you kind of know how to use it. That is great because if you know SQL, you know how to handle data. However
How I developed a faster Ruby interpreter | Red Hat Developer
In this article, I will describe my efforts to implement a faster interpreter for CRuby, the Ruby language interpreter, using a dynamically specialized internal representation (IR). I believe this article will interest developers trying to improve the interpreter performance of dynamic programming languages (e.g., CPython developers). I will cover the following topics: Existing CRuby interpreter a
Most of my readers are probably familiar with procedural programming, object-oriented programming (OOP), and functional programming (FP). The majority of top programming languages on all of the language popularity charts (like TIOBE) support all three to some extent. Even if a programmer avoided one or more of those three paradigms like the plague, they’re likely at least aware of them and what th
AWS Lambda warms up your functions, such that 50%-85% of Lambda Sandbox initializations don't increase latency for users. In this article we'll define Proactive Initialization, observe its frequency, and help you identify invocations where your cold starts weren't really that cold. July 13, 2023 This post is both longer and more popular than I anticipated, so I’ve decided to add a quick summary: T
I thought it would be fun to go outside of my comfort zone of web development topics and write about something completely different and new, something I have never written about before. So today, I'm going to show you how to implement a programming language! The project will parse and execute programs written in a simple language I called my (I know it's a lame name, but hey, it is "my" language).
Over the course of my Spring 2020 semester at Harvey Mudd College, I developed a self-hosting compiler entirely from scratch. This article walks through many interesting parts of the project. It’s laid out so you can just read from beginning to end, but if you’re more interested in a particular topic, feel free to jump there. Or, take a look at the project on GitHub. Table of contents What the pro
Join a VS Code Dev Days event near you to learn about AI-assisted development in VS Code. Update 1.54.1: The update addresses an issue with an extension dependency. Update 1.54.2: The update addresses these issues. Update 1.54.3: The update addresses this issue. Downloads: Windows: x64 Arm64 | Mac: Universal Intel silicon | Linux: deb rpm tarball Arm snap Welcome to the February 2021 release of Vi
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products [ llm engineering production 🔥 ] · 66 min read Discussions on HackerNews, Twitter, and LinkedIn “There is a large class of problems that are easy to imagine and build demos for, but extremely hard to make products out of. For example, self-driving: It’s easy to demo a car self-driving around a block, but making it into a product takes a decade.”
The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation | Datadog Security Labs
emerging threats and vulnerabilities The OpenSSL punycode vulnerability (CVE-2022-3602): Overview, detection, exploitation, and remediation November 1, 2022 emerging vulnerability On November 1, 2022, the OpenSSL Project released a security advisory detailing a high-severity vulnerability in the OpenSSL library. Deployments of OpenSSL from 3.0.0 to 3.0.6 (included) are vulnerable and are fixed in
I’ve become convinced that “little languages”—small languages designed to solve very specific problems—are the future of programming, particularly after reading Gabriella Gonzalez’s The end of history for programming and watching Alan Kay’s Programming and Scaling talk. You should go check them out because they’re both excellent, but if you stick around I’ll explain just what I mean by “little lan
Parsing Protobuf at 2+GB/s: How I Learned To Love Tail Calls in C
[Note: there have been several developments in this space since this article was published. See A Tail Calling Interpreter For Python (And Other Updates) for the latest information about this technique.] I just landed an exciting feature in the main branch of the Clang compiler. Using the [[clang::musttail]] or __attribute__((musttail)) statement attributes, you can now get guaranteed tail calls i
Tier 4 Support § Support for these targets is entirely experimental. If this target is provided by LLVM, LLVM may have the target as an experimental target, which means that you need to use Zig-provided binaries for the target to be available, or build LLVM from source with special configure flags. zig targets will display the target if it is available. This target may be considered deprecated by
Zig in 30 minutes
test.md A half-hour to learn Zig This is inspired by https://fasterthanli.me/blog/2020/a-half-hour-to-learn-rust/ Basics the command zig run my_code.zig will compile and immediately run your Zig program. Each of these cells contains a zig program that you can try to run (some of them contain compile-time errors that you can comment out to play with) You'll want to declare a main() function to get
The Go Programming Language and Environment – Communications of the ACM
Go is a programming language created at Google in late 2007 and released as open source in November 2009. Since then, it has operated as a public project, with contributions from thousands of individuals and dozens of companies. Go has become a popular language for building cloud infrastructure: Docker, a Linux container manager, and Kubernetes, a container deployment system, are core cloud techno
作りたいゲームを指示すると概念図を作ってから概念図に基づいてゲームの開発計画を立て、自動的にプログラミングするアプリを作ろうとした #GPTハッカソン24耐｜shi3z
作りたいゲームを指示すると概念図を作ってから概念図に基づいてゲームの開発計画を立て、自動的にプログラミングするアプリを作ろうとした #GPTハッカソン24耐 tldrawに影響されて、なんとかこの性質を応用できないか考えたところ、言葉から概念図をまず作り、それに基づいて計画を立て、長いプログラム(128Kトークンを活用)を書かせるようなアプリを作りました。 GPT4でDALL-Eのプロンプトを書き、DALL-Eが概念図を描き、それをGPT-4Vが読み込んで開発計画を立て、GPT-4がゲーム本体を生成するという段取りです。 例えばブロック崩しだとまず以下のようなプロンプトが生成されます。 DALL-E用のプロンプトは以下の通りです： "A sketch on a whiteboard illustrating the basic program structure and screen mo
The Andrej Karpathy episode. Andrej explains why reinforcement learning is terrible (but everything else is much worse), why model collapse prevents LLMs from learning the way humans do, why AGI will just blend into the previous ~2.5 centuries of 2% GDP growth, why self driving took so long to crack, and what he sees as the future of education. Watch on YouTube; listen on Apple Podcasts or Spotify
TL;DR: The hard part of building reliable agentic systems is making sure the LLM has the appropriate context at each step. This includes both controlling the exact content that goes into the LLM, as well as running the appropriate steps to generate relevant content.Agentic systems consist of both workflows and agents (and everything in between).Most agentic frameworks are neither declarative or im
arXiv:2506.12115v1 [cs.CL] 13 Jun 2025 Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools Brown Ebouky IBM Research - Zurich ETH Zurich Brown.Ebouky@ibm.com Andrea Bartezzaghi IBM Research - Zurich abt@zurich.ibm.com Mattia Rigotti IBM Research - Zurich mrg@zurich.ibm.com Abstract The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI’s o1 was met with excited spec- ulation by the AI community
State of the Common Lisp ecosystem, 2020 🎉 - Lisp journey
NEW: 9 videos (86min) about CLOS on my Common Lisp course. Out of 7h+ of content. Rated 4.7/5. Learn more and stay tuned. 🎥 I also have cool Lisp showcases on Youtube . The last ones: how to build a web app in Common Lisp, part 1 and 2. This is a description of the Common Lisp ecosystem, as of January, 2021, from the perspective of a user and contributor. The purpose of this article is both to gi
Manuel Cerón
Last year I finally decided to learn some Rust. The official book by Steve Klabnik and Carol Nichols is excellent, but even after reading it and working on some small code exercises, I felt that I needed more to really understand the language. I wanted to work on a small project to get some hands-on experience, but most of my ideas didn’t feel very well suited for Rust. Then I started reading the
We now live in a world where ML workflows (pre-training, post training, etc) are heterogeneous, must contend with hardware failures, are increasingly asynchronous and highly dynamic. Traditionally, PyTorch has relied on an HPC-style multi-controller model, where multiple copies of the same script are launched across different machines, each running its own instance of the application (often refer
prompts.chat
Welcome to the “Awesome ChatGPT Prompts” repository! While this collection was originally created for ChatGPT, these prompts work great with other AI models like Claude, Gemini, Hugging Face Chat, Llama, Mistral, and more. ChatGPT is a web interface created by OpenAI that provides access to their GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) language models. The underlying models, like GPT-4o and GPT-o
Getting started What is NumPy? Installation NumPy quickstart NumPy: the absolute basics for beginners Fundamentals and usage NumPy fundamentals NumPy for MATLAB users NumPy tutorials NumPy how-tos Advanced usage and interoperability Using NumPy C-API F2PY user guide and reference manual Under-the-hood documentation for developers Interoperability with NumPy Extras Glossary Release notes 2.4.0 2.3.
Introduction Some part of me has always been fascinated with coercing code to run in weird places. I scratch this itch a lot with my security research projects. These often lead me to writing shellcode to run in kernels or embedded hardware, sometimes with the only way being through an existing bug. For those not familiar, shellcode is honestly hard to describe. I don’t know if there’s a very form
Engineering Trade-Offs in Automatic Differentiation: from TensorFlow and PyTorch to Jax and Julia - Stochastic Lifestyle
December 25 2021 in Julia, Programming, Science, Scientific ML | Tags: automatic differentiation, compilers, differentiable programming, jax, julia, machine learning, pytorch, tensorflow, XLA | Author: Christopher Rackauckas To understand the differences between automatic differentiation libraries, let’s talk about the engineering trade-offs that were made. I would personally say that none of thes
Rust Programming Language Tutorial – How to Build a To-Do List App
By Claudio Restifo Since its first open-source release in 2015, the Rust programming language has gained a lot of attention from the community. It's also been voted the most loved programming language on StackOverflow's developer survey each year since 2016. Rust was designed by Mozilla and is considered a system programming language (like C or C++). It has no garbage collector, which makes its pe
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Building LLM applications for production
research!rsc: Coroutines for Go
Writing a C compiler in 500 lines of Python
Moving off of TypeScript
Python 3.13 gets a JIT
Go performance from version 1.2 to 1.18
RFC 9562: Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDs)
Implementing Logic Programming
Understanding AWS Lambda Proactive Initialization
Building a Toy Programming Language in Python
Kalyn: a self-hosting compiler for x86-64
February 2021 (version 1.54)
Patterns for Building LLM-based Systems & Products
Little Languages Are The Future Of Programming
0.8.0 Release Notes ⚡ The Zig Programming Language
Andrej Karpathy — AGI is still a decade away
How to think about agent frameworks
Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools
Introducing PyTorch Monarch – PyTorch
NumPy 2.0.0 Release Notes — NumPy v2.4.dev0 Manual
Rust on MIPS64 Windows NT 4.0